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Preparation and characterization of nano magnetic fluid for automotive applications

Thanikachalam J., Nagaraj P., Karthikeyan S.

Archives of Materials Science and Engineering

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2019

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Vol. 96, nr 2

49--55

EN

Purpose: of this paper is to prepare a nano magnetic fluids with nano additives to have the combined characteristics of high yield stress and better magnetic properties for smart vehicles. This study focuses on increasing the sedimentation time of the fluid using suitable nano additive nickel along with graphene as fillers. Design/methodology/approach: Magnetic nano sized nickel particle based electromagneto-rheological fluid was prepared and graphene nanoparticle with thickness less than 10nm was introduced as an additive to reduce its sedimentation. This added plate like graphene acts as filler which seals the interfaces of nickel particles and thereby it improves the resistance to sedimentation. Triton X 100 was added as the surfactant for the fluid to reduce the agglomeration of the particles. Findings: Morphology of pure nickel and graphene were examined using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images. Research limitations/implications: The important limitations is that freely dispersed micron sized iron particles could settle over a period of time, in the form of cakes at the bottommost, and it is tedious to recuperate as dispersed phase. In this investigation, nano sized nickel particles were used as additive to reduce the sedimentation of micron sized iron particles so that, the mixture is homogeneous for extended period of time. In future, addition of different types composite additives in the magnetorheological fluid could be made for the better sedimentation control. Practical implications: The sedimentation problem is one of the major drawback in the smart fluids, which can be eliminated by adding nano particles. For conventional fluid, the complete sedimentation will occur in 2 hours while the improved nano magnetic fluid with additive has good resistance to settle the micron sized iron particle up to 10 hours. Originality/value: To prepare a low cost magnetorheological fluid with nano additives like nickel particles along with fillers as graphene nano particles. With this addition of nickel and inclusion of graphene, the sedimentation problem in magnetorheological fluids is significantly reduced. This magnetorheological fluids can be used in brakes and dampers of automobiles.

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Origin and significance of early-diagenetic calcite concretions and barite from Silurian black shales in the East European Craton, Poland

Bojanowski Maciej J., Kędzior Artur, Porębski Szczepan J., Radzikowska Magdalena

Acta Geologica Polonica

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2019

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Vol. 69, no. 3

403--430

EN

The Silurian Pelplin Formation is a part of a thick, mud-prone distal fill of the Caledonian foredeep, which stretches along the western margin of the East European Craton. The Pelplin Formation consists of organic carbon-rich mudstones that have recently been the target of intensive investigations, as they represent a potential source of shale gas. The Pelplin mudstones host numerous calcite concretions containing authigenic pyrite and barite. Mineralogical and petrographic examination (XRD, optical microscopy, cathodoluminoscopy, SEM-EDS) and stable isotope analyses (δ13Corg, δ13C and δ18O of carbonates, δ34S and δ18O of barite) were carried out in order to understand the diagenetic conditions that led to precipitation of this carbonate-sulfide-sulfate paragenesis and to see if the concretions can enhance the understanding of sedimentary settings in the Baltic and Lublin basins during the Silurian. Barite formed during early diagenesis before and during the concretionary growth due to a deceleration of sedimentation during increased primary productivity. The main stages of concretionary growth took place in yet uncompacted sediments shortly after their deposition in the sulfate reduction zone. This precompactional cementation led to preferential preservation of original sedimentary structures, faunal assemblages and earlydiagenetic barite, which have been mostly lost in the surrounding mudstones during burial. These components allowed for the reconstruction of important paleoenvironmental conditions in the Baltic and Lublin basins, such as depth, proximity to the detrital orogenic source and marine primary productivity. Investigation of the concretions also enabled estimation of the magnitude of mechanical compaction of the mudstones and calculation of original sedimentation rates. Moreover, it showed that biogenic methane was produced at an earlydiagenetic stage, whereas thermogenic hydrocarbons migrated through the Pelplin Formation during deep burial.

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Wpływ oczyszczania soków z oddzieleniem osadu po defekacji wstępnej na wybrane parametry soku rzadkiego

Konka-Kozioł W.

Technologia i Jakość Wyrobów

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2014

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R. 59

61--66

PL

W artykule opisano badania nad wpływem oczyszczania soków surowych metodą z zastosowaniem osadu po defekacji wstępnej na parametry soku rzadkiego: czystość, szybkość sedymentacji, zawartość soli wapniowych oraz zabarwienie. Na podstawie badań określono zalety stosowania metody w porównaniu z klasyczną metodą oczyszczania jako optymalnego wariantutechnologicznego. Wariant ten umożliwia otrzymanie soku o wysokiej czystości i szybkości sedymentacji oraz zmniejszenie zużycia wapna, obniżeniu zawartości soli wapniowych oraz obniżeniu zabarwienia oczyszczonego soku.

EN

The article describes research of juice purification effects by method using sediment after preliming to parameters of thin juice: purity, settling rate, lime salts and color. Research presents the advantages of the method compared to the classical method of purification . This method allows to obtain the thin juice of high purity and settling rate, reduce lime salts and color.

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Comparative investigation of flocculative ability of linear polyacrylamide and polyacrylamide grafted to dextran or dextran sulphate backbone

Konko Y., Kutsevol N., Bezugla T., Syromyatnikov V.

Proceedings of ECOpole

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2008

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Vol. 2, No. 2

337--341

EN

Dextran-graft-polyacrylamide and Dextran Sulphate-graft-polyacrylamide copolymers have been tested as flocculation aids in model kaolin suspensions in comparison with linear Polyacrylamides of the similar molecular weight. According to the sedimentation rate and the final sediment volume the graft copolymers are more effective flocculants than the linear polyacrylamides. According to the supernatant liquid clarity the copolymersare proved to be rather similar to the linear homopolymer. The supernatant clarity is inversely related to the length of the grafts. Due to the most expanded macromolecular conformation in solution the copolymer based on Dextran-Sulphate backbone is the most efficient for water clarification.

PL

Porównano wpływ kopolimeru Dextran-graft-poliakryloamid i siarczanu Dextran-graft-poliakryloamidu oraz liniowego poliakryloamidu o liniowej strukturze i podobnej masie molowej na kłaczkowaniemodelowej zawiesiny kaolinowej. Biorąc pod uwagę szybkość sedymentacji i końcową objętość osadu, kopolimery okazały się być efektywniejszymi flokulantami niż liniowe poliakryloamidy. Klarowność cieczy nad osadem była podobna przy zastosowaniu polimeru i kopolimeru. Zauważono odwrotną zależność pomiędzy odległościamimiędzy wszczepieniami i klarownością cieczy nad osadem. Ze względu na złożoną konformację makromolekuły w roztworze kopolimer z siarczanem Dextran-graft-poliakryloamidu jest najefektywniejszy przy oczyszczaniu wody.