Wyniki wyszukiwania - BazTech

1

Sztuka wywiadu a sztuka wojny : rola szpiegostwa i informacji wywiadowczych w dziełach strategów i teoretyków wojny

Kamiński Mariusz Antoni

Wiedza Obronna

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2023

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nr 4

PL

Współczesny wywiad narodził się w XIX wieku i stał się ważną instytucja państwa podczas I wojny światowej. Jednak szpiegostwo i inne formy działalności wywiadowczej występował również we wcześniejszych epokach historycznych oraz różnych cywilizacjach i kulturach. Wykorzystanie informacji zdobywanych przez szpiegów i informatorów, a także gromadzone podczas zwiadu wojskowego, były szczególnie istotne w działaniach militarnych. W artykule zaprezentowano jak stratedzy i teoretycy wojny odnosili się do wykorzystania informacji wywiadowczych w sztuce wojennej. W tym celu przeanalizowano dzieła literackie różnych autorów począwszy od czasów starożytnych po XIX wiek. Znaleźli się wśród nich zarówno twórcy, których publikacje zaliczane są współcześnie do kanonu sztuki wojennej (jak m.in. Sun Tzu, Clausewitz, Fryderyk II), jak też mniej znani autorzy zajmujący się strategią działań militarnych (m.in. Kautilya, Nizām Al-Mulk, al-Ansari, Thiébault, Jomini).

EN

Modern intelligence was born in the 19th century and became an important state institution during World War I. However, espionage and other forms of intelligence activities also occurred in earlier historical eras and various civilizations and cultures. The use of information obtained by spies, as well as collected during military reconnaissance, was important in military operations. The article presents how strategists and war theorists referred to the use of intelligence information in the art of war. For this purpose, literary works of various authors were analyzed, from ancient period to the 19th century. The article includes authors such as: Sun Tzu, Kautilya, Nizām Al -Mulk, al-Ansari, Frederick II, Clausewitz, Thiébault, and Jomini.

2

Fighting and Victory as Basic Terms in Agonistics and Praxeology and the Art of War

Wołejszo Jarosław, Malasiewicz Konrad

Safety & Defense

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2021

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3

1--9

EN

Questions of how to overcome problems are probably the basic questions of fighters. Answers to them, from a historical perspective, the principles of martial art have been provided. These provisions, often mutually exclusive, raise questions related to the scientific approach to this issue. The scientific specialty dealing with the issue of combat is agonistics. This article is devoted to the presentation of the main concepts of agonistics and the general combat theory. In the first section, the author searches for an answer to the question whether an agonist meets the basic criteria of a scientific theory. The second section is devoted to the presentation of its main category, which is the concept of struggle. The last chapter refers to the purposeful cause of this theory represented by the concept of victory. This article confronts praxeological and sociological content with concepts characteristic of martial arts, and its main idea is to harmonize divergent insights on the phenomenon of struggle and victory, the main categories of agonistics. The research used theoretical (analysis, synthesis, comparison, inference and generalization) and empirical methods have been used. Additionally, a diagnostic survey has included the expert interview technique. The research results are presented in individual subsections of the article.

3

Operational Warfare in War College and War Studies University

Parafianowicz Ryszard

Kwartalnik Bellona

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2019

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Nr 2

17--29

EN

Having own operational warfare based on deeply rooted domestic military culture and positively verified combat cases, being now historical experiences inspiring next generations, is one of the foundations of the armed forces. Polish art of war in the 20th century developed freely in the Second Republic of Poland: it was a period, when the foundations for Polish operational art were established. Poland, in consequence of a betrayal by its western allies, after World War II found itself in the Soviet zone of influences, and this meant breaking up with the achievements of the Second Republic of Poland, including the art of war. Regaining Independence at the break of 1989/1990 was a distinct turning point in the development of the art of war, and meant the necessity to search for new solutions adequate for the challenges stemming from contemporary geopolitical location, as well as from its defense self-sufficiency. This required a new outlook on operational warfare. The following turning point was the membership in North-Atlantic Alliance and the participation of the Polish Armed Forces in stabilization operations in the Balkans, Iraq, and Afghanistan. Both in the Second Republic of Poland and today, military education of command and staff professionals had a significant impact on Polish operational art.