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Developing the inoculation procedure for high-quality cast iron with flake graphite, intended for large-size casting (bottom or distance plates and counterweights) – produced in Krakodlew Foundry S.A.

Guzik Edward, Świątkowski Adrian, Szczęsny Andrzej, Kopyciński Dariusz, Mirek Piotr, Piotrowski Krzysztof

Technical Transactions

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2023

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Vol. 120, iss. 1

art. no. e2023009

EN

This article presents the first part of the research on the production of large-sizecastings, such as bottom plates and counterweights produced in the KrakodlewS.A. foundry. Castings of this type are not complicated in terms of construction butmust meet certain requirements, namely to be able to withstand the effects of hightemperature and associated stresses, or to have specific dimensions and weight inthe case of counterweights. In both cases, the most common method of formingcastings is horizontal moulding. However, this requires a lot of time for machiningthe finished castings. Forming heavy castings in a vertical orientation, although muchmore problematic, can mean that the amount of time required for machining may bereduced. The research presents the effect of overheating temperature on the effectsof inoculation with the Zircinoc inoculant, in which it was shown that increasing thetemperature by fifty degrees increased the amount of eutectic grains by around11–15%.

2

Èffektivnostʹ primeneniâ mikrobiologičeskih preparatov pri vyraŝivanii pšenicy ozimoj

Vinyukov Oleksandr, Chuhrii Hanna, Poplevko Viktor

Journal of Research and Applications in Agricultural Engineering

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2021

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Vol. 66, nr 1

30--35

RU

В статье приведены теоретическое обобщение и новое решение научной задачи, которая заключается в научном обосновании и разработке агротехнологических мероприятий повышения зерновой продуктивности растений пшеницы озимой с учетом морфобиологических особенностей сорта, его реакции на применение микробиологических препаратов с целью повышения эффективности выращивания и стабилизации валовых сборов зерна в регионе. Установлено, что инокуляция семян микробиологическими препаратами положительно сказалась не только на формировании биометрических показателей растений пшеницы озимой, но и улучшало физиологические процессы, такие как накопление хлорофилла в листьях. Условия осенней вегетации растений озимых в годы проведения исследований способствовали наращиванию содержания хлорофилла в вегетативных частях растений. Так, на время прекращения осенней вегетации все варианты, где применяли инокуляцию семян обеспечили увеличение содержания хлорофилла по сравнению с контролем от 0,3 мг/г а.с.в. до 0,6 мг/г а.с.в. Среди вариантов выделились те, где к препарату Меланориз добавлялись ГумиФренд или ХелпРост. Исследованиями доказано, что использование микробиологических препаратов в технологиях выращивания озимой пшеницы способствует усилению поступления питательных веществ к растениям, стимулирующим развитие растений в течение вегетации, и, как следствие, повышает показатели структуры урожая. Наряду с вариантами, где использовали инокуляцию семян, варианты с опрыскиванием посевов также повлияли на длину колоса обеспечив прибавку к контрольному варианту на 4,1%, за счет опрыскивания посевов в фазу кущения и на 6,9% при опрыскивании посевов в фазу флагового листа препаратом ГумиФренд. Установлено, что за годы проведения исследований, наиболее существенная прибавка урожайности была при инокуляции семян препаратом Меланориз (12,5%). В результате многолетних исследований усовершенствованы существующие приемы выращивания озимой пшеницы за счет внедрения новых агротехнических мероприятий, которые позволяют в условиях восточной части Северной Степи полнее реализовывать генетические особенности нового сорта озимой пшеницы

EN

The article presents a theoretical generalization and a new solution to a scientific problem, which consists in the scientific substantiation and development of agrotechnological measures to increase the grain productivity of winter wheat plants, taking into account the morphobiological characteristics of the variety, its response to the use of microbiological preparations in order to increase the efficiency of cultivation and stabilize the gross grain yield in the region. It was found that the inoculation of seeds with microbiological preparations had a positive effect not only on the formation of biometric indicators of winter wheat plants, but also improved physiological processes, such as the accumulation of chlorophyll in the leaves. The conditions of autumn vegetation of winter crops during the years of research contributed to an increase in the content of chlorophyll in the vegetative parts of plants. So, at the time of the termination of the autumn vegetation, all variants where seed inoculation was used provided an increase in the chlorophyll content in comparison with the control from 0.3 mg/g up to 0.6 mg/g. Among the options stood out those where GumiFrend or HelpRost were added to the Melanoriz. Studies have shown that the use of microbiological preparations in winter wheat cultivation technologies enhances the supply of nutrients to plants that stimulate plant development during the growing season, and, as a result, increases the yield structure indicators. Along with the options where seed inoculation was used, the options with spraying crops also influenced the ear length, providing an increase to the control option by 4.1%, due to spraying crops in the tillering phase and by 6.9% when spraying crops in the flag leaf phase with the GumiFrend. It was found that over the years of research, the most significant increase in yield was when seeds were inoculated with Melanoriz (12.5%). As a result of many years of research, the existing methods of growing winter wheat have been improved through the introduction of new agrotechnical measures, which make it possible to more fully realize the genetic characteristics of a new variety of winter wheat in the conditions of the eastern part of the Northern Steppe.

3

Przyszłość szczepionki przeciw krztuścowi

Pawlak Aleksandra

Laboratorium Medyczne

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2019

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nr 2

35--39

PL

Krztusiec, mimo wielu dekad szczepień, nadal jest aktualnym problemem w zdrowiu publicznym. Szczepionka pełnokomórkowa, wysoce skuteczna, lecz reaktogenna, jest coraz częściej zastępowana przez szczepionki acelularne o znacznie niższej skuteczności, jednak wyższym profilu bezpieczeństwa. Z tego względu trwają badania nad nowymi, bezpiecznymi szczepionkami, które zapewniałyby skuteczną i dłuższą ochronę przeciw pałeczkom Bordetella pertussis. W niniejszej pracy przedstawiono powody braku sukcesów w walce z krztuścem, a także typy nowych preparatów szczepionkowych, nad którymi trwają badania przedkliniczne i kliniczne.

EN

Pertussis, despite many decades of vaccination, is still a current problem in public health. The whole-cell vaccine, highly effective but reactogenic, is increasingly being replaced by acellular vaccines with much lower efficacy, but with a higher safety profile. For this reason, scientists search for new, safe vaccines that would provide effective and longer protection against Bordetella pertussis. This paper presents the reasons for the lack of success in the fight against whooping cough, as well as the types of new vaccines that are undergoing preclinical and clinical studies.

4

Krztusiec - aktualny problem w zdrowiu publicznym

Pawlak A.

Laboratorium Medyczne

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2018

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nr 1

30--33

PL

Krztusiec to groźna choroba dróg oddechowych, której czynnikiem etiologicznym jest Bordetella pertussis. Choroba charakteryzuje się długotrwałym, napadowym kaszlem. Meczący kaszel może prowadzić do ciężkich powikłań, z których część kończy się śmiercią pacjenta. Grupą najbardziej narażoną na najpoważniejsze konsekwencje krztuśca są noworodki, a głównym rezerwuarem bakterii są dorośli. Szczepienia ochronne są najskuteczniejszą metodą walki z krztuścem. Ze względu na coraz wyższy odsetek osób uchylających się w Polsce od szczepień oraz ze względu na niewystarczającą skuteczność szczepionek acelularnych, w Polsce zaobserwowano wzrost zachorowań na krztusiec. Skuteczna immunizacja, obejmująca dawki przypominające u osób dorosłych, w tym ciężarnych, jest kluczem do walki z krztuścem.

EN

Pertussis is an acute infectious disease caused by Bordetella pertussis. Characteristically, the main symptom of the disease is long-lasting rapid cough. Pertussis can lead to serious complications, which can cause death. The main risk group are newborns. The reservoirs of the bacteria are mainly adults. Vaccination is the best way to fight pertussis. However, due to an increasing number of unvaccinated people in Poland and also due to insufficient effectiveness of acellular vaccines, an increase in pertussis cases in Poland has been observed. Effective vaccination, with booster vaccination in adults, including pregnant women, is a key strategy in the fight against pertussis.

5

Response of pulses to seed or soil application of rhizobial inoculants

Martyniuk S., Kozieł M., Gałązka A.

Ecological Chemistry and Engineering. S

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2018

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Vol. 25, nr 2

323--342

EN

In micro-plot experiments growth, nodulation and seed yields of pea, yellow lupine and soybean grown in a soil colonized by high populations of pea and lupine rhizobia and low population of soybean rhizobia as influenced by seed or soil application of rhizobial inoculants were studied. The studied inoculation method had no significant effects on root nodule numbers, plant growth at the flowering stage and on seed yields of pea and yellow lupine in comparison to uninoculated control treatments. In the case of soybean seed and soil inoculation with soybean rhizobia (Bradyrhizobium japonicum) resulted in a significant increase of nodulation intensity, fresh and dry mass of shoots at the flowering stage as well as pod numbers and soybean seed yields at harvest. Soybean grown on plots in which soil was inoculated with the symbiotic bacteria gave seed yield by about 57 % higher as compared to that of soybean grown from seed inoculated with the rhizobia and by 169 % higher than when this crop was grown on the control (uninoculated) plots.

6

Analysis of Immunotherapy Models in the Context of Cancer Dynamics

Szymańska Z.

International Journal of Applied Mathematics and Computer Science

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2003

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Vol. 13, no 3

407-418

EN

A basic mathematical model of the immune response when cancer cells are recognized is proposed. The model consists of six ordinary differential equations. It is extended by taking into account two types of immunotherapy: active immunotherapy and adoptive immunotherapy. An analysis of the corresponding models is made to answer the question which of the presented methods of immunotherapy is better. The analysis is completed by numerical simulations which show that the method of adoptive immunotherapy seems better for the patient at least in some cases.