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Using total variation method to estimate the permeability model of a gas fingering area in an Iranian carbonate reservoir

Hosseini Mohammad

Acta Geophysica

2021

Vol. 69, no. 3

821--839

A dozen of inversion methods are applied and tested to estimate the permeability of the area where gas-fngering event has taken place in an Iranian carbonate reservoir located southwest of Iran. In a previous work, the gas-fingering event was detected by inverting the 3D seismic data and in this study the permeability model in that area is estimated. Because the lateral area of the gas-fingering event is narrow, the whole system conducting the injected gas can be considered as one rock unit system and therefore the assumption of horizontal linear steady-state fow can be applied. Inversion methods are exploited to determine the permeability in the interval of interest. The interval of interest is located at the crest and involves four wells among which one is the gas-injection well. To investigate the feasibility of such an approach and select the best possible inversion method, frst a controlled experiment for the system is designed and studied. The porosity values of the system are known from seismic data inversion and the permeability values are the desired parameters. The permeability values at well locations are known via well-test data and are used as constraints in the inversion procedure. The interval of interest is discretized and a simulator is used to simulate the fuid fow in the controlled system in order to apply and validate the inversion methods. All calculations are performed in the MATLAB environment. According to the results from the controlled experiment, the Maximum Entropy and Total Variation methods were found to be the best two inversion methods which were successful in retrieving the true permeability model. Similar comparative study using diferent inversion methods is performed for the real case for which the results retrieved by the Total Variation method is most reliable as it suggests the best recovery of the permeability value for the check-well. An estimation of the fracture permeabilities for the area under study also indicated that the inverted permeability values are most representing the fracture permeabilities rather than the matrix. The results of this study will be used to tune the feld simulation model in terms of rock and fuid properties, consider the inverted permeability model as further constraints for the reservoir history-matching of the oil feld, reconsider the factors involving the gas injection plan for the oil feld, and obtain insights for further feld development plans in other nearby oil felds.

Ocena możliwości stosowania reguły mieszanin do oszacowania przepuszczalności azotu betonu wysokowartościowego

Tracz T.

Cement Wapno Beton

2018

R. 21/83, nr 4

308--316

W artykule przedstawiono wyniki badań 18 wysokowartościowych betonów cementowych o mocno zróżnicowanym składzie. Czynnikami zmiennymi składu były: rodzaj cementu (CEM I 42,5 R; CEM II/A-V 42,5 i CEM III A 42,5 N), wskaźnik w/c (0,30 i 0,40) oraz ilość zaczynu (240, 300 i 360 dm3/m3). Czynnikiem stałym było bazaltowe kruszywo grube. Badaniom doświadczalnym przepuszczalności poddano betony, zaczyny i bazalt, z którego wykonane było kruszywo grube. Badania prowadzono metodą RILEM-Cembureau przy przepływie azotu. Próbki wszystkich badanych materiałów znajdowały się w stanie suchym. Po przyjęciu kilku założeń upraszczających przepuszczalność betonów szacowano także na podstawie reguły mieszanin, jako średnią ważoną przepuszczalności zaczynu i kruszywa grubego. Przeprowadzone analizy statystyczne wykazały, że w przypadku betonów wysokowartościowych możliwe jest wystarczająco dokładne szacowanie ich przepuszczalności na podstawie znanych objętościowych udziałów zaczynu i kruszywa grubego. Dokładność tę można zwiększyć uwzględniając rodzaj cementu, z jakiego wykonany został beton.

The article presents the results of tests of 18 high-performance cement-based concretes with very diverse compositions. Composition variables included the cement type (CEM I 42.5 R, CEM II/A-V 42.5 and CEM III A 42.5 N), the w/c ratio (0.30 and 0.40) and the amount of cement paste used (240, 300 and 360 dm3/m3). On the other hand, coarse basalt aggregate was used in each case. The concretes, cement pastes and basalt of which the coarse aggregate consisted were subjected to permeability tests. The tests were conducted using the RILEM-Cembureau method (for nitrogen flow). Specimens of all materials tested were in a dry state. After adopting several simplifying assumptions, concrete permeability was also estimated on the basis of the rule of mixtures as the weighted average permeability of cement paste and coarse aggregate. The statistical analyses conducted demonstrated that in the case of high-performance concretes, it is possible to sufficiently accurately estimate their permeability on the basis of known volumetric proportions of cement paste and coarse aggregate. This accuracy can be increased even more it the type of cement from which the concrete was made is taken into account.