Wyniki wyszukiwania - BazTech

1

Analysis of the environmental impact of the vertical parking solution using life cycle assessment

Baran Jolanta, Żabińska Iwona

Zeszyty Naukowe. Organizacja i Zarządzanie / Politechnika Śląska

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2023

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z. 169

91--104

EN

Purpose: The purpose of this article is to present the results of an analysis of the environmental impact of an innovative vertical parking solution, the so-called smart parking lot. Design/methodology/approach: The Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) method was used for the analysis. The study was conducted in accordance with the recommendations of ISO 14040/44. Calculations were carried out using SimaPro software and the Ecoinvent database. Findings: The analysis identified significant issues in the life cycle of a smart parking lot, i.e., parameters indicating the greatest potential environmental impact of the solution, in categories such as climate change, ozone depletion, carcinogenesis, eutrophication, acidification, use of mineral and metal resources, and fossil fuels. Practical implications: The results presented can be taken into account at the stage of developing eco-innovative technical solutions. Originality/value: The problem of an insufficient number of parking spaces forces the search for optimal urban, economic and environmental solutions for the construction of parking lots. Research results presented in the article represent the first phase of a broader project on the analysis of the environmental impact of selected parking solutions.

2

Framework for Increasing Eco-efficiency in the Tofu Production Process: Circular Economy Approach

Hartini Sri, Azzahra Faradhina, Purwaningsih Ratna, Ramadan Bimastyaji Surya, Sari Diana Puspita

Production Engineering Archives

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2023

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Vol. 29, Iss. 4

452-460

EN

This research aims to design recommendations for improving the tofu production process in Sugihmanik Village. Over 30 tofu small medium enterprises (SMEs) generate solid and liquid waste, which pollutes the river. An eco-efficiency strategy was implemented and began by identifying the tofu production process. The life cycle assessment (LCA) method and the SimaPro software were used to calculate eco-cost and eco-efficiency levels. Based on the calculations, the eco-cost value per batch is USD 10.76. If 30 batches are produced daily, the eco-cost value in one of the tofu SMEs is USD 9.10. Tofu production has an eco-efficiency index (EEI) value of 0.12. This value shows that tofu products are only affordable but have yet to be sustainable. The researchers then recommend using biogas from wastewater treatment to replace rice husks and corncobs. This study also develops a circular economy framework in the tofu production system. The output is expected to suppress the discharge of water and solid waste to increase the EEI value of the tofu production process in the future.

3

Environmental analysis of a product manufactured with the use of an additive technology – AI-based vs. traditional approaches

Dostatni Ewa, Dudkowiak Anna, Rojek Izabela, Mikołajewski Dariusz

Bulletin of the Polish Academy of Sciences. Technical Sciences

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2023

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Vol. 71, nr 1

art. no. e144478

EN

This paper attempts to conduct a comparative life cycle environmental analysis of alternative versions of a product that was manufactured with the use of additive technologies. The aim of the paper was to compare the environmental assessment of an additive-manufactured product using two approaches: a traditional one, based on the use of SimaPro software, and the authors’ own concept of a newly developed artificial intelligence (AI) based approach. The structure of the product was identical and the research experiments consisted in changing the materials used in additive manufacturing (from polylactic acid (PLA) to acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS)). The effects of these changes on the environmental factors were observed and a direct comparison of the effects in the different factors was made. SimaPro software with implemented databases was used for the analysis. Missing information on the environmental impact of additive manufacturing of PLA and ABS parts was taken from the literature for the purpose of the study. The novelty of the work lies in the results of a developing concurrent approach based on AI. The results showed that the artificial intelligence approach can be an effective way to analyze life cycle assessment (LCA) even in such complex cases as a 3D printed medical exoskeleton. This approach, which is becoming increasingly useful as the complexity of manufactured products increases, will be developed in future studies.

4

Environmental impact of construction. Methods of conscious shaping architecture in terms of ecological solutions

Cudzik Jan, Jakub Kruk

Przestrzeń i Forma

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2022

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nr 50

121--136

EN

Shaping an ecologically conscious society is a process that also affects architecture. Currently, designers are eagerly looking for solutions that are beneficial in terms of carbon footprint. For the proper multi-criteria assessment and selection of adequate solutions, it is necessary to use appropriate tools such as, for example, the Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) method or the rules of ecological certification (BREEAM and LEED). The work presents a review of tools and methods for the objective selection of ecological solutions in the process of architectural design.

PL

Kształtowanie świadomego w kontekście ekologii społeczeństwa jest procesem, który wpływa również na architekturę. Obecnie projektanci chętnie poszukują rozwiązań korzystnych pod względem śladu węglowego. W celu właściwej wielokryterialnej oceny i doboru adekwatnych rozwiązań niezbędne jest korzystanie z odpowiednich narzędzi takich jak na przykład metoda Life Cycle Assesment (LCA), czy reguł certyfikacji ekologicznej (BREEAM oraz LEED). W pracy dokonano przegląd narzędzi i metod obiektywnego wyboru rozwiązań ekologicznych w procesie projektowania architektonicznego.

5

Analysis of environmental consequences occurring in the life cycle of a retail facility

Tomporowski Daniel, Markiv Taras

Budownictwo i Architektura

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2022

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Vol. 21, no 4

5--12

EN

The increasing importance of environmental protection issues has recently forced a low–emission approach to investment processes. To accomplish the European Union's climate, energy and environmental goals, action is needed to achieve high levels of energy efficiency and low environmental damage. Among the energy–intensive sectors, construction deserves a distinction due to its leading share in gross energy consumption in developed countries. Therefore, it is necessary, and at the same time more and more popular, to analyse the environmental loads generated in individual phases and throughout the life cycle of building objects. This subject is also gaining importance in the context of the recent increases in the prices of energy carriers, which forces the search for new construction and exploitation solutions in line with the philosophy of sustainable development and the circular economy. The aim of the analysis was to assess the environmental consequences in the life cycle of a real commercial building located in Janikowo (Kuyavian–Pomeranian Voivodeship), which was carried out using the LCA (Life Cycle Assessment) methodology. The obtained results indicated the dominance of the facility exploitation phase in the level of cumulative environmental loads.

6

Impact world+ a new method for life cycle assessment

Idzikowski Adam, Cierlicki Tomasz, Bałdowska-Witos Patrycja, Piasecka Izabela

Quality Production Improvement - QPI

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2021

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Vol. 3, Iss. 1

77--83

EN

With the IMPACT WORLD+ life cycle impact assessment methodology, the impact of a facility's life can be analysed. All midpoint scores are expressed in units of substance and refer to twenty-one damage categories. The distinctive feature of this method is its regionalized nature covering the whole world, which distinguishes it from other methods that deal with selected geographical regions. The IMPACT WOLRD+ method, like other methods, emphasises which factors have a high impact on human health and which factors have a negligible share. The new method also introduced new indicators that were not included in other methods.

7

Life cycle-based classification as a simplified approach for improving the environmental impact of products

Joachimiak-Lechman Katarzyna, Lewandowska Anna, Matuszak-Flejszman Alina

Zeszyty Naukowe. Organizacja i Zarządzanie / Politechnika Śląska

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2019

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z. 137

63--79

EN

The present article touches upon the topic of LCA simplifications within the scope of data inventory for the purposes of life cycle analysis of selected products. The paper’s main objective was to define the features of products for which the calculation of the simplified environmental indicators may be recommended. The selected products differed in many aspects, and they could be generally classified into two separate groups: active products, which require energy to fulfil their function, and passive products, which do not need an energy supply. On the basis of the presented active products, it has been established that the key issue during their classification should be mass per unit and operational mode. The features of the analysed active use-intensive products include: low mass per unit, relatively short life cycle related to intensive use, possibility for fulfilment of functions without additional material flows and operation with constant AC power supply. A simplified LCA should be recommended at the first stage of project planning, when there are many versions/conceptions of a given product and when a full LCA is virtually impossible. In light of the above-mentioned, simplified environmental indicators would be the first filter for the versions of a new product being considered. Thanks to the proposed approach, the designer is able to categorise the tested product and will be aware of any potential critical points of its life cycle (hot spots).

8

Life cycle assessment of cobalt extraction process

Farjana Shahjadi Hisan, Huda Nazmul, Mahmud M. A. Parvez

Journal of Sustainable Mining

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2019

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Vol. 18, iss. 3

150--161

EN

This paper presents the results of an investigation carried out on the impacts of cobalt extraction process using a life cycle assessment by considering a cradle-to-gate system. Life cycle inventory data was collected from the EcoInvent and Australian Life cycle assessment database (AusLCI) and analysis were performed using SimaPro software employing the International Reference Life Cycle Data System (ILCD) method, and Cumulative Energy Demand method (CED) for per kg of cobalt production. Several impact categories are considered in the analysis i.e. global warming, ozone depletion, eutrophication, land use, water use, fossil fuels, minerals, human toxicity, ecotoxicity, and cumulative energy demand. The analysis results indicate that among the impact categories, eutrophication and global warming impacts are noteworthy. Medium voltage electricity used in cobalt production and the blasting operation appears to be causing most of the impact and emission into the environment. The sensitivity analysis was carried out using three different case scenarios by altering the electricity generation sources of UCTE (Synchronous Grid of Continental Europe) to investigate the proportional variation of impact analysis results. Furthermore, the impacts caused by cobalt production are compared with nickel and copper production processes to reveal their relative impacts on the environment and ecosystems.

9

Environmental life cycle assessment of septic tanks in urban wastewater system : a case study for Poland

Burchart-Korol Dorota, Zawartka Paweł

Archives of Environmental Protection

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2019

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Vol. 45, no. 4

68--77

EN

Results of life cycle inventory (LCI) and life cycle assessment (LCA) for septic tanks collecting domestic sewage were presented. The study included the whole life cycle: construction, use and end-of-life stages of septic tanks. The analyses were conducted basing on actual data concerning performance of 793 septic tanks in Żory. Environmental impact assessment of the life cycle of septic tanks was conducted with TRACi and ReCiPe methods. Greenhouse gas (GHG) emission, eutrophication, fossil fuel depletion and metal depletion indicators were calculated and determinants of LCA of septic tanks were analysed. The system boundary was from cradle to grave. It was concluded that at the construction stage, GHG emission and fossil fuel depletion indicators are determined by the amount of concrete, steel, polyester resin, polyethylene, cast iron and PCV. At the use stage, GHG emission is determined by the amount and type of electricity used to treat sewage in a wastewater treatment plant (WWTP). Untreated wastewater, introduced into the environment (leaking tanks and users discharging sewage), is a determinant of influence on eutrophication. Life cycle inventory and environmental assessment of septic tanks with life cycle perspective are presented in the literature for the first time. The results highlight the importance of including each stage in the environmental assessment of elements of the urban wastewater system.

PL

Przedstawiono wyniki inwentaryzacji cyklu życia oraz oceny cyklu życia zbiorników bezodpływowych służących gromadzeniu ścieków bytowych w warunkach krajowych. Analizy obejmowały cały cykl życia: etap budowy, eksploatacji oraz etap wycofania z eksploatacji zbiorników bezodpływowych. Analizy zostały wykonane w oparciu o rzeczywiste dane dotyczące funkcjonowania 793 zbiorników bezodpływowych w Żorach. Ocena oddziaływania na środowisko została przeprowadzona metodą ReCiPe, oraz TRACI. Analizy obejmowały ocenę emisji gazów cieplarnianych, wpływu na eutrofizację, wyczerpania paliw kopalnych oraz metali. Granica systemu obejmowała cały cykl życia zbiorników. Stwierdzono, że na etapie budowy zbiorników emisje gazów cieplarnianych, wyczerpanie paliw kopalnych determinowane są ilością zużytego betonu, stali, żywicy poliestrowej, polietylenu, żeliwa i PCV Emisja gazów cieplarnianych na etapie eksploatacji zbiorników determinowana jest ilością i rodzajem zużytej energii elektrycznej do oczyszczenia ścieków na zbiorczej oczyszczalni. Determinantem wpływu na eutrofizację są ścieki nieoczyszczone trafiające do środowiska, spowodowane nieszczelnością zbiorników oraz niekontrolowanymi zrzutami ścieków przez użytkowników. Inwentaryzacja cyklu życia zbiorników bezodpływowych oraz ich ocena środowiskowa zostały przedstawione w literaturze po raz pierwszy. Uzyskane wyniki podkreślają znaczenie włączenia każdego etapu do oceny środowiskowej elementów systemu oczyszczania ścieków komunalnych.

10

Determinants of environmental assessment of Polish individual wastewater treatment plants in a life cycle perspective

Burchart-Korol Dorota, Zawartka Paweł

Archives of Environmental Protection

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2019

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Vol. 45, no. 3

44--54

EN

The article presents results of an input-output data inventory and life cycle assessment (LCA) for individual wastewater treatment plants (IWWTPs), considering their whole life cycle, including the stage of construction, use and end-of-life. IWWTPs located in the area of a medium-sized town in Poland, were assessed from a systemic perspective. The research was conducted basing on actual data concerning performance of 304 individual wastewater treatment plants in Żory. Environmental assessment was conducted with ReCiPe and TRACI methods. Greenhouse gases (GHG) emission, eutrophication, fossil fuel and metal depletion were calculated. The LCA was conducted basing on ISO 14040 standard with SimaPro 8 software and Ecoinvent 3 database. The system boundary ranged from cradle to grave. It was shown that, at the construction stage, GHG emission depends on the amount of used cement, polyethylene, concrete, PVC and polypropylene. At the use stage, the GHG emission is determined by the sewage treatment technology and application of a bio-reactor in IWWTPs. At the construction stage, the fossil fuel depletion is determined by the amount of used polyethylene, PVC, cement, polypropylene and concrete; while the metal depletion is determined by the amount of used stainless steel, copper and cast iron. Data inventory and LCA of IWWTPs are presented for the fi rst time. Conclusions of the work may support decisions taken by local governments concerning wastewater management in their area and promote and support solutions of high ecological standards.

PL

W artykule przedstawiono wyniki inwentaryzacji danych oraz środowiskowej oceny cyklu życia (LCA) indywidualnych oczyszczalni ścieków (IWWTP), z uwzględnieniem całego ich cyklu życia, w tym etapu budowy, użytkowania i wycofania z eksploatacji. IWWTP zlokalizowane na terenie średniej wielkości miasta w Polsce, zostały ocenione z perspektywy cyklu życia. Wykazano, że na etapie budowy IWWTP emisja gazów cieplarnianych jest zależna od ilości użytego cementu, polietylenu, betonu, PCV i polipropylenu. Na etapie budowy zużycie paliw kopalnych zależy od ilości zużytego polietylenu, PCV, cementu, polipropylenu i betonu; natomiast zużycie metali zależy od ilości użytej stali nierdzewnej, miedzi i żeliwa. Na etapie użytkowania determinantami emisji gazów cieplarnianych są technologia oczyszczania ścieków i zastosowanie bioreaktora w IWWTP. Dane inwentaryzacyjne i analiza cyklu życia IWWTP są prezentowane po raz pierwszy w literaturze. Wnioski z pracy mogą służyć do podejmowania decyzji przez samorządy dotyczących gospodarki wodno-ściekowej na ich terenie oraz promowania i wspierania rozwiązań proekologicznych.

11

Technika oceny cyklu życia jako narzędzie wsparcia do określenia wpływu wytwarzania energii cieplnej na środowisko

Dzikuć M.

Przemysł Chemiczny

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2018

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T. 97, nr 4

584--586

PL

Zaprezentowano technikę LCA (life cycle assessment), która może skutecznie wspomóc procesy decyzyjne związane z wyborem kotłów służących do ogrzewania budynków. Ogrzewanie budynków przyczynia się w znacznym stopniu do zanieczyszczenia powietrza, również przez substancje chemiczne. Ponadto przedstawiono procedurę realizacji LCA oraz omówiono poszczególne jej etapy. Wskazanie bardziej ekologicznych kotłów pozwoli osiągnąć nie tylko korzyści ekologiczne, ale i ekonomiczne.

EN

A review, with 30 refs., of decision-making processes for selection of ecol. and economic boilers used for heating of buildings.

12

Management of disused lead-acid batteries in the context of the eco-balance analysis

Kamińska E. S.

Journal of KONES

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2018

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Vol. 25, No. 1

197--203

EN

The article describes the results of the eco-balance analysis of the disused lead-acid batteries recycling technology. The analysis will be made using the life cycle assessment (LCA) method. The analysis was developed using the SimaPro7.3.3. software. The life cycle assessment (LCA) was made using Ecological Scarcity and IMPACT2002 + methods. The results are shown as environmental points [Pt], which reflect the potential level of environmental burdens exerted by the analysed object. The results are presented in the environmental categories, which are grouped in the impact categories. For the Ecological Scarcity method, these are emission into air, water, soil, energy, and natural resources and deposited waste. For the IMPACT2002 + method: human health, climate changes, ecosystem quality and resources consumption. The boundaries of the system under investigation include the processes of mechanical battery scrap processing, desulfurization and crystallization processes (PI), the melting processes to obtain crude lead and refining processes (PII and PIII). As the functional unit, there was accepted 1 Mg of the processed battery scrap. Particular attention was paid to the airborne emission, which adversely affect human health and climate change. The technology for which the tests were conducted offers the possibility to recover other elements, for example, secondary lead, polypropylene and sulfuric acid as crystalline sodium sulphate.

13

Eco-investments - life cycle assessment of different scenarios of biomass combustion

Nitkiewicz T., Ociepa-Kubicka A.

Ecological Chemistry and Engineering. S

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2018

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Vol. 25, nr 2

307--322

EN

The article presents the results of life cycle assessment of different scenarios of biomass use to produce energy in a selected company. The study is made on the case of Lesaffre Polska S.A. and its facility in Wolczyn which is one of the most modern biomass plants in Central Europe. The company is one of the leaders of using the environmental criteria in its strategic decision-making. Its goal is to avoid any waste and to form its own circular business system. One of its recent investments is a biomass fired steam boiler that uses agricultural and woody biomass to produce energy. Previously, biomass was sold to power plant and co-fired with coal. The scope of the paper is to assess the actual change in the environmental impact of biomass use in the Wolczyn facility. For that purpose, the life cycle assessment is used with the ReCiPe endpoint indicator. The assessment is based on the comparison of two scenarios: one assuming the biomass combustion in a new boiler, and the second one, assuming co-firing biomass with coal. The results of the study show that the investment is making a significant difference as far as the overall environmental impact is. Through avoiding the co-firing related emissions the company makes a big step ahead towards the decrease of their environmental impacts. The analysis shows that the significant impact in the co-firing scenario is posed in such categories as fossil depletion, climate change with impacts on human health and on ecosystems, particulate matter formation and agricultural land occupation. In the biomass combustion scenario, the above categories are complemented with metal depletion, natural land transformation, urban land occupation and human toxicity categories but with 4 times decrease of the overall impact. The study also shows that the change of the combustion system makes the most significant difference, while all the other factors, like biomass cultivation and processing, biomass transport have much lesser impact.

14

Advanced lifetime assessment of steam turbine components based on long-term operating data

Banaszkiewicz M., Radulski W., Dominiczak K.

Archive of Mechanical Engineering

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2018

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Vol. LXV, nr 4

579--597

EN

The paper presents a new method of lifetime calculations of steam turbine components operating at high temperatures. Component life is assessed on the basis of creep-fatigue damage calculated using long-term operating data covering the whole operating period instead of representative events only. The data are analysed automatically by a dedicated computer program developed to handle big amount of process data. Lifetime calculations are based on temperature and stress analyses performed by means of finite element method and using automatically generated input files with thermal and mechanical boundary conditions. The advanced lifetime assessment method is illustrated by an example of lifetime calculations of a steam turbine rotor.

15

Energy efficiency of steel buildings

Broniewicz M.

Ekonomia i Środowisko

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2017

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nr 4

18--28

EN

The aim of this paper is to investigate the environmental credentials of steel buildings and to present the environmental impact categories and values in a steel housing activity through a case study of steel office building. In this framework, a life cycle assessment (LCA) methodology was applied, which provides an understanding of the overall environmental performance of a housing construction. The relative influence of the service lives of different building components compared to the energy use of the buildings with a different energy efficiency is presented. As the analysis showed, recycling of construction waste becomes a critical issue, which can ensure a number of environmental benefits. The aim of this research activity was also to point out the need for an integrated approach in the design process, combining environmental performance assessment with structural calculations. Environmental impact assessment of the construction activity was carried out, following the inventory listing, in order to reach to useful conclusions on the environmental study of the project. Although steel and concrete proved to be responsible for the negative environmental impacts the ability of reuse and recyclability of steel has decreased the negative impacts of steel construction on environmental burdens.