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1

Measuring Trustworthiness in Neuro-Symbolic Integration

Agiollo Andrea, Omicini Andrea

Annals of Computer Science and Information Systems

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2023

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Vol. 35

1--10

EN

Neuro-symbolic integration of symbolic and subsymbolic techniques represents a fast-growing AI trend aimed at mitigating the issues of neural networks in terms of decision processes, reasoning, and interpretability. Several state-of-the-art neuro-symbolic approaches aim at improving performance, most of them focusing on proving their effectiveness in terms of raw predictive performance and/or reasoning capabilities. Meanwhile, few efforts have been devoted to increasing model trustworthiness, interpretability, and efficiency - mostly due to the complexity of measuring effectively improvements in terms of trustworthiness and interpretability. This is why here we analyse and discuss the need for ad-hoc trustworthiness metrics for neuro-symbolic techniques. We focus on two popular paradigms mixing subsymbolic computation and symbolic knowledge, namely: (i) symbolic knowledge extraction (SKE), aimed at mapping subsymbolic models into human-interpretable knowledge bases; and (ii) symbolic knowledge injection (SKI), aimed at forcing subsymbolic models to adhere to a given symbolic knowledge. We first emphasise the need for assessing neuro-symbolic approaches from a trustworthiness perspective, highlighting the research challenges linked with this evaluation and the need for ad-hoc trust definitions. Then we summarise recent developments in SKE and SKI metrics focusing specifically on several trustworthiness pillars such as interpretability, efficiency, and robustness of neuro-symbolic methods. Finally, we highlight open research opportunities towards reliable and flexible trustworthiness metrics for neuro-symbolic integration.

2

StarCraft agent strategic training on a large human versus human game replay dataset

Krištofík Štefan, Malík Peter, Kasáš Matúš, Neupauer Štefan

Annals of Computer Science and Information Systems

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2020

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Vol. 21

391--399

EN

Real-time strategy games are currently very popular as a testbed for AI research and education. StarCraft: Brood War (SC:BW) is one of such games. Recently, a new large, unlabeled human versus human SC:BW game replay dataset called STARDATA was published. This paper aims to prove that the player strategy diversity requirement of the dataset is met, i.e., that the diversity of player strategies in STARDATA replays is of sufficient quality. To this end, we built a competitive SC:BW agent from scratch and trained its strategic decision making process on STARDATA. The results show that in the current state of the competitive environment the agent is capable of keeping a stable rating and a decent win rate over a longer period of time. It also performs better than our other, simple rule-based agent. Therefore, we conclude that the strategy diversity requirement of STARDATA is met.

3

Multilingual knowledge base completion by cross-lingual semantic relation inference

Bebeshina-Clairet Nadia, Lafourcade Mathieu

Annals of Computer Science and Information Systems

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2019

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Vol. 18

249--253

EN

Highly structured knowledge bases such as lexical semantic networks contain various connectivity patterns that can be learned as node features using dedicated frameworks. However, semantic relations are often unequally distributed over such knowledge resources. Some of the language partitions may benefit from integrating structured resources which are more easily available for resource-rich languages. In the present paper, we propose a simple endogenous method for enhancing a multilingual knowledge base through the cross-lingual semantic relation inference. It can be run on multilingual resources prior to semantic representation learning. Multilingual knowledge bases may integrate preexisting structured resources available for resource-rich languages. We aim at performing cross-lingual inference on them to improve the low resource language by creating semantic relationships.

4

Knowledge extraction and applications utilizing context data in knowledge graphs

Dörpinghaus Jens, Stefan Andreas

Annals of Computer Science and Information Systems

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2019

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Vol. 18

265--272

EN

Context is widely considered for NLP and knowledge discovery since it highly influences the exact meaning of natural language. The scientific challenge is not only to extract such context data, but also to store this data for further NLP approaches. Here, we propose a multiple step knowledge graph based approach to utilize context data for NLP and knowledge expression and extraction. We introduce the graph-theoretic foundation for a general context concept within semantic networks and show a proof-of-concept based on biomedical literature and text mining. We discuss the impact of this novel approach on text analysis, various forms of text recognition and knowledge extraction and retrieval.

5

Systemy Smart Cities – studium przypadku

Orłowski C.

Zeszyty Naukowe Politechniki Poznańskiej. Organizacja i Zarządzanie

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2014

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Nr 63

163--169

PL

W artykule przedstawiono architekturę szyny integracyjnej wykorzystywanej w budowie systemu informatycznego przetwarzającego potężne zasoby danych na potrzeby podejmowania decyzji w Urzędzie Miejskim w Gdańsku. Na wstępie omówiono kluczowe z punktu widzenia wytwarzania szyny procesy: instalacji środowiska wytwarzania, podłączenia bazy danych, opracowania mechanizmów przepływu oraz prezentacji danych. Procesy prezentacji wsparto modelami KPI (ang. key processes identifier) oraz SOP (ang. simple operating procedures) (także podłączonymi do szyny). W podsumowaniu wskazano na problemy budowy szyn integracyjnych, a zwłaszcza procesów: trasowania, konwersji i obsługi zdarzeń.

EN

This paper presents the architecture of an enterprise service bus used in the construction of information systems processing large amounts of data for decision-making needs at the City Hall in Gdansk. The first part presents the key processes of bus development: installation of developing environment, database connection, flow mechanisms and data presentation. Developing processes were supported by models such as KPI (Key Processes Identifier) and SOP (Simple Operating Procedures) (also connected to the bus). The summary indicates problems in bus construction, especially processes such as routing, conversion, and handling of events.

6

A decision support system for alternative project choice based on fuzzy neutral networks

Relich M.

Management and Production Engineering Review

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2010

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Vol. 1, No. 4

46-54

EN

The paper aims to present possibilities of management support by more precise estimates of critical tasks in projects through the use of intelligent techniques. In this paper a case is considered in which the client is forced to change the project specification after commencement of investment. To minimize the loss, the client may attempt to find other alternative solutions to complete the project. In view of expenditure and investment in progress, a group of alternative projects that fulfill the assumed constraints (e.g. financial and temporal) is sought. To support the choice of alternative projects, estimates of critical tasks within the project are calculated, using intelligent techniques as well as traditional statistical methods. The results are determined using the database of past projects that are found in the information systems of the enterprise.

7

Model i system rozmyty zarządzania zespołami projektowymi realizującymi przedsięwzięcia informatyczne oraz ocena procesów wytwarzania systemów opartych na wiedzy

Kowalczuk Z., Orłowski C.

Studia z Automatyki i Informatyki

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2002

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T. 27

27-52

PL

Celem pracy jest budowa samonastrajalnego modelu rozmytego zarządzania przedsięwzięciami informatycznymi, który będzie wykorzystywany do wspomagania wytwarzania systemów opartych na wiedzy. Realizacja takich systemów, traktowanych według COCOMO jako osadzone, przysparza kierownikom zespołów projektowych wielu problemów wynikających z ograniczonej znajomości dziedziny przedmiotowej, z braku narzędzi informatycznych do pozyskiwania i implementacji wiedzy oraz koordynacji współpracy ekspertów i inżynierów wiedzy. Z tych powodów poszukiwane są rozwiązania, które będą wspomagać procesy zarządzania przedsięwzięciami, a w szczególności zmianami, ryzykiem i czasem realizacji. Proponowany model jest odpowiedzią na takie zapotrzebowanie. Bazuje on na rozwiązaniach opartych na wiedzy oraz teorii systemów dynamicznych i zbiorów rozmytych. W szczegółowej konstrukcji wykorzystano wiedzę dotyczącą zarządzania rzeczywistymi przedsięwzięciami informatycznymi (PATRIC i ECOSIM), która pozwoliła na dostrojenie modelu w zakresie konstrukcji reguł baz wiedzy oraz funkcji przynależności. Wiedzę pozyskaną z realizacji trzeciego z projektów (SUTRA) wykorzystano do weryfikacji rozwiązania, m.in. do sprawdzenia mechanizmów jego samonastrajania. Zbadano stopień prawdziwości reguł oraz przeprowadzono ocenę reguł sprzecznych. Wykorzystano specyfikę przedsięwzięcia informatycznego polegającą na dokonywaniu zmian w metodach i narzędziach informatyki jedynie w początkowej, głównej i końcowej fazie przedsięwzięcia, co pozwoliło na budowę funkcji przynależności na podstawie metody klasteryzacyjnej. W metodzie tej bada się położenie środków ciężkości klastrów i stosownie do nich modyfikuje się odpowiednie parametry funkcji przynależności. Opracowany model rozmyty stanowi podstawę do konstrukcji systemu wspomagającego podejmowanie decyzji w przedsięwzięciach informatycznych wytwarzania systemów opartych na wiedzy.

EN

The aim of the paper is to construct the self adjusting fuzzy model of the software engineering management, which is going to aid the creation of knowledge based systems. Realization of such systems, which COCOMO treats as embedded, creates problems for managers of project teams. This, in turn, is connected with a limited knowledge on the subject matter, lack of IT tools for the acquisition and implementation of knowledge, as well as with difficulties in co-ordination of the cooperation between experts and engineers. Therefore new solutions that aid the project management processes, especially those related to the changes, risk and time of realization, are sought in this paper. Our suggested model, based on knowledge and fuzzy sets, offers an effective solution to the above problems. While building the system, the knowledge concerning a practical management of real software systems (PATRIC, ECOSIM) has been applied as real-world conditioning data in tuning of the model, building knowledge-base rules and membership functions. The knowledge obtained as a result of realization of another project (SUTRA) has been used in a procedure of verifying the obtained solution, checking suitability of its mechanisms, and tuning its parameters. The degrees of veracity of the rules have been studied, and conflicting rules have been assessed. Unique characteristics of software undertakings with respect to grouping the measurement data (of the changes in the management) into 3 project phases have been utilized in the design. Such an approach has enabled a simple application of clustering methods in constructing the membership function. In this procedure the locations of centers of gravity are studied and, according to their changes, the membership function is modified. The suggested fuzzy model treats software projects as a source of knowledge, which can be used for carrying out other projects. The model presents the mechanism of the acquisition, implementation and use of knowledge. It can be useful in designing new IT tools based on the experts' knowledge and in aiding the assessment of decision scenarios - in the case of undesirable changes in the realization process, taking into account the risk connected with the project completion in the assumed time horizon and at assumed financial costs.

8

Oparta na wiedzy ekspertowej metoda tłumienia typowych zakłóceń technologicznych w piecach oporowych komorowych

Kucharski J.

Zeszyty Naukowe Politechniki Świętokrzyskiej. Elektryka

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2000

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Z. 36

87-94

PL

Artykuł prezentuje prostą metodę tłumienia wystepujących w procesach elektrotermicznych zakłóceń o charakterze impulsywnym, do których należy otwarcie drzwi pieca oporowego komorowego. Proponowany algorytm bazuje na ekspertowych regułach, których treść powstaje w wyniku analizy aktualnego stanu obiektu, charakteru zakłócenia i intuicyjnego sposobu reakcji na nie doświadczonego operatora. W artykule przedstawiono rozważania teoretyczne, analizę symulacyjną oraz wyniki eksperymentalne.

XX

The paper presents a method of damping of pulse type disturbances appearing in electroheat processes in many typical technological operations. Door opening of chamber electric furnace is considered as an example of such a disturbance. The simple rule-based control algorithm, incorporating heuristic control rules and knowledge of the plant and disturbance itself is proposed. The accuracy of the algorithm is analysed using the squared error performance index. Some simulations and experimental results are given.