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1

Pre-Taghanic (Lower to lower Middle Givetian) brachiopods from Miłoszów in the Holy Cross Mountains (Poland)

Baliński Andrzej, Halamski Adam T.

Annales Societatis Geologorum Poloniae

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2023

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Vol. 93, No. 1

3--102

EN

Sixty-eight brachiopod species are reported from the upper part of the Skały Formation at Miłoszów (Łysogóry Region of the Holy Cross Mts., central Poland) on the basis of over 2,200 specimens. The fauna is Early to early Middle Givetian in age (timorensis to rhenanus/varcus conodont zones) and thus predates the Middle Givetian Taghanic Bioevent. One new genus and three new species are described. Leiocyrtia Baliński gen. nov. (type species: Leiocyrtia rara Baliński gen. et sp. nov.; Spiriferida, Cyrtiidae) is characterised by a non-costate shell with prominent sulcus and fold and capillate microornament. Undispirifer sidoniae Halamski and Baliński sp. nov. is characterised by transverse shells and dense ribbing. Moravilla andreae Baliński and Halamski sp. nov. is characterised by relatively coarse radial capillate ornament and is the first representative of the genus outside the type species from the Givetian of Moravia. The most abundant species are: Spinulicosta cf. spinulicosta, Antirhynchonella linguiformis, Pentamerelloides davidsoni, Peratos beyrichi, Plectospira ferita, Spinatrypa wotanica (confirmed to belong to that genus and not to Spinatrypina), Ambothyris sp., and Echinocoelia dorsoplana. ‘Spirifer’ quadriplicatus Sandberger and Sandberger, 1856, a rare species known from Miłoszów and the Rhenish Massif, is an orthide and belongs to Teichertina. The relationship between Skenidioides polonicus and S. cretus, formerly understood as anagenesis, is re-interpreted as budding cladogenesis. Davidsonia septata is reported as an epizoan on rugosan corals, a relationship never previously observed in representatives of that genus. Brachiopods represent different palaeoecological groupings, from relatively shallow-water taxa (BA3, globetum) to deep-water mud-dwelling ones (BA5, deeper brachiopodetum). The richest beds are M1-IIa (28 brachiopod species), M3-7 (23 species), and M0-9 (22 species). Eighteen species described here were not known previously in the Holy Cross Mountains, so the corrected total number of brachiopod species from the Middle Devonian of the Łysogóry Region is 140.

2

Middle Devonian Foraminifera from the Holy Cross Mountains

Gajewska Maria

Annales Societatis Geologorum Poloniae

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2022

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Vol. 92, No. 4

411--424

EN

The Middle Devonian was an exceptional time for foraminiferal evolution because of the emergence of the first true calcareous multilocular taxa. Despite being key forms for an understanding of the origin of foraminiferal multilocularity, which is one of the most intriguing events in the evolutionary history of the group, they are largely unstudied. These unique foraminifera, including representatives of the genera Cremsia, Moravammina, Pseudopalmula, Semitextularia, and Vasicekia, are presented herein as well as foraminifer-like microfossils of uncertain biological position. The studied material comes from the Middle Givetian strata of the Miłoszów section and the Eifelian part of the Grzegorzowice-Skały section (Holy Cross Mountains, Poland). Described isolated specimens are in an exceptionally good state of preservation on a worldwide scale, which enabled the detailed analysis of test morphologies, complementing previous papers based on less well-preserved material. The suggested systematics of the foraminifera collected attempts to revise scarce taxonomic data that is still under debate, especially the classification of Moravammina, Cremsia, and Vasicekia. The Devonian foraminifers presented were prominent endobenthic and epibenthic inhabitants of common organic coral-stromatoporoid buildups. Palaeobiogeographical records show that during the Middle Devonian, the studied forms extended their exclusive European distribution into further Laurussian shelves and shallow seas, located in the northern and southeastern parts of the Rheic basin. This assumes that such assemblages may be used as palaeoenvironmental indicators. However, at present, their correlative potential is unknown.

3

Middle Devonian brachiopods from northern Maïder (eastern Anti-Atlas, Morocco)

Halamski Adam T., Baliński Andrzej, Koppka Jens

Annales Societatis Geologorum Poloniae

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2022

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Vol. 92, No. 1

s. 1--86

EN

Sixty brachiopod species are reported from the Taboumakhlouf Formation (upper Eifelian) and the Bou Dib Formation (upper Eifelian to Givetian) of Jbel Issoumour, northern Maïder, Anti-Atlas, Morocco, on the basis of collections made by Volker Ebbighausen. The stratigraphy is based on reports of co-occurring trilobite assemblages. The relatively diversified fauna pre-dates the Taghanic event and is dominated in terms of diversity by atrypides and rhynchonellides (11 species each); other frequent species include Poloniproductus varians, Aulacella prisca, Tyersella tetragona, Schizophoria schnuri, Athyris ex gr. concentrica, Yeothyris? sinuata, and Thomasaria simplex. Spinatrypa ennigaldinannae Halamski and Baliński sp. nov. from the upper Eifelian is characterised by a transverse shell, typically 16–18 mm wide with 19–22 ribs. Prodavidsonia ebbigahuseni Halamski and Baliński sp. nov. differs from other representatives of the genus in having nearly flat shells. Eressella coronata Halamski and Baliński, nom. nov. is proposed as a replacement name for the permanently invalid Rhynchonella coronata Kayser, 1871 (non R. coronata Moore, 1861). Thomasaria simplex is documented as being a particularly variable species (costation, tongue, interarea position), so its broad taxonomic treatment is favoured. The brachiopod fauna shows distinct Rhenish affinities (numerous species in common with the Eifel and the Holy Cross Mountains) like the coeval fauna from southern Maïder, described previously. The Middle Devonian brachiopod fauna from the whole Maïder (north, described here and south, described previously) totals 87 species.

4

New records of Tmaegoceras lacordarii (Michelin, 1835) from the Lower Jurassic Arietenkalk Formation of SW Germany and its systematic relationships

Schweigert Günter, Scherzinger Armin, Gräbenstein Stefan

Volumina Jurassica

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2021

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Vol. 19, no. 1

95--108

EN

New material of the enigmatic cosmopolitan ammonite genus Tmaegoceras Hyatt, 1889 is reported from the upper Lower Sinemurian (Bucklandi Zone, ‛cf. pinguisʼ Biohorizon) of SW Germany. It is better preserved than previously described material. All specimens are assigned to Tmaegoceras lacordarii (Michelin, 1835), an almost forgotten subjective senior synonym of Tmaegoceras crassiceps Pompeckj, 1901. The presence of an extreme rursiradiate ribbing style in some specimens allows a better understanding of this genus and provides a hint for its systematic affiliation. This diagnostic ribbing style is shared with some extremely rare Alpine taxa such as Ammonites salinarius Hauer, 1846 and “Arietites” subsalinarius Wähner, 1891. Tmaegoceras is included here in Pseudotropitinae Donovan, 1973. Pseudotropitinae are possibly an early offshoot of Arietitidae indigenous of the Panthalassa Realm that occasionally spread into the Tethys and its adjacent shelves. A phyletic relationship with Late Triassic Tropitidae Mojsisovics, 1875, however, cannot be excluded either.

5

Źródła inspiracji w architekturze - próba systematyki

Kossak Anna

Builder

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2021

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R.25, nr 6

69--71

PL

Źródła poszukiwania inspiracji w twórczym projektowaniu architektonicznym są różne. Mogą to być: kontekst miejsca, obiekty powstałe w różnych okresach historycznych, w różnych stylach, dzieła innych architektów współczesnych, nowatorskie rozwiązania konstrukcyjne, ale też sztuka, czyli obrazy, utwory muzyczne, albo procesy biologiczne, wytwory świata przyrody ożywionej oraz nieożywionej, wzory, wykresy i moduły matematyczne, reguły oraz zasady geometrii, albo też zabawa płaszczyzną i prostymi bryłami geometrycznymi, ich komponowanie, poszukiwanie relacji w przestrzeni, lub ich przekształcanie, deformowanie, multiplikowanie. Artykuł jest próbą przedstawienia trzech autorskich, różnych możliwości usystematyzowania oraz podziału tych źródeł na: matematyczne i niematematyczne oraz na świadome i nieuświadomione (podświadome), a także bezpośrednie i pośrednie (abstrakcyjne). Prezentuje też literaturę tematu na gruncie rodzimym - w Polsce.

EN

There are various sources of seeking inspiration in creative architectural design. Sources of inspiration can be: context of place, objects created in different historical periods, in different styles, works of other contemporary architects, innovative construction solutions, but also art, i.e. paintings, musical pieces, or biological processes, products of the world of animate and inanimate nature, formulas, diagrams and mathematical modules, rules and principles of geometry, or playing with a plane and simple geometric figures, composing them, searching for mutual relations in space, or their transformation, deformation, multiplication. The article is an attempt to present three authorial different possibility of systematizing and dividing these sources into: mathematical and non-mathematical, and into conscious and unconscious (subconscious), as well as direct and indirect (abstract). It also presents literature on the subject on the native ground - in Poland.

6

Enterprise Modeling: From Digital Transformation to Digital Ubiquity

Fill Hans-Georg

Annals of Computer Science and Information Systems

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2020

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Vol. 21

1--4

EN

While digital transformation is still a challenge for many companies when introducting digital technologies in existing processes and business models, digital ubiquity stands for the next step in digitalization. It characterizes the omnipresence of a large range of digital technologies, connectivity, and data as well as entirely digital organizations. This includes for example upcoming technologies such as distributed ledgers, artificial intelligence or augmented reality and according interfaces and data sources as well as decentralized apps and autonomous organizations. The challenge thus becomes to optimally deal with these opportunities and deploy them efficiently in business scenarios. In this paper we will investigate the role of enterprise modeling under this paradigm and how it can contribute to a well-structured, systematic understanding of complex digital phenomena for supporting business and technological decisions.

7

Middle Devonian uncinuloids (Brachiopoda, Rhynchonellida) from North Africa and Central Europe

Halamski Adam T., Baliński Andrzej, Jansen Ulrich

Annales Societatis Geologorum Poloniae

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2020

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Vol. 90, No. 1

51--73

EN

The paper includes a taxonomic revision of four externally similar Middle Devonian rhynchonellide species from northwestern Africa (Maïder, Tindouf Syncline) and Central Europe (Eifel, Bergisches Land, Holy Cross Mts.), considered in recent papers as representatives of Kransia Westbroek, 1967 or Nalivkinaria Rzhonsnitskaya, 1968. All four possess a septalium and a multilamellate cardinal process, the assignment to Nalivkinaria, having a bifid cardinal process, is therefore clearly inappropriate. Lebanzuella? issoumourensis (Drot, 1971) is present in the Givetian of Africa; two subspecies, L.? issoumourensis issoumourensis from Jbel Issoumour and L.? issoumourensis smarensis ssp. nov. from Western Sahara, are distinguished by their biometric characteristics. The other two species are included in Kransia (Fatimaerhynchia) subgen. nov. differing from Kransia (K.) in the presence of a septalium; the occurrence of such a variable structure is considered to be justification for distinction at the subgenus level. Kransia (Fatimaerhynchia) goldfussii (Schnur, 1853) is an Eifelian species. Kransia (Fatimaerhynchia?) aff. goldfussii from the Givetian of Bilveringsen is a separate species (larger, more transverse, more strongly ornamented), which is not described because of insufficient material. Kransia (Fatimaerhynchia) signata (Schnur, 1851) is present in the Middle Devonian of Jbel Issoumour, the middle Eifelian of the Eifel and the (upper?) Givetian of the Holy Cross Mountains.

8

Eressella, a new uncinuloid brachiopod genus from the Middle Devonian of Europe and Africa

Halamski A. T., Baliński A.

Annales Societatis Geologorum Poloniae

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2018

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Vol. 88, No. 1

21--35

EN

Eressella, a new genus of rhynchonellide brachiopods belonging to the superfamily Uncinuloidea Rzhonsnitskaya, 1956, is described with Rhynchonella coronata Kayser, 1871, as the type and only species. It is characterised by a dorsibiconvex profile with a resupinate ventral valve, costae rounded posteriorly, but acute and developing ventrally directed spur-like protuberances anteriorly, small dental cavities, cardinal process multilobed posteriorly and massive anteriorly, and the presence of a septalium and thick dorsal median septum. Given the present state of flux in the systematics of the superfamily, it is conventionally placed within the family Uncinulidae Rzhonsnitskaya, 1956, although similarities with the subfamily Betterbergiinae Savage, 1996 and the family Eucharitinidae Sartenaer, 2015 are also noted. Eressella coronata, hitherto the only representative of the genus, is known from the Eifel Hills (Eifelian, mainly middle Eifelian), from central Poland (especially from the Eifelian of the Holy Cross Mts.), and from the Moroccan Anti-Atlas (late Eifelian to early Givetian, details uncertain).

9

Oxfordian brachiopods from the Saïda and Frenda mountains (Tlemcenian Domain, north-western Algeria)

Halamski A. T., Cherif A.

Annales Societatis Geologorum Poloniae

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2017

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Vol. 87, No. 2

141--156

EN

Five brachiopod species are reported from two middle to upper Oxfordian (Late Jurassic) outcrops, situated in the Saïda and Frenda mountains (Tlemcenian Domain, north-western Algeria) and belonging to the heterochronous (Callovian to Oxfordian, locally to the Kimmeridgian) Argiles de Saïda Formation (Saïda Clay Formation). The upper Oxfordian (probably Dichotomoceras bifurcatus Zone) outcrop A yielded Dictyothyris kurri and Loboidothyridoidea indet. The middle Oxfordian (Liosphinctes plicatilis Zone, Cardioceras vertebrale Subzone) outcrop B yielded Monticlarella rollieri, Karadagithyris boullierae sp. n., and Zittelina sp.; this is the first report of the last-mentioned genus from Africa. Karadagithyris boullierae sp. n. is a link between previously known Bajocian to Bathonian (Callovian?) Karadagithyris s.s. and Tithonian to Lower Cretaceous species, formerly segregated as Svaljavithyris; the latter is considered herein as synonym of Karadagithyris. It is characterised by a plano-uniplicate anterior commissure and a suberect beak. The adult loop of Zittelina is confirmed as bilacunar (kingeniform) and not diploform (campagiform). The bulk of the assemblages comprises small and either smooth or finely ornamented species and thus represents a low-energy environment. The lack of modern revisions of the reported species in their type areas is the reason why only Dictyothyris kurri may be used as an index species for the middle to late Oxfordian.

10

Cladotanytarsus molestus Hirvenoja, 1962 in Poland : toward the identification of bioindicative Tanytarsini (Diptera: Chironomidae)

Puchalski M., Zimny F., Giłka W.

Oceanological and Hydrobiological Studies

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2016

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Vol. 45, No. 3

316--323

EN

A rare chironomid species, Cladotanytarsus molestus Hirvenoja, 1962, collected at Lake Straszyńskie (the drinking water reservoir for the city of Gdańsk), was recorded from Poland for the first time. The adult male of the species is redescribed, and intraspecific morphological variations of diagnostic structures are presented in detail. Data on the species’ biology are also provided.

11

A Bajocian (Middle Jurassic) marine gastropod assemblage from the Badamu Formation, Central Iran

Ferraris M., Binazadeh T., Kaim A.

Annales Societatis Geologorum Poloniae

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2016

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Vol. 86, No. 3

329--340

EN

Nine species of gastropods are reported from the Bajocian (Middle Jurassic) part of the Badamu Formation of Central Iran. This is the first report of a gastropod assemblage of this age from the shelves of the Kimmerian Continent. Seven species belong to the Vetigastropoda and two to the Caenogastropoda. Two new species, the pleurotomariid Bathrotomaria iranica sp. nov. and the eucyclid Eucycloidea badamuensis sp. nov., are described. The remaining species are left in open nomenclature owing to poor preservation. The composition of the gastropod association is strongly reminiscent of other Tethyan gastropod faunas, in particular those from the southern shores of the Tethys (India and Arabia) and from southern Europe. This indicates a relatively uniform distribution of gastropod faunas along the Middle Jurassic shores of the western Tethys.

12

Jurassic ammonites of the Wulong area, Tingri County, Tibet

Morton N., Meister Ch., Ruellau L., Shi X.

Volumina Jurassica

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2015

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Vol. 13, no. 2

1--21

EN

The Jurassic succession west of Wulong village, Tingri County, southern Tibet, is described. Lithostratigraphical classification uses pre-existing terminology for formations, and an informal subdivision into members is proposed. An important structural dislocation, in the form of a small-scale flower structure, affects the Zhamure Formation straddling the Triassic/Jurassic boundary but does not affect the underlying Derirong Formation (Rhaetian) or the overlying Wulong Formation (Lower Jurassic). No other major structural discontinuities could be recognised. New finds of ammonites in situ include a new genus and species of possible schlotheimiid, Womalongiceras inflatum, with a probable age of Sinemurian or slightly younger. Two separate beds yielded rich assemblages of crushed ammonites identified as Nyalamoceras nyalamensis Chao and Wang (1956) here interpreted as a hammatoceratid. The age of these is reinterpreted as uppermost Aalenian on the basis of an accompanying specimen of ?Pseudolioceras (Tugurites) sp. nov. and poorly preserved ammonites from higher beds identified as graphoceratids (?Graphoceras).

13

Materiały budowlane na bazie drewna – obecny stan wiedzy i możliwości stosowania

Kram D.

Przegląd Budowlany

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2015

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R. 86, nr 6

52--56

PL

Drewno jako materiał budowlany znany jest człowiekowi odkąd zaczął budować własne schronienia. Na przełomie milionów lat nauczyliśmy się go stopniowo obrabiać, by następnie wraz z rozwojem wiedzy zacząć wnikać w jego strukturę i uporządkowanie, wykorzystując coraz bardziej jego zalety i wyszukując mu coraz to nowsze obszary zastosowań. Z tego też względu drewno nie jest już dziś jedynie prostym w pozyskiwaniu materiałem budowlanym, ale stało się ono dla nas surowcem, materiałem wyjściowym do produkcji innych użytecznych człowiekowi wyrobów. W Polsce materiał ten mimo, że wraca do łask, swoje lata świetności chwilowo ma za sobą, natomiast świat nadal odkrywa go na nowo, dając mu coraz nowsze obszary zastosowań.

EN

Wood as a building material has been known to mankind since people started to build their own shelters. Over millions years human gradually learned to shape wood and later, with the development of knowledge, began to learn also its structure. People have tried to take advantages of wood parameters and have searched for new application areas for this material. Therefore nowadays, the wood is not only a simple, easy to acquire building material, but also becomes the starting material for the production of other useful products. In Poland, despite the fact that now wood is slowly coming back into favor, its glory years have already passed. On the other hand the world still finds it again and gives the wood newer areas of application.

14

Mesozoic spores of Poland – a revision of selected taxa

Waksmundzka M.

Biuletyn Państwowego Instytutu Geologicznego

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2014

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nr 460

25-87

EN

The study presents a taxonomic analysis of 44 taxa from the Mesozoic deposits of Poland. The spores have been ordered in a systematic way. Variability in interpretations of similar morphological or typical features of individual taxa have been presented. In case of same species the influence of the postdepositional processes on the morphological features of spores have been suggested.

PL

Analizowano taksonomicznie 44 taksony z utworów mezozoiku Polski. Uporządkowano je według sztucznej systematyki. Przy opisie niektórych taksonów spor zasugerowano wpływ czynników postdepozycyjnych na ich cechy morfologiczne.

15

Systematic and palaeoecological study of Miocene terrestrial gastropods from Zwierzyniec (southern Poland)

Stworzewicz E., Prisyazhnyuk V. A., Górka A.

Annales Societatis Geologorum Poloniae

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2013

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Vol. 83, No. 3

179--200

EN

While the marine molluscs from Sarmatian deposits of the Carpathian Foredeep Basin are known in general, there is a paucity of data on the terrestrial gastropods. Recently, a rich assemblage of terrestrial snails, accompanied by freshwater species, was found in Zwierzyniec, in the north-western, marginal part of the Carpathian Foredeep. Among the 38 taxa recognised, there are 22 species found in Poland for the first time; a new clausiliid species Triloba magurkai Stworzewicz sp. nov. is described. Freshwater gastropods (nine Lymnaeidae species and two Planorbidae species) were presented elsewhere. The malacofauna comprises aquatic and typical hygrophilous elements from coastal wetland habitats, some xerophilous species from dry, open environments, and gastropods from an adjacent subtropical woodland.

16

Middle Devonian brachiopods from the southern Maїder (eastern Anti-Atlas, Morocco)

Halamski A. T., Baliński A.

Annales Societatis Geologorum Poloniae

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2013

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Vol. 83, No. 4

243--307

EN

Sixty-two Middle Devonian brachiopod species are described on the basis of >1300 specimens from the Taboumakhlof Formation (and subordinately probably also from the top of the El Otfal Formation) at Madne el Mrakib (middle to late Eifelian or early Givetian?), Aferdou el Mrakib (late Eifelian to middle Givetian), and Guelb el Maharch (early Givetian) on the southern edge of the MaÎder Syncline (eastern Anti-Atlas, Mo- rocco). Representatives of Craniida (2 taxa), Strophomenida (5), Productida (2), Orthotetida (2), Orthida (5), Pentamerida (5), Rhynchonellida (9), Atrypida (14), Athyridida (7), Spiriferida (9), and Spiriferinida (2) are present. The fauna is dominated quantitatively by the Atrypida (24% of taxa, about the half of specimens, and the commonest species Atryparia dispersa making up about 13% of the material); the Rhynchonellida (16% of taxa, about one-sixth of specimens) are the second largest order. A new genus of the family Pugnacidae (order Rhynchonellida), Paulinaerhynchia, is proposed with the type species P. paulinae gen. et sp. nov. from Maharch; it is closest to Pugnax, from which it differs in distinct costation, lack of a dorsal septum and septalium, and rudimentary dental plates. Desquamatia (D.) deserti sp. nov., a large and finely costate representative of the genus, is described also from Maharch. Antirhynchonella and Glosshypothyridina are reported for the first time or con- firmed to be present in the Givetian. Forty (possibly up to 46) species (71 or possibly up to 82% of the taxa identified at the species level) are present also in either Eifel (Germany) or the Holy Cross Mountains (Poland). Such a high ratio of species in common attests to unconstrained faunal exchanges among benthic faunas between the northern and southern shores of the Variscan Sea during the Middle Devonian. This favours the palaeogeo- graphic hypothesis of a narrow Variscan Sea.

17

Systematyka narzędzi do zarządzania bezpieczeństwem infrastruktury drogowej

Jamroz K., Michalski L.

Drogownictwo

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2012

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nr 4

144-152

PL

W ostatnich latach w zarządzaniu bezpieczeństwem ruchu drogowego pojawiło się kilka narzędzi takich jak audyt brd, ocena brd, kontrola brd. Dyskusja prowadzona podczas procedowania ustawy wdrażającej dyrektywę 2008/96/WE wskazała na nieznajomość wśród przedstawicieli stron biorących udział w dyskusji, narzędzi zarządzania bezpieczeństwem infrastruktury drogowej. W artykułe przedstawiono koncepcję usystematyzowania tych narzędzi bazując na dwóch kryteriach: przebiegu cyklu życia obiektu drogowego i procesie zarządzania ryzykiem. Na tej podstawie opracowano macierz działań niezbędnych do skutecznego i efektywnego zarządzania bezpieczeństwem infrastruktury drogowej.

EN

In recent years, a number of tools such as road safety audit, evaluation of road safety, road safety control appeared in road safety management. The discussion that took place during the proceeding of the Act implementing the Directive 2008/96/EC pointed to a large unacquaintance incomprehensions, among the representatives of the parties involved in the discussions, with the tools for road infrastructure safety management. The paper presents a systematic approach of these tools based on two criteria: the course of the life cycle of a road infrastructure and risk management process. The result is an array of activities necessary for effective and efficient road infrastructure safety management.

18

Systematyka podstawowych pojęć w procesie transportowym

Bogdanowicz S.

Logistyka

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2011

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nr 4

PL

Rola i znaczenie przemieszczania. Rodzaje procesów produkcyjnych i dokonujące się w nich fizyczne zmiany postaci przedmiotu działania. Rodzaje działalności przedsiębiorstwa. Brak precyzji sformułowań w literaturze. Definicja pojęcia transport. Transport w procesie wytwórczym, tj. niewyodrębniony, nie realizuje funkcji więzi między nadawcami i odbiorcami. Błędy w podziale środków transportowych i czynności w robotach ładunkowych. Określenie istoty przetwarzania w transporcie. Zasadność stosowania pojęcia przedmiot pracy. Rodzaj przemieszczania podstawą klasyfikacji środków transportowych.

EN

The role and importance of movement. Types of production processes, and changes in physical shape of material. Types of business. Lack of precision in the wording in the literature. Definition of transport. Transportation in the manufacturing process, i.e. not-extracted, which does not perform ties between suppliers and receivers. Errors in systematics of means of transport and types of operations performed in cargo handling. The legitimacy of applying the term: subject work. Type of movement as a base of the classification of vehicles.

19

Bezpieczeństwo uczestników ruchu drogowego (BRD) - identyfikacja zagrożeń i ryzyka w eksploatacji środków transportu

Olejnik K., Woźniak G.

Zeszyty Naukowe / Wyższa Szkoła Oficerska Wojsk Lądowych im. gen. T. Kościuszki

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2010

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Nr 4

200-207

PL

W artykule przedstawiono propozycje usystematyzowania pojęć z zakresu bezpieczeństwa uczestników ruchu drogowego. Systematyka pojęć jest ważnym elementem umożliwiającym rozważania poznawcze otaczającej nas rzeczywistości. Nieprecyzyjne określenia utrudniają zrozumienie i analizę omawianej problematyki oraz porozumiewanie się. Jednym z podstawowych i ważnych celów w eksploatacji środków transportu w ruchu drogowym jest dążenie do zmniejszenia zagrożeń wypadkowych, czyli dążenie do osiągnięcia bezpieczeństwa uczestników ruchu drogowego. Omówiono wybrane elementy wyposażenia wpływające na system bezpieczeństwa czynnego i biernego uczestników ruchu drogowego. Przytoczono skalę klasyfikacyjną ciężkości wypadku.

EN

The article presents proposals for systematizing phraseology related safety of road users. The systematics of definitions is a significant element enabling cognitive considerations concerning the surrounding reality. Inaccurate definitions obstruct understanding and analysis of the problems discussed as well as communication. One of the basic and important purposes while operating a means of transport on the road is striving to decrease the risk of accidents, i.e. to achieve safety of road users. Discussed are selected elements of equipment affecting the active and passive safety system of road users. The classification scale of accident seriousness is quoted

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The myth of the Triassic lytoceratid ammonite Trachyphyllites Arthaber, 1927, in reality an Early Jurassic Analytoceras hermanni Gumbel, 1861

Hoffmann R., Keupp H.

Acta Geologica Polonica

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2010

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Vol. 60, no. 2

219-229

EN

The ammonoid "Trachyphyllites costatum" Arthaber (1927), based on a single specimen from an erratic boulder of presumed Late Triassic (Norian age) from Timor, (Indonesia), was originally described as a phylloceratid but later recognized as a true lytoceratid by Basse (1952) and Schindewolf (1961), and used by Wiedmann (1966a, 1966b, 1970) to support his idea of a polyphyletic origin of the post-Triassic ammonoids and of the Late Triassic roots of the lytoceratids. New collections of additional specimens and associated taxa from other erratic boulders in the type locality have confirmed observations (Tozer 1971; Krystyn 1978) that the age of the original boulder was misinterpreted, and have shown that "Trachyphyllites" is actually of Early Jurassic (Hettangian) age. An unpublished generic revision of the entire superfamily Lytoceratoidea by Hoffmann (2009) has shown that "Trachyphyllites costatum Arthaber" is a junior synonym of Analytoceras hermanni (Gumbel, 1861), a taxon thought by Wahner (1894) to be a subjective synonym of Analytoceras articulatum (J. Sowerby, 1831) We reestablish the species Analytoceras hermanni (Gumbel, 1861) for Analytoceras articulatum "Type B" (Wahner 1894), which is characterized by a wide umbilicus and a small whorl expansion rate. The morphologically distinct "Type A" (Wahner 1894) corresponds to the type species of Analytoceras, A. articulatum (J. Sowerby, 1831). A revised phylogeny of the Early Jurassic lytoceratids is presented.