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Nieorganiczne nanocząstki w medycynie nuklearnej

Kasperek A., Bilewicz A.

Wiadomości Chemiczne

2012

[Z] 66, 7-8

697-714

Rapid and widespread growth in the use of nuclear medicine for both diagnosis and therapy of disease has been the driving force for a design of novel radiopharmaceuticals. Particularly, recent progress in nanotechnology gives the possibility of designing new carriers for delivering radionuclides in a manner to overcome some limitation such as nonspecific biodistribution and targeting, water insolubility, poor oral bioavailability and others. There are several perspective therapeutic and diagnostic radionuclides which cannot be bound to biomolecule via chemical bonds. Nanocarriers gives the opportunity for binding such radionuclides. Nanoparticles have to be designed with an optimal size (above 100 nm) and surface characteristic to easily penetrate the barriers in the body and prevent elimination by reticuloendothelial system. Among nanoparticles which are used for delivery and targeting are polymers, lipids, viruses, organometallic compounds, precious metals or metal oxides. This article presents a brief review of the applications, advantages, difficulties and future perspective of inorganic nanoparticles, which can be used as radionuclide delivery systems. The main direction of developing new nanostructures for nuclear medicine is to create multimodal agents which are suitable for such combined methods as PET /MRI or PET /NIRF. Also combination of diagnostic and therapeutic agents in one nanocontainer is possible.