Wyniki wyszukiwania - BazTech

1

Cybersecurity is more than a Technological Matter – Towards Considering Critical Infrastructures as Socio-Technical Systems

Nowak Veronika, Ullrich Johanna, Weippl Edgar

Applied Cybersecurity & Internet Governance

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2022

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Vol. 1, No. 1

1--6

EN

Cybersecurity is still considered a purely technological challenge; however, despite all technological progress, this challenge remains unsolved – as emphasized by many high-impact attacks against public administration and industry worldwide. We postulate that the mere focus on technology fogs the bigger picture, since people generate, operate, and interact with all technological systems, thus making them socio-technical systems. Hence, in this commentary we argue for a change of perspective towards a holistic, interdisciplinary view on our technological infrastructure. By example of the European power grid – inarguably a critical infrastructure not only for daily life but also for the continuity of our polity – we show that through interpretation as a socio-technical system, systematic and interdisciplinary studies would allow to reveal how its (cyber)security is not only a technological matter. An interdisciplinary approach combining STEM disciplines and Social Sciences would additionally advance the understanding of stakeholders and their goals and mindsets as well as the manifold dependencies between technology and human actors. While interdisciplinary endeavours appear to be generally supported by funding agencies, reviewers, universities, and researchers, they rarely occur in practice. We discuss why this is the case and present ideas on how to facilitate more interdisciplinary research.

2

Selected tools increasing human reliability in the antropotechnical system

Bednarek Marcin, Dąbrowski Tadeusz

Journal of KONBiN

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2020

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Vol. 50, iss. 2

243--264

EN

Distributed control systems (DCS) consist of process stations, operator stations, engineering stations and other elements, which all enable the exchange of data between industrial systems. Process stations are industrial controllers. They manage process control. Operator stations are used for visualisation and operator interactions. Engineering stations are designed for configuration, programming and executing control and visualisation software. Elements of the DCS system are connected by an industrial network. DCS must be properly designed, commissioned, used and operated. There is a human factor in each of these phases of the system's existence. The article discusses software tools that increase human reliability in such a system, made in the visualisation package, i.e. the graphic environment used to visualize the process at the operator’s station.

PL

Rozproszone systemy sterowania (DCS) składają się ze stacji procesowych, stacji operatorskich, stacji inżynierskich oraz pozostałych elementów pozwalających na wymianę danych pomiędzy systemami przemysłowymi. Stacje procesowe są sterownikami przemysłowymi prowadzącymi sterowanie procesami, stacje operatorskie służą do wizualizacji i oddziaływań operatorskich, stacje inżynierskie przeznaczone są do konfiguracji, programowania i uruchamiania programów sterowania oraz wizualizacji. Elementy systemu DCS połączone są za pomocą sieci przemysłowej. DCS należy odpowiednio zaprojektować, uruchomić oraz użytkować i obsługiwać. W każdej z tych faz istnienia systemu mamy do czynienia z czynnikiem ludzkim. W artykule omówiono narzędzia software’owe zwiększające niezawodność człowieka w takim układzie, wykonane w pakiecie wizualizacji, czyli środowisku graficznym wykorzystywanym do wizualizacji procesu na stacji operatorskiej.

3

FRAM modelling of the transfer of control over aircraft

Rutkowska P., Krzyżanowski M.

Zeszyty Naukowe. Transport / Politechnika Śląska

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2018

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z. 101

159--166

EN

Aviation is the fastest growing but also the safest mode of transport. International aviation organizations give the highest priority to safety while creating aviation regulations. Therefore, a safety management system (SMS) has been created. Two approaches to assuring safety in aviation may be distinguished: Safety-I and Safety-II. Safety-I is the standard approach, focused on processing the information about malfunctioning features and system elements. On the other hand, Safety-II is a new approach to safety management, based on identifying the elements or functions of the system that work properly, which enables the system to confirm resilience to undesirable effects. One of the methods utilized for the Safety-II approach in order to study complex sociotechnical systems is the FRAM (functional resonance analysis method). The method is focused on analysing daily activities in various conditions in order to create a model of work performance. The models created based on the FRAM can be used for risk analysis, accident investigations and predicting possible future events affecting aviation safety. This method allows us to simulate system constraints and uncertain states. It can also be used as support for the air traffic safety management processes based on the Safety-II approach. The following article presents a developed FRAM model for the transfer of control over aircraft. This model constitutes an example of a coordination scheme limited to basic activities of air traffic control (ATC) services, providing a general framework for the construction and operation of the FRAM model.

4

Influence of human factor on transport system safety

Woropay M., Bojar P.

Zeszyty Naukowe / Akademia Morska w Szczecinie

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2011

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nr 27 (99) z. 2

100-104

EN

Road transport systems are socio-technical systems of the type Human – Technical object – Environment . In these systems hazards can be caused by: the man C, the technical object OT, and influence of the environment on the technical object and people who are present in the system and its environment. The authors of this paper make an attempt to evaluate the level of threats resulting from intended or not intended actions of people situated in this environment.

PL

Systemy transportu drogowego są systemami socjotechnicznymi typu Człowiek – Obiekt Techniczny – Otoczenie . W systemach tych zagrożenia mogą być stwarzane przez: człowieka C, obiekt techniczny OT oraz przez oddziaływanie otoczenia O na obiekt techniczny i ludzi znajdujących się w systemie oraz w jego otoczeniu. W pracy podjęto próbę oceny poziomu zagrożeń, wynikających z zamierzonych lub niezamierzonych działań ludzi usytuowanych w systemach transportu drogowego oraz ich otoczeniu.

5

Assessment of the level of undesirable actions of people involved in road transport systems and their environments

Woropay M., Bojar P.

Journal of KONBiN

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2008

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No. 5 (8)

241-248

EN

Road transport systems are socio-technical systems of the type Human - Technical object- Environment. In these systems hazards can be caused by: the man C, the technical object OT, and influence of the environment on the technical object and people who are present in the system and its environment. The authors of the paper make an attempt to evaluate the level of threats resulting from intended or not intended actions of people situated in this environment.

PL

Systemy transportu drogowego są systemami socjotechnicznymi typu Człowiek - Obiekt Techniczny - Otoczenie. W systemach tych zagrożenia mogą być stwarzane przez: człowieka C, obiekt techniczny OT oraz przez oddziaływanie otoczenia O na obiekt techniczny i ludzi znajdujących się w systemie oraz w jego otoczeniu. W pracy podjęto próbę oceny poziomu zagrożeń wynikających z zamierzonych lub niezamierzonych działań ludzi usytuowanych systemach transportu drogowego oraz ich otoczeniu.