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1
Content available The dilemmas associated with the development of the EU institutional system
Zajdel Małgorzata, Michalcewicz-Kaniowska Małgorzata
Zeszyty Naukowe. Organizacja i Zarządzanie / Politechnika Śląska
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2019
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z. 139
647--655
EN
The European Union was established in 1993 on the grounds of the Communities existing since the 1950s. During the past 60 years, the EU has formed a cohesive whole, constituting a combination of law, institutions and politics. The Member States are connected not only by common institutions, but also by over 20 000 legal acts that have different impact on the lives of 500 million citizens. The legal and institutional system of the Union is also of great importance in terms of the relations with the world, because, as a sum of member states, has been an economic power and an important model of socio-cultural potential. The aim of this study is to analyze the principles and the mechanisms of the EU institutional system currently in function as well as to identify those principles and mechanisms, which arouse the most controversy and constitute the subject of the discussion on the need to carry out the necessary changes.
2
Content available Wizerunek przywódcy w systemie totalitarnym, autorytarnym i demokratycznym. Analiza porównawcza
Potocki P.
Ekonomia i Zarządzanie
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2010
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Vol. 2, no. 2
61-90
EN
This article focuses on the relations between an image of a political leader and a type of a political system. The models of a political system were used to compare determinants and factors which have an influence on the process of image creation. This theoretical proposal is aimed at a description of the main social and political conditions of the image elements and political system's identity. The function of a leader's image for stability and development of the political system is different for each analysed political system, i.e. totalitarian, authoritarian and democratic systems. In the totalitarian system, the image of a political leader is a kind of communication tool for maintenance of the permanent social mobilization. In the authoritarian system, the process of the image creation allows a political leader to hold control over selected areas of social life. Finally, in the democratic system, a political leader uses his image to enter political and electoral market and establish stable position on them.
3
Content available remote Sektor bezpieczeństwa wewnętrznego : mechanizmy i praktyka zmian
Fehler W.
Nowoczesne Systemy Zarządzania
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2009
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T. 4, nr 1
7--31
EN
The main aim of this article to describe the changes in the most important institutions forming the Internal Security department in the Republic of Poland. It is accompanied by the analysis of the real and potential consequences already (accomplished and neglected) of changes for internal security in the third Republic. The considerations are summed up by the synthetic diagnosis of the current state of affairs and stressing the possible scenarios for further practical changes in future.
4
Content available remote Cerkiew prawosławna w systemie politycznym państwa rosyjskiego
Szynowski R.
Zeszyty Naukowe AON
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2007
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nr 2(67)
103-123
EN
This article presents the influence of the Orthodox Church on the development of the political system in Russia over the centuries. The Author makes a survey of figures (rulers and clerics) from different époques. On the one hand he depicts their influence on the development of Christianity in Russia. On the other hand, he presents the motives they were governed by while they subordinated the Orthodox Church to the central reign of tsars and further rulers of the Russian country. For a thousand years, the Orthodox Church has been co-creating the Russian nationality and culture. It has gone through various vicissitudes but has been closely connected with the country. The Author of the study points at relations between the Orthodox Church and the secular reign. The submission of the Orthodox Church’s hierarchy to the secular reign was the result of a conscious actions taken the tsars - rulers of Russia and later on (in the Communist period) was the result of persecution and unprecedented repressions towards the Orthodox Church. Nowadays, the Orthodox Church in Russia experiences the period of revival. Thanks to the favorable attitude of the establishment ruling the Russian Federation, we can observe a quick development of the Orthodox Church, which is open and willing to cooperate with the establishment and driven by the common ambition to rebuild the former power of Russia.
5
Content available remote Armia w systemie politycznym współczesnego państwa demokratycznego
Pietrzak Andrzej
Wiedza Obronna
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2004
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nr 1
37--74
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