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Utilization of fuel cell energy source for distribution power generation: theory, modeling and review of research work

Zambri N. A., Mohamed A.

Przegląd Elektrotechniczny

2014

R. 90, nr 5

189--200

The energy crisis is one of the most critical phenomena happening in today’s world. The depletion of fossil fuels, the rise in oil prices, and the increase in power demand are the main causes of this problem. Concern over environmental conditions and human health make renewable energy one of the most viable alternative solutions to this crisis. Among various types of renewable energy, fuel cell technology shows a great potential in the electrical energy sector for several reasons, such as high efficiency, clean operation, and immunity to the adverse effects of weather conditions. Recent works prove that fuel cell technology is expected to be a better choice for distributed generation purposes. Distributed generation, which is installed near load centers, can moderate the stress of high electricity demand in the mainstream utility grid. This paper presents an overview of fuel cell technology, with emphasis on fuel cell types, characteristics, and applications. The differences among the various fuel cell types and the dynamic models of each type required for simulation are also discussed. Focus is given to the application of fuel cells in a distributed generation system, the requirements of a fuel cell-based generating system, and issues in distributed generation integration. The present study also discusses the power conditioning unit, which is an important component in the fuel cell-based generating system, as well as its control strategy. Discussion is likewise made on the use of suitable energy storage units for the fuel cell distributed generation system, with regard to battery types and storage control. By adding energy storage units to the fuel cell system, the capabilities of the existing generation system can improve system stability performance.

W artykule zaprezentowano przegląd technologii wytwarzania energii z wykorzystaniem ogniw paliwowych koncentrując się na analizie różnych typów i ich zastosowań. Szczególną uwagę zwrócono na zastosowanie ogniw paliwowych w rozproszonych systemach wytwarzania energii. Analizowano też układ kondycjonowania energii oraz jego sterowanie.

Control of different-rating battery energy storage system interface to a microgrid

Simin P., Gang S., Yunfeng C., Xu C.

Przegląd Elektrotechniczny

2011

R. 87, nr 11

256-262

This paper focuses on different-rating battery energy storage system (BESS) integrated into a microgrid. To improve the power quality and satisfy the requirements of power system, it is necessary to integrate different-rating BESS composed battery modules (BM) and power conditioning system (PCS) into the microgrid. The BESSs can supply suddenly changed loads, especially for sensitive loads that must have uninterruptible power supply. A new control strategy included slack mode control and load mode control is presented to enable the BESSs operate in two operation mode: the free-slack operation mode and the load-sharing operation mode. In the load sharing operation mode,the controller enable various load proportionally shared by two different-rating BESS parallelly operating without communication between them In the free-slack mode operation, the BESSs acting as a free-slack can adequately balance the active and reactive power of the microgrid to maintain the voltage and frequency at point of common coupling (PCC) to a desired level. The advantage of the proposed control method is that the unified controller is employed for the two operation mode without swithing between different controllers. Details of modeling of the BM and PCS and the corresponding control strategy are described. The effectiveness of the BESSs and proposed control method is verified through simulations and experiments.

W artykule omówiono bateryjny system gromadzenia energii BESS zintegrowany w mikrosiecią. W celu poprawy jakości energii łączy się systemy BESS z układami kondycjonowania PCS. System BESS działający jako układ zabezpieczający przed chwilowymi zanikami energii musi cechować się niezawodnością. Zaprezentowano nowa strategię sterowania łączącą tryb łagodny i tryb kontroli obciążenia. Zaletą metody jest że do sterowania stosowany jest zunifikowany kontroler bez potrzeby przełączania między różnymi kontrolerami. Skuteczność c metody potwierdziły symulacje i eksperymenty.