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1

A syntax-semantics interface for Tree-Adjoining Grammars through Abstract Categorial Grammars

Pogodalla S.

Journal of Language Modelling

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2017

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Vol. 5, No. 3

527--605

EN

We present a model of the syntax-semantics interface for Tree-Adjoining Grammars (TAGs). It is based on the encoding of TAGs within the framework of Abstract Categorial Grammars (ACGs). This encoding relies on a functional interpretation of the substitution and adjunction operations of TAGs. In ACGs, the abstract terms representing derivation trees are full-fledged objects of the grammar. These terms are mapped onto logical formulas representing the semantic interpretation of natural language expressions that TAGs can analyze. Because of the reversibility properties of ACGs, this provides a way to parse and generate with the same TAG-encoded grammar. We propose several analyses, including for long-distance dependencies, quantification, control and raising verbs, and subordinate clauses. We also show how this encoding easily extends to other phenomena such as idioms or scope ambiguities. All the lexical data for theses modellings are provided and can be run with the ACG toolkit, a software package dedicated to the development of ACGs that can use these grammars both for parsing and generation.

2

Syntax-driven semantic frame composition in Lexicalized Tree Adjoining Grammars

Kallmeyer L., Osswald R.

Journal of Language Modelling

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2013

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Vol. 1, No. 2

267--330

EN

The grammar framework presented in this paper combines Lexicalized Tree Adjoining Grammar (LTAG) with a (de)compositional frame semantics. We introduce elementary constructions as pairs of elementary LTAG trees and decompositional frames. The linking between syntax and semantics can largely be captured by such construction since in LTAG, elementary trees represent full argument projections. Substitution and adjunction in the syntax then trigger the unification of the associated semantic frames, which are formally defined as base-labelled feature structures. Moreover, the system of elementary constructions is specified in a metagrammar by means of tree and frame descriptions. This metagrammatical factorization gives rise to a fine-grained decomposition of the semantic contributions of syntactic building blocks, and it allows us to separate lexical from constructional contributions and to carve out generalizations across constructions. In the second half of the paper, we apply the framework to the analysis of directed motion expressions and of the dative alternation in English, two well known examples of the interaction between lexical and constructional meaning.

3

About Parallel and Syntactocentric Formalisms: A Perspective from the Encoding of Convergent Grammar into Abstract Categorial Grammar

Groote P., de, Pogodalla S., Pollard C.

Fundamenta Informaticae

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2011

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Vol. 106, nr 2-4

211-231

EN

Recent discussions of grammatical architectures have distinguished two competing approaches to the syntax-semantics interface: syntactocentrism, wherein syntactic structures are mapped or transduced to semantics (and phonology), vs. parallelism, wherein semantics (and phonology) communicates with syntax via a nondirectional (or relational) interface. This contrast arises for instance in dealing with in situ operators. The aim of this paper is threefold: first, we show how the essential content of a parallel framework, convergent grammar (CVG), can be encoded within abstract categorial grammar (ACG), a generic framework which has mainly been used, until now, to encode syntactocentric architectures. Second, using such a generic framework allows us to relate the mathematical characterization of parallelism in CVG with that of syntactocentrism in mainstream categorial grammar (CG), suggesting that the distinction between parallel and syntactocentric formalisms is superficial in nature. More generally, it shows how to provide mildly context sensitive languages (MCSL), which are a clearly defined class of languages in terms of ACG, with a relational syntax-semantics interface. Finally, while most of the studies on the generative power of ACG have been related to formal languages, we show that ACG can illuminate a linguistically motivated framework such as CVG.