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1

Early and Middle Jurassic tectonically controlled deposition in the High-Tatric succession (Tatricum), Tatra Mountains, southern Poland : a review

Łuczyński Piotr

Geological Quarterly

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2021

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Vol. 65, No. 1

art. no. 16

EN

The High-Tatric succession of the Tatra Mountains represents the Tatricum domain of the Central Western Carpathians, which in the Jurassic was located on the southern margin of the incipient and expanding Vahic Ocean – a branch of Western Tethys. This paper describes the various depositional consequences of extensional tectonic activity as it impacted on sedimentation in the High-Tatric succession of the Tatra Mountains during the Early and Middle Jurassic. Evidence of such impacts on depositional style and facies development are present within the Dudziniec, Smolegowa and Krupianka formations, in all the High-Tatric tectonic units. These impacts also include erosional surfaces and sedimentary gaps separating particular formations, commonly associated with minor angular unconformities. The Lower Jurassic, pre-Bajocian, Dudziniec Formation of the Kominy Tylkowe (autochthonous) Unit is developed in mixed carbonate-clastic facies. The occurrence and proportion of sand-dominated and carbonate-dominated facies, as well as their thickness differences, were controlled by syndepositional tilt-block tectonics, taking place both in depositional and in neighbouring source areas. The Smolegowa and Krupianka formations (Bajocian-Bathonian) occur in all High-Tatric tectonic units, but in the Czerwone Wierchy and Giewont units they are represented mainly by laterally discontinuous bodies of crinoidal limestone of very limited thickness. The preservation of these deposits only in some areas, as well as their thickness reductions, are effects of differentiated subsidence and uplift of isolated blocks taking place in an extensional regime. Moreover, the Krupianka Formation abounds in condensed facies with ferruginous crusts and stromatolites – a feature characteristic of rapidly drowning ocean margins. Deposits of the Dudziniec, Smolegowa and Krupianka formations are also preserved as infills of extensive systems of neptunian dykes penetrating mainly the Triassic substrate, which is yet another classic symptom of synsedimentary extension. The dominant influence of tectonics on sedimentary development ceased with the onset of deposition of the Raptawicka Turnia Formation in the Callovian.

2

Paleogene-Neogene tectonic evolution of the lignite-rich Szamotuły Graben

Widera Marek, Stawikowski Wojciech, Uścinowicz Grzegorz

Acta Geologica Polonica

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2019

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Vol. 69, no. 3

387--401

EN

The Szamotuły Graben covers the southernmost part of the Permo-Mesozoic Poznań–Szamotuły Fault Zone. Along this regional discontinuity there are several salt structures, including the Szamotuły diapir, over which an extensional graben formed in the Paleogene and Neogene. The graben is located north of Poznań in central-western Poland, and is NW–SE-trending, ~20 km long, 3–5.5 km wide, and up to 160 m deep. It is filled with Lower Oligocene and Neogene sediments, including relatively thick lignite seams. Data from boreholes allow the assignment of the graben-fill sediments to appropriate lithostratigraphic units. Furthermore, analysis of changes in the thickness of these units provides evidence for periods of accelerated graben subsidence or uplift relative to its flanks. As a result, two distinct stages of tectonic subsidence and one inversion in the Paleogene–Neogene evolution of the Szamotuły Graben have been distinguished. Thus, relatively significant subsidence occurred in the Early Oligocene and the middle Early–earliest Mid-Miocene, while slight inversion took place in the middle part of the Mid-Miocene.

3

The Early Kimmeridgian succession at Kodrąb (Radomsko elevation, central Poland) and its palaeogeographical and palaeotectonic implications

Wierzbowski A., Głowniak E.

Geological Quarterly

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2018

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Vol. 62, No. 3

509--521

EN

The Early Kimmeridgian succession in the Rogaszyn Quarry at Kodrąb (Radomsko elevation) represents mostly shallow-water carbonate platform deposits that, over wide areas of central Poland were controlled by the activity of the tectonic zone being the prolongation of the Holy Cross lineament. The ammonites collected enable precise recognition of ammonite zones – the Platynota and the Hypselocyclum zones, some subzones and horizons. The precise dating enables detailed correlation of the particular units of the succession with those recognized at the eastern and northern borders of the Wieluń Upland and the NW margin of the Holy Cross Mts. The deposits at Kodrąb from the top of the Planula Zone, through the Platynota Zone, up to the lower part of the Hypselocyclum Zone, reveal markedly smaller thicknesses equaling ~15–20% of those of coeval deposits from the adjoining areas. The differences in sedimentary evolution at Kodrąb during the Early Kimmeridgian resulted mostly from local synsedimentary tectonic movements of fault blocks. Beginning from the late Hypselocyclum Chron, these differences markedly diminished, which resulted from the uniform subsidence of a wider area, and disappearance of the shallow-water deposits of the carbonate platforms, being replaced by deeper-water deposits of the Burzenin Formation.

4

The Lower Kimmeridgian of the Wieluń Upland and adjoining regions in central Poland: lithostratigraphy, ammonite stratigraphy (upper Planula/Platynota to Divisum zones), palaeogeography and climate-controlled cycles

Wierzbowski A.

Volumina Jurassica

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2017

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Vol. 15, no 1

41--120

EN

The Early Kimmeridgian of the Wieluń Upland and adjoining regions, after the decline of sedimentation of the deep-neritic sponge megafacies (Częstochowa Sponge Limestone Fm.) and associated limestones and marls with poor benthic fauna (Pilica Fm.) during the Planula Chron, showed the subsequent development of moderately shallow-water biostromal chalky limestones with siliceous sponges and corals, replaced laterally by micritic limestones and marls (Prusicko Fm.) during the Platynota Chron and the earliest Hypse¬locyclum Chron. Towards the north and south shallow-marine carbonate platforms occurred (represented by deposits of the “oolitic” fm.), whereas towards the north-west and west deeper marine facies, represented initially by limestones with siliceous sponges (Częstochowa Sponge Limestone Fm.), and later during the Hypselocyclum Chron by bedded limestones and marls with ammonites (Burzenin Fm.) were deposited. This palaeogeographic pattern was controlled by the synsedimentary tectonics. The detailed biostratigraphical classification of the deposits studied from the Platynota to the Divisum zones, and their lithological character, enable the recognition of the primary sedimentary cyclicity by comparison with the well dated short eccentricity cycles in the coeval succession of south-eastern France. The two appendixes enclosed give the characteristics of: (1) the characteristics of the ammonite faunas especially of the families Ataxiocerati¬dae and Aulacostephanidae (where two new species are established – Balticeras samsonowiczi sp. nov., and Rasenioides glazeki sp. nov.); (2) the newly established lithostratigraphical units: the Prusicko Fm., and the Burzenin Fm., and the smaller rank units (members, beds) recognized therein.

5

A unique fossil record from neptunian sills: the world's most extreme example of stratigraphic condensation (Jurassic, western Sicily)

Wendt J.

Acta Geologica Polonica

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2017

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Vol. 67, no. 2

163--199, [6]

EN

Neptunian sills at Rocca Busambra, a fragment of the Trapanese/Saccense Domain in western Sicily, host the most abundant ammonite and gastropod fauna which has ever been recorded from the Jurassic of the western Tethys. The fauna is dominated by parautochthonous organisms which were swept into the sills by gentle transport. Ammonites are characterized by perfect preservation and small size, a feature which is due to the predominance of microconchs but also of stunting. The most complete sill is 0.7 m thick and could be separated into 17 levels which range in age from the early Toarcian into the late Kimmeridgian, thus representing the most extreme case of palaeontologically and depositionally documented stratigraphic condensation in Earth history. The unique feature of the Rocca Busambra sills is due to the interaction of three processes: extreme stratigraphic condensation on the sea floor, weak tectonic fracturing of the host rock and repeated reopening on top of already existing sills. Contrasting percentages of gastropods in individual levels reflect sea-level oscillations which correspond to long known low- and highstands during the Jurassic of the western Tethys. Comparisons with other ammonite-bearing sill faunas reveal several similarities, but represent only short-timed phases of tectonic pulses and deposition.

6

Carbonate-clastic sediments of the Dudziniec Formation in the Kościeliska Valley (High-Tatric series, Tatra Mountains, Poland) : role of syndepositional tectonic activity in facies development during the Early and Middle Jurassic

Jezierska A., Łuczyński P., Staśkiewicz A.

Geological Quarterly

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2016

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Vol. 60, No. 4

869--880

EN

Sediments of the Dudziniec Formation (Lower Jurassic – Aalenian) outcropping in the Kościeliska Valley (autochthonous unit of the High-Tatric series) are represented by a range of mixed carbonate-clastic deposits. Seven lithofacies have been distinguished based on lithology, sedimentary structures, colour and composition of intra- and extraclasts, with sandstones and crinoidal limestones as end members of a continuous spectrum of facies. The study area represents a shallower part of the sedimentary basin located in the vicinity of source areas, as compared to the Chochołowska Valley region located in the west. Facies characteristics and distribution were controlled mainly by synsedimentary tectonic activity, with sandy varieties representing periods of faulting with enhanced influx of extraclasts, and with crinoidal limestones corresponding to intervals of relative tectonic stability. Such influence of synsedimentary tectonics on the deposition in the Early Jurassic strongly resembles the Middle Jurassic development in the High-Tatric area. Neptunian dykes cutting the Dudziniec Formation, and most probably filled by Lower Jurassic sediments, are yet another indication of tectonic instability of the area in the Early Jurassic.

7

Olistostromes in the Miocene salt-bearing folded deposits at the front of the Ukrainian Carpathian orogen

Hnylko O.

Geological Quarterly

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2014

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Vol. 58, No. 3

381--392

EN

The origin of the olistostromes at the front of the Ukrainian Carpathian orogen is related to Miocene synsedimentary thrust movements of the Carpathian accretionary prism and to erosion of uplifted areas of the Boryslav-Pokuttya Nappe in the front of the accretionary prism. There are two olistostrome complexes. The first is the Lower Miocene Polyanytsya-Vorotyshcha Olistostrome with clasts of molasse and flysch deposits formed in a piggy-back basin on the inner part of the Boryslav-Pokuttya Nappe at the top of the accretionary wedge. This olistostrome is associated with the Sloboda Conglomerate derived from the fore-bulge at the foreland of the Boryslav-Pokuttya Nappe. The second one is the Middle Miocene Lanchyn Olistostrome with olistoliths of strongly deformed molasse deposits. These olistoliths were slid from the uplifted front of the Boryslav-Pokuttya Nappe. The Lanchyn Olistostrome was deposited at front of this nappe in a foredeep basin.

8

Facies and sedimentation of Coniacian deposits of the Kraków Swell in the Wielkanoc area (southern Poland)

Olszewska-Nejbert D., Świerczewska-Gładysz E.

Geological Quarterly

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2013

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Vol. 57, No. 1

1–-16

EN

Coniacian deposits, ca. 1.5 m thick, cropping out in the Wielkanoc Quarry, north of Kraków in southern Poland, consist of firm, nodular and, less commonly, marly limestones with horizons of in situ, slightly phosphatized hexactinellid sponges and thick-shelled inoceramid bivalves. The succession is composed of foraminiferal-inoceramid packstones with common sand-sized quartz and glauconite grains at the base, passing upwards into foraminiferal or foraminiferal-inoceramid wackestones with or without rare glauconite. A microfacies analysis shows that planktonic foraminifers are the dominant forms, while benthic forms are rare. The facies indicates that sedimentation in the Wielkanoc area on the Kraków Swell, which separated the deeper Mid-Polish Trough Zone to the north-east and the Opole Trough Zone to the south-west, was generally calm (documented by abundant wackestones) and slow (indicated by the dominant sedimentary “coccolith system” and presence of glauconite) during the Coniacian. Rare episodes of non-deposition are recorded by episodes of phosphatization and minor intra-Coniacian discontinuity surfaces. The presence of hexactinellid sponges in the section studied are consistent with a calm environment, below the storm-wave base, with low rates of sedimentation. Subhercynian (latest Turonian–Coniacian Ilsede Phase) local tectonic movements had an important influence on the evolution of the region. They presumably led to subsidence of the Wielkanoc Block during the Early Coniacian. These movements were probably associated with activity on the Kraków–Myszków Fault Zone.

9

Microbial laminites with coprolites from Upper Jurassic carbonate buildups (Kraków-Częstochowa Upland, Poland)

Kochman A., Matyszkiewicz J.

Annales Societatis Geologorum Poloniae

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2012

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Vol. 82, No. 4

331–-347

EN

The Upper Oxfordian microbial-sponge agglutinated to open-frame reef complex of the Zegarowe Crags in the Kraków-Częstochowa Upland originated upon an elevation of the Late Jurassic stable northern shelf of the Tethys. This elevation was formed, owing to a local decrease in subsidence rate during Jurassic time, induced by the presence of a Palaeozoic granitoid intrusion in the shelf substratum, and Late Jurassic, synsedimentary tectonics, which controlled the topography of the sea bottom. The Zegarowe Crags (Skały Zegarowe) complex at the top contains microbial laminites, composed of peloidal and agglutinated stromatolites, and intercalations of grainstones with indeterminable, favrenoid coprolites, occurring in large numbers. The development of stromatolites was associated with low nutrient availability. In contrast, the periodic activity of crabs, the main producers of the coprolites, forming the coprolitic grainstone intercalations, indicates periods, when nutrients were abundant in the sea water. The nutrinets most likely were associated with the occurrence of clouds of suspended matter, induced by gravity flows, generated by active, synsedimentary tectonics. The results of isotopic studies do not support the presence of warm, mineralizing solutions, connected with synsedimentary tectonics during development of the Zegarowe Crags complex in the Late Jurassic.

10

Rozwój sedymentacji dewońskiej w basenie łysogórsko-radomskim i lubelskim

Narkiewicz M., Narkiewicz K., Turnau E.

Prace Państwowego Instytutu Geologicznego

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2011

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T.196

289--318

PL

Basen łysogórsko-radomski (BŁR) ograniczony był od południa synsedymentacyjnym uskokiem świętokrzyskim o głębokich założeniach skorupowych. Od NE graniczył z basenem lubelskim (BL) wzdłuż wąskiej strefy czytelnej w środkowodewońskim rozkładzie sedymentacji. Jej głębsze założenia stanowił prawdopodobnie uskok podłoża w osiowej części elewacji radomsko-kraśnickiej, wpływający na sedymentację przynajmniej od emsu późnego. BL łączył się od SE z basenem lwowskim, który od wschodu był ograniczony przez lądowy masyw w rejonie tarczy ukraińskiej. Wczesnodewoński etap rozwoju basenów (lochkow–środkowy ems) został zapoczątkowany w sylurze późnym osadami otwartego szelfu, które w lochkowie środkowym i późnym przeszły w osady perylitoralne, przykryte (częściowo niezgodnie ?) grubą serią aluwialną. W etapie środkowodewońskim (późny ems-wczesny fran) szybkie tempo sedymentacji facji węglanowo-terygenicznych otwartego zbiornika BŁR było uwarunkowane przez pogrążanie się bloków podłoża. Natomiast w warunkach stabilnego podłoża BL niewielką przestrzeń akomodacji dla osadów płytkiego szelfu i platformy węglanowej kształtowały głównie transgresje eustatyczne. W etapie środkowo–późnofrańskim, na tę ostatnią tendencję nałożył się puls subsydencji związany z początkiem ryftowania w rowie Prypeci. Etap fameński zaznaczył się powstaniem depocentrum w centralnym segmencie BL i akumulacją niemal 2 km węglanowo-ilastych osadów głębokiego basenu szelfowego i otwartego szelfu, przechodzących ku górze w progradujące ku SW systemy przybrzeżnomorskie i lądowe. Depocentrum utworzyło się w układzie pull-apart między strefą Kocka a uskokiem Ursynowa–Kazimierza, równocześnie z główną fazą ryftowania basenu Prypeci.

EN

Łysogóry-Radom Basin (ŁRB) is bounded in the south by the deeply-rooted Holy Cross Fault. To NE it passes into the Lublin Basin (LB) along a narrow zone clearly reflected in the Middle Devonian depositional pattern. It was probably related to a basement fault along the axial part of the Radom–Kraśnik Elevation affecting deposition at least since the late Emsian onwards. BL continued to the Lviv Basin in SE, which was bordered from the east by the continental Ukrainian Massif. The Early Devonian stage of the basins development started in the latest Silurian with an open-shelf sedimentation passing in the middle to late Lochkovian into marginal marine clastics. This is (partly unconformably) overlain by a thick alluvial complex. Between late Emsian and early Frasnian rapid sedimentation of carbonate-terrigenous open marine facies in the ŁRB was controlled by basement blocks subsidence. On the other hand, under stable cratonic conditions of the BL much smaller accomodation space was generated mainly by eustatic transgressions allowing a mostly shallow-shelf and carbonate platform development. In the Middle Frasnian this pattern was overprinted by a subsidence pulse related to the initial Pripyat Graben rifting. The Famennian stage was marked by a depocentre development in the central LB segment, and an accumulation of nearly 2 km of sediments, starting with carbonate-shaly deposits of a shelf basin and open shelf, passing upwards into marginal-marine and continental systems prograding SW-wards. The depocentre formed in a pull-apartregime between the Kock and Ursynów–Kazimierz faults, parallel with the main phase of the Pripyat Graben rifting.

11

Litostratygrafia, systemy depozycyjne i cykle transgresywno-regresywne dewonu środkowego i franu basenu łysogórsko-radomskiego

Narkiewicz M.

Prace Państwowego Instytutu Geologicznego

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2011

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T.196

7--52

PL

Analiza profili otworów Ostałów 1, Szwejki IG 3, Lisów 1, Bąkowa IG 1 i Niesiołowice IG 1 pozwoliła na opracowanie szkieletu litostratygraficznego górnej części sukcesji dewońskiej na obszarze radomskim basenu łysogórsko-radomskiego, obejmującej górny ems do najniższego franu. Analiza sedymentologiczna profili dała podstawę do wyróżnienia zdarzeń i systemów depozycyjnych zdominowanych przez węglanowo-terygeniczne facje otwartego zbiornika. Rozwój sedymentacji został zrekonstruowany na podstawie korelacji lito- i biostratygraficznej oraz zdarzeniowej. Maksymalną miąższość około 1500 m badane osady osiągają w rejonie Ostałowa i Bąkowej. Szybka akumulacja osadów, częściowo nieregularne następstwo zdarzeń i szczegóły architektury depozycyjnej przemawiają za znaczną rolą synsedymentacyjnych ruchów blokowych podłoża. Ich znaczenie zmalało u schyłku żywetu i we wczesnym franie, kiedy przewagę w basenie uzyskał system platformy węglanowej. Porównanie badanych osadów obszaru radomskiego z równowiekową sukcesją regionu łysogórskiego ujawnia szereg analogii w rozwoju subsydencji i sedymentacji, które uzasadniają łączenie obu obszarów w jeden basen łysogórsko-radomski. Północna, radomska strefa basenu, sąsiadująca od SW z basenem lubelskim, charakteryzuje się w porównaniu z regionem łysogórskim silniejszym dopływem osadów klastycznych, a także okresowym rozwojem platform węglanowych i węglanowo-terygenicznych. Wynika to z bardziej proksymalnego usytuowania względem obszarów lądowych na wschodzie i północy.

EN

Present study is focused on thick Devonian successions in the Ostałów 1, Szwejki IG 3, Lisów 1, Bąkowa IG 1 and Niesiołowice IG 1 boreholes. It allowed to establish lithostratigraphic framework of the upper Emsian to lowermost Frasnian of the NE part of the Łysogóry-Radom Basin. Based on sedimentological analysis of the sections it was possible to define depositional events and systems, the latter dominated by carbonate-terrigeneous sediments of an open-marine shelf. Depositional development was reconstructed basing on a litho-, bio- and event correlation. The Middle Devonian sediments attain maximum thickness of ca. 1500 meters in the area of Ostałów and Bąkowa. Rapid sediment accumulation, partly irregular pattern of depositional events and certain details of the basinal architecture confirm a considerable influence of synsedimentary basement-block movements. Their significance decreased by the end of the Givetian and in the early Frasnian, when carbonate plat-form system prevailed in the basin. Comparison of the investigated sediments with the coeval deposits from the Łysogóry Region(northern Holy Cross Mts.) reveals number of analogies in subsidence and depositional development. These similarities support in-clusion of both the areas into a single Łysogóry-Radom Basin. Thenorthern, Radom part is neighboured from NE by the Lublin Basin. Itis characterised, unlike the Łysogóry part, by a stronger terrigeneous input as well as temporary development of carbonate and carbonate-terrigeneous platforms. This is due to more proximal position relative to a continental area in the east and north.

12

Injection dykes as evidence of Campanian synsedimentary tectonics on the Kraków Swell, southern Poland

Kołodziej B., Szulc J., Machaniec E., Kędzierski M., Duda M.

Annales Societatis Geologorum Poloniae

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2010

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Vol. 80, No 3

285-301

EN

The topmost part of the Oxfordian limestones, building the Zakrzówek Horst in Kraków, is featured by a network of minute fissures, filled with Upper Cretaceous limestones. Fissures are dominantly subhorizontal, anastomosing and polygonal in plane. They are filled with white limestones representing mostly foraminiferal- calcisphere wackestones, with subordinate amount of quartz pebbles and fragments of stromatolite coming from the latest Turonian-?Early Coniacian conglomerate overlying Oxfordian basement. The fissures are seismically- induced injection dykes. In contrast to gravitationally-filled neptunian dykes the recognised injection dykes were filled by overpressured soft sediments. Foraminifera within some dykes are abundant, and dominated by planktonic forms, which indicate the Early/Late Campanian age (Globotruncana ventricosa and Globotruncanita calcarata zones) of the filling, and hence date also the synsedimentary tectonics. Abundant and diversified keeled globo- truncanids in the Campanian of the Kraków region are recognised for the first time. Other important findings at the studied section include karstic cavities featuring the surface of the Oxfordian bedrock filled with conglomerates of the latest Turonian-?Early Coniacian age based on foraminifera and nannoplankton, and lack of Santonian deposits, which elsewhere are common in the Upper Cretaceous sequences in the Kraków region. The discovered Campanian dykes provide new evidence for the Late Cretaceous tectonic activity on the Kraków Swell related to the Subhercynian tectonism, which resulted among others in stratigraphic hiatuses and unconformities characte- ristic of the Turonian-Santonian interval of this area.

13

Zjawiska redepozycji w utworach górnej jury podłoża zapadliska przedkarpackiego jako efekt synsedymentacyjnej tektoniki

Matyja B. A., Barski M.

Geologia / Akademia Górniczo-Hutnicza im. Stanisława Staszica w Krakowie

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2009

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T. 35, z. 3/1

91-92

14

Bajoska tektonika synsedymentacyjna i jej znaczenie w jurajskiej ewolucji pienińskiego basenu skałkowego

Krobicki M.

Geologia / Akademia Górniczo-Hutnicza im. Stanisława Staszica w Krakowie

|

2009

|

T. 35, z. 3/1

65-78

EN

The Jurassic crinoidal limestones in the Pieniny Klippen Belt in Poland consist of three formations (Smolegowa, Flaki and Krupianka Limestone formations), and constitute an important segment of the Middle Jurassic sequence in the Czorsztyn, Niedzica and Czertezik successions. The onset of the crinoidal sedimentation, as proved by ammonite faunas, took place during the Early Bajocian and it was preceded by a marked stratigraphical hiatus. This hiatus corresponds to the origin and uplift of the Czorsztyn Ridge. The evidences of condensation event at the beginning of crinoidal limestones sedimentation are marked by numerous sedimentological features in the lowermost part (10-20 cm in thickness) of these limestones (e.g. phosphatic concretions concentration, pyrite concretions, large clasts of green micritic limestones). Occurrence of such important correlation horizon indicates primary thickness of investigated crinoidal limestones (from ca 10 m up to 100 m), and suggests origin of synsedimentary tectonic blocks and troughs, which influenced on their original, not recently tectonically reduced, differentiation of their thickness. This Bajocian tectonic activity within Pieniny Klippen Basin corresponds very well with others Middle Jurassic Western Tethyan geodynamic reorganizations.

15

Callovian crinoidal sandstone from North East Świętokrzyskie Mts. (Central Poland)

Ostrowski S.

Volumina Jurassica

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2006

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Vol. 4, no. 1

101-102

EN

Monotonous calcareous sandstones outcropping on the northern slopes of Kamienna River North East Świętokrzyskie Mts. (Holy Cross Mts.) are recognized as Callovian mostly on the basis of superposition (Samsonowicz 1932) and scarce occurrence of ammonites Macrocephalites and belemnites. Although the rocks are exploited for over 200 years, there is no complete sedimentological study available. Outcropping rocks are yellow and brown, quartz-calcareous sandstones, poorly horizontally bedded. Cross-bedding, horizontal laminations and ripplemark laminations are scarce in the sequence. Grains are well sorted, bigger fragments can be found only in lower parts of some beds. Bigger grains are exclusively fragments of crinoids. Typically rocks are composed of quartz grains and crinoid ossicles of 0.1-0.2 mm in diameter. The proportion of these components is close to equal. Quartz grains are well rounded, mostly monnocrystalline. Fragments of crinoids are broken, but marks of noticeable corrosion are lacking. Grains are cemented by blocky calcite, forming syntaxial overgrowth (sensu Bathurst 1975) on crinoids. Statistic comparison of diameter of quartz grains and fragments of crinoids revealed that crinoids are about 10% bigger in diameter. However statistic parameters of grain diameters calculated separately for quartz and crinoids are similar in individual samples, and fractionation of diameter for both grain types are close to normal. Differences of mean diameter of both grain types can be attributed to crinoid porosity (resultant lower density). Quartz grains and fragments of crinoids were brought together to sedimentation area by currents. The second ones did not experience long transport - porous fragments of crinoids are prone to destruction (abrasion). The large quantity of crinoids suggests that the area where they flourished was placed nearby.Areas of intensive crinoid growth can be often found on distinctive submarine slopes (Maliszewska 1998; Ostrowski 2003). Tectonically active Radom-Kraśnik Fault zone (Gutowski et al. 2003) could represent the area of development of crinoids in question.

16

Late Jurassic-earliest Cretaceous evolution of the epicontinental sedimentary basin of southeastern Poland and Western Ukraine

Gutowski J., Popadyuk I. V., Olszewska B.

Geological Quarterly

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2005

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Vol. 49, No. 1

31–-44

EN

The following Late Jurassic depositional systems have been recognized in the WUkrainian and SE Polish margin of the East European Platform: shelf slope/basin, open shelf, carbonate ramp, siliciclastic shelf, fluvial/playa, deltaic/swamp, restricted marine/evaporate lagoon. Three depositional megasequences have been identified. Their upper boundaries have been dated by means of targeted stratigraphic studies, compilation of existing data and reinterpretation of stratigraphic correlation concepts respectively as: lower Kimmeridgian divisum/hypselocyclum zones boundary, uppermost upper Kimmeridgian and lower Berriasian. Analysis of thickness and depositional system architecture within themegasequences in six regional cross-sections indicates that depocentre was located in the SW margin of the Mid-Polish Trough during Oxfordian and early Kimmeridgian times and propagated in Tithonian time to the Lviv region. This can be explained by changes in the palaeostress field. Approximately N–S oriented extension during Oxfordian and earliest Kimmeridgian times was replaced by approximately NE–SW oriented extension in Tithonian time. The thickness pattern of the megasequences as well as proximity trends of the system tracts within the sequences clearly coincide with the depocentre propagation.

17

Tektoniczne a eustatyczne uwarunkowania rozwoju sedymentacji dewonu świętokrzyskiego

Racki G., Narkiewicz M.

Przegląd Geologiczny

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2000

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Vol. 48, nr 1

65-76

PL

Ranga zdarzeń tektonicznych w dewonie świętokrzyskim jest wciąż trudna do sprecyzowania, ale wydaje się drugoplanowa. Nie ma świadectw " bretońskich " deformacji tektonicznych w końcu dewonu i uprzednio eksponowana rola tej "fazy " może ograniczać się do pulsu póżnofrańskiej subsydencji tektonicznej i ruchów blokowych, modyfikujących lokalnie zapis fluktuacji eustatycznych w szeroko rozumianym interwale przejściowym franu i famenu. Związki tego ożywienia tektonicznego na obszarze świętokrzyskim z póżnodewońskąprzebudowąplatformy wschodnioeuropejskiej (inicjacją ryftuprypecko-donieckiego i rozwojem rowu lubelskiego) są prawdopodobne, ale ich korelacja wymaga dalszego postępu w badaniach stratygraficznych na obu tych obszarach.

EN

Documented evidence of synsedimentary tectonics in the Devonian of the Holy Cross Mts. in most cases indicates limited magnitude of deformations leading to modification of the sedimentary record merely in a local scale. In contrast, the events interpreted as eustatic (including i.a. backstepping of the carbonate platform) have a widespread regional record. The tectonic subsidence analysis confirms differences in a development of the Łysogóry and Kielce regions, although both regions reveal very similar scenario of the "post-Caledonian " subsidence, differing mainly in the rates and total amount of the Devonian subsidence. The latter differences may be ascribed to contrasts in a deep structure ofcrustal blocks underlying both regions, separated by the Holy Cross Fault, and responding differently to a regional stress pattern, probably in an extensional regime. Although the importance of tectonic events in the Devonian of the Holy Cross Mts. is still difficult to ascertain, it appears rather subordinate in view of available observations. So far, there is no evidence of the "Bretonnian " tectonic deformations in the latest Devonian. The role of this ,, phase", previously stressed in several publications, may be limited to the probable small pulse of the late Frasnian subsidence and small-scale block movements locally modifying the record of eustatic fluctuations in the wide interval of the Frasnian-Famennian transition. The relationship between these tectonic phenomena and the Late Devonian structural rearrangement of the East European Craton, including initiation of the Pripyat-Donets Rift and development of the Lublin Trough is probable but requires further refinement of a stratigraphic correlation between the discussed areas.

18

Olistolity w formacji beloweskiej (fm) w dolinie Kamienicy jako rezultat synsedymentacyjnego skracania zbiornika magurskiego (Karpaty fliszowe)

Bromowicz J.

Geologia / Akademia Górniczo-Hutnicza im. Stanisława Staszica w Krakowie

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1998

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T. 24, z. 1

19-49

PL

Olistolity utworów formacji magurskiej (fm) i żeleźnikowskiej (fm) tkwiące wśród osuwiskowo zaburzonych skał formacji beloweskiej są odsłonięte w dolinie Kamienicy między Nową Wsią a Maciejową. Ich objętości sięgają tysięcy m sześciennych. Kształty olistolitów wskazują na ich formowanie się w trakcie spływów grawitacyjnych nie w pełni zdiagenezowanego materiału. Ich inwentarz sugeruje równoczesną sedymentację w niezbyt oddalonych fragmentach zbiornika, gruboławicowych piaskowców, margli i pakietów głównie łupkowych. Ruch tych utworów przebiegał w kierunku nachylenia paleoskłonu, prostopadle do aktualnej rozciągłości warstw. Może to stanowić dowód na synsedymentacyjne zwężanie zbiornika magurskiego powodujące nachylenie dna w środkowym eocenie

EN

Olistoliths of rocks belonging to both the Magura and the Żeleźnikowa formations are exposed in the Kamienica River valley between Nowa Wieś and Maciejowa, within the land-slided rocks of the Beloveza Formation. Volumes of olistoliths reach several thousands of cubic meters. Their geometry points to the formation during gravitational sliding of semi-consolidated material. Lithology suggests contemporaneous deposition of thick-bedded sandstones, marls and sets of predominantly shaly beds in the adjacent parts of the basin. Movements of this material were directed down the palaeoslope of the basin floor and perpendicularly to the recent strike of the beds. This can prove the synsedimentary narrowing of the Magura Basin which resulted in sealfloor sloping during the Middle Eocene