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Co-occurrence probability of water balance elements in a mountain catchment on the example of the upper Nysa Kłodzka River

Perz Adam, Sobkowiak Leszek, Wrzesiński Dariusz

Acta Geophysica

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2022

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Vol. 70, no 3

1301--1315

EN

Conditions of the formation of key elements of the water balance, such as precipitation and runoff, and relations between them in the mountain catchment area are very complicated, conditioned both by the climatic factor and the physiographic characteristics of the catchment area. The aim of the study is to determine relations between precipitation and runoff in the Kłodzka Valley (KV) located in mountain areas of south-western Poland. Analyzes were based on precipitation in KV and discharges of the Nysa Kłodzka River and its tributaries, recorded in hydrological years 1974–2013. The bivariate Archimedean copulas were used to describe the degree of synchronicity between these variables. The study area shows a considerable variability in the conditions of transformation of precipitation into runoff. It is conditioned both by the pluvial regime and the physical-geographical characteristics of the catchment area. As a result, sub-catchments with diversified hydrological activity and their role in the formation of water resources of the entire KV were identified. Among them, the Biała Lądecka River sub-catchment was found to be the most hydrologically active, and the sub-catchment of Bystrzyca Dusznicka River the most inert, despite e.g. quite similar synchronicity of precipitation compared to the average precipitation in KV. At the same time, the KV rivers are characterized by different types of runoff regime and characteristic of the water balance structure. The methodology presented can be useful in determining dependencies between selected elements of the water balance and evaluation of water resources availability in source areas of mountain rivers.

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A structured approach for synchronising the applications of failure mode and effects analysis

Alruqi Mansoor, Baumers Martin, Branson-III David, Farndon Robert

Management Systems in Production Engineering

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2021

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nr 3 (29)

165--177

EN

Failure Mode and Effects Analysis (FMEA) is a systematic approach for evaluating the potential failure modes in a system, and is mainly employed in three distinct tasks labelled: (1) Functional FMEA – evaluating those failures associated with product functional definition, (2) Design FMEA – analysing those failures associated with design definition and (3) Process FMEA – assessing potential failures in manufacturing and assembly processes. The literature review has shown limited works on the field of synchronising these different tasks into a working model. To address this gap, this research developed a framework for integrating these tasks of FMEAs, and then qualitatively validating the proposed framework. This research adopted a semi-structured questionnaire to collect experts’ feedback and validate the proposed framework. The t-test was then employed to evaluate the collected feedback. The findings highlight that the proposed framework is applicable and could facilitate the synchronisation of the different tasks of FMEA. This research presents a methodological approach for executing and synchronising FMEAs. Therefore, the proposed framework is practically relevant as an aid for the practitioners in catching the cascading failures and reducing the relevant impact.

3

Estimation of the long-term cyclical fluctuations of snow-rain floods in the Danube basin within Ukraine

Zabolotnia Tetiana, Gorbachova Liudmyla, Khrystiuk Borys

Meteorology Hydrology and Water Management. Research and Operational Applications

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2019

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Vol. 7, Iss. 2

3--11

EN

Floods are a periodic natural phenomenon, often accompanied by negative consequences for the local population and the economy as a whole. Therefore, knowledge of the trends of maximum flow have great practical importance, because it is the basis for planning and designing various hydraulic structures, hydrological forecasting, the mapping of flood risk, etc. In this paper, we analysed the long-term cyclical fluctuations of the maximum flow of snow-rain floods of the Danube basin within Ukraine (5 large rivers, 14 medium and 5 small). The database includes time series (34 gauging stations) of the maximum discharges of the cold period from the beginning of the observations up to 2015. The methodological approaches (developed by Gorbachova) are based on the use of hydro-genetic methods − namely the mass curve, the residual mass curve, and combined graphs. The presented results illustrate that the longterm fluctuations of the maximum flow of snow-rain floods are synchronous at all study gauging stations in the Danube basin within Ukraine, but these fluctuations are not always in the synchronous phase. We found that the maximum flow of snow-rain floods in the Danube basin within Ukraine have four types of long-term fluctuations, each with a different cycle duration.

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Causal Semantics of Algebraic Petri Nets distinguishing Concurrency and Synchronicity

Juhás G., Lorenz R., Mauser S.

Fundamenta Informaticae

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2008

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Vol. 86, nr 3

255-298

EN

In this paper, we show how to obtain causal semantics distinguishing "earlier than" and "not later than" causality between events from algebraic semantics of Petri nets. Janicki and Koutny introduced so called stratified order structures (so-structures) to describe such causal semantics. To obtain algebraic semantics, we redefine our own algebraic approach generating rewrite terms via partial operations of synchronous composition, concurrent composition and sequential composition. These terms are used to produce so-structures which define causal behavior consistent with the (operational) step semantics. For concrete Petri net classes with causal semantics derived from processes minimal so-structures obtained from rewrite terms coincide with minimal so-structures given by processes. This is demonstrated for elementary nets with inhibitor arcs.