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1
Content available Symmetry perception in prospective preschool and primary school teachers: a pilot study
Lipták Jakub
Zeszyty Naukowe Wyższej Szkoły Technicznej w Katowicach
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2023
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T. 17
169--177
EN
Children learn basic geometry through observing and manipulating objects and shapes and recognizing their essential properties. One of the basic omnipresent geometric concepts is symmetry. Children’s knowledge in many matters depends on their guardians and teachers. Therefore, they should possess appropriate content-related knowledge. The pilot study examines prospective preschool and primary school teachers’ ability to recognize axially symmetrical figures. The methodology is based on a designed test and analysis of obtained results gathered from a cohort of 56 prospective preschool and primary school teachers in the second year of university study in Slovakia. The results confirmed previous findings about vertical symmetry being the easiest recognizable form of symmetry, followed by horizontal symmetry. Importantly, prospective teachers tended to lack knowledge of axial symmetry as they rarely referred to it in given tasks. Further, the study points out important factors in designing a discrimination test for symmetry.
PL
Dzieci uczą się podstawowej geometrii poprzez obserwację i manipulowanie przedmiotami i kształtami oraz rozpoznawanie ich podstawowych właściwości. Jednym z podstawowych, wszechobecnych pojęć geometrycznych jest symetria. Rozwój wiedzy dzieci w dużej mierze zależy od wsparcia i nauki ze strony opiekunów oraz nauczycieli. Powinni więc posiadać odpowiednią wiedzę merytoryczną. Badanie pilotażowe sprawdza zdolność przyszłych nauczycieli przedszkoli i szkół podstawowych do rozpoznawania f igur osiowo symetrycznych. Metodologia opiera się na zaprojektowanym teście i analizie uzyskanych wyników zebranych od grupy 56 przyszłych nauczycieli przedszkoli i szkół podstawowych, studiujących na drugim roku studiów uniwersyteckich na Słowacji. Wyniki potwierdziły wcześniejsze ustalenia dotyczące symetrii pionowej jako najłatwiejszej rozpoznawalnej formy symetrii, a następnie symetrii poziomej. Co ważne, przyszłym nauczycielom brakowało wiedzy na temat symetrii osiowej, gdyż rzadko odwoływali się do niej w zadanych zadaniach. Ponadto badanie wskazuje na ważne czynniki przy projektowaniu testu dyskryminacji pod kątem symetrii.
2
Content available Stress-strain state simulation of non-uniformly heated elements of components and assemblies of automotive
Hrevtsev O., Selivanova N., Popovych P., Poberezhny L., Brych V. Ya., Rudyak Yu., Shevchuk O., Bakulina N., Rozum R., Buriak M.
Journal of Achievements in Materials and Manufacturing Engineering
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2022
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Vol. 115, nr 1
26--32
EN
Purpose: Develop a method for determining and evaluating the stress-strain state, particularly the distribution of thermomechanical stresses in the materials of individual rotating parts of vehicles. Design/methodology/approach: The proposed method is based on the principle of gradual approximations of the solution when the boundary conditions are satisfied on the curvilinear limiting surfaces of the disk body. Findings: The proposed method of determining and estimating the distribution of thermomechanical stresses in the disk material makes it possible to take into account the variable geometry: thickness and presence of a hole in the central part of the disk, also correctly determine stress-strain state at any point of unevenly heated rotating axial body. Research limitations/implications: The work uses generally accepted assumptions and limitations for thermomechanical calculations. Originality/value: It is proved that in real disks, the stress-strain state is spatial, and the well - known method based on the hypotheses of the plane-stress state does not provide the possibility of calculating the values of stresses in the thickness of the disk. The obtained results can be used to improve the methodology of auto technical examination of road accidents. In addition, they can be taken into account by bus drivers on urban routes when choosing a safe distance in heavy traffic, as well as design engineers of car brake systems.
3
Content available remote A regularity criterion for positive part of radial component in the case of axially symmetric Navier-Stokes equations
Kubica A.
Demonstratio Mathematica
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2015
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Vol. 48, nr 1
62--72
EN
We examine the conditional regularity of the solutions of Navier–Stokes equations in the entire three-dimensional space under the assumption that the data are axially symmetric. We show that if positive part of the radial component of velocity satisfies a weighted Serrin type condition and in addition angular component satisfies some condition, then the solution is regular.
4
Content available Analiza możliwości wykrywania braku zespojenia warstw asfaltowych w badaniu FWD
Gajewski M., Jemioło S.
TTS Technika Transportu Szynowego
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2012
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R. 19, nr 9
2423--2432, CD
PL
W pracy zaprezentowano analizę numeryczną testu FWD jako dynamicznego zadania sprężystości i lepko-sprężystości przy założeniu symetrii osiowej. Analiza ta została przeprowadzona przy zastosowaniu programu MES ABAQUS w celu oceny możliwości rozpoznawania braku połączenia między poszczególnymi warstwami na podstawie charakteru funkcji przemieszczenia w wybranych punktach na powierzchni konstrukcji warstwowej nawierzchni drogowej. Możliwość rozpoznania tego typu uszkodzenia przez analizę odpowiedzi konstrukcji ma istotne znaczenie w diagnostyce nawierzchni drogowych.
EN
The paper presents a numerical analysis of FWD test (Falling Weight Deflectometer) as a dynamic task of elasticity and visco-elasticity with the assumption of axial symmetry. The analysis was carried out using ABAQUS FEM software to evaluate the ability to recognize the lack of bounding between the different layers based on the nature of the displacement function at selected points on the surface of the pavement layer structure. The ability to recognize this type of damage by structural response analysis is important in the design and maintenance diagnosis of road structures.
5
Content available remote The method of the fundamental solutions and its modifications for electromagnetic field problems
Chen C. S., Reutskiy S. Y., Rozov V. Y.
Computer Assisted Mechanics and Engineering Sciences
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2009
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Vol. 16, No. 1
21-33
EN
The paper presents the method of fundamental solutions (MFS) for solving electromagnetic problems. We compare the MFS with the method of boundary integral equations in solution of potential problems. We demonstrate the MFS techniąue together with the Lapiace transform in application to the problem of scattering of electromagnetic pulses. A modification of the MFS - the method of approximate fundamental solutions (MAFS) is also considered in the paper. The method is applied to axisymmetric field problems. Numerical examples justifying the methods are presented.
6
Content available remote Genetic optimal shape design of thin axisymmetric shells and axisymmetric structures
Marcelin J. M.
Computer Assisted Mechanics and Engineering Sciences
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2007
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Vol. 14, No. 1
43-51
EN
This work gives some applications of genetic algorithms for shape optimization of thin axisymmetric shells and axisymmetric structures. Calculations are relatively fast for thin axisymmetric shells. For general axisymmetric structures, the concept of mobile or fixed substructures is used and associated to an automatic mesh generator, so calculations are also relatively fast for axisymmetric structures. The limitations or the optimization constraints are included in the chromosomes coding. Three applications are presented; the first one deals with the optimization of the shape of a drop of water, the second one deals with the optimization of the shape of a bottle, and the third one deals with the optimization of the shape of a hydraulic hammer's rear bearing.
7
Content available remote The Development of Axial Symmetrical Splined Connections Design
Dudziak M., Kołodziej A., Kroczak J., Podolski T.
Machine Dynamics Problems
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2006
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Vol. 30, No. 3
79-87
EN
In this article there are presented problems connected to shape and positioning deviations of involute splined connections. Basing on carried out researchers of roundness and cylindricity deviations of spline shafts there were made some simulations of different combinations of shape deviations. For a connection of ideal internal spline with external spline having simulated particular shape deviation there was carried out design analysis of the splined connections which pointed out the influence of shape deviations on the feature of that connection.
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