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Productivity Model of Herbal Bioenergy Cultures Depending on Biometric Indicators of Overhead Mass

Lopushniak Vasyl, Тоnkha Оxana, Hrytsuliak Halyna, Lopushniak Halyna, Polutrenko Miroslava, Poberezhna Lyuba, Gamayunova Valentina, Pikovska Olena, Jakubowski Tomasz, Kotsyubynska Yulia

Ecological Engineering & Environmental Technology

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2022

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Vol. 23, iss. 2

162--172

EN

The research was carried out on the territory of c. Tsenzhiv of Yamnytsya territorial community of Ivano-Frankivsk region on sod-podzolic degraded soils according to the generally accepted research methods. The productivity of miscanthus and switchgrass depends on the biometric indicators of plants, namely the height of plants and the number of stems. Correct models of miscanthus and switchgrass productivity are calculated depending on the dose of sewage sludge. For miscanthus, the correlation coefficient r = 0.952 and for switchgrass r = 0.951, which indicates a high linear relationship between plant height, number of stems and productivity. The dry matter yield in grass energy crops varies according to fertilizer application. The productivity of the agrophytocenosis of miscanthus is much higher than that of switchgrass. With the addition of sewage sludge at a dose of 40 t/ha, the dry matter yield under the same growing conditions in the agrophytocenosis of miscanthus is 12.2 t/ha, or 3.3 t/ha higher than the productivity of agrophytocenosis switchgrass. The use of composts based on SS + straw (3: 1)) – 30 t/ha + N30K55, has a significant impact on yield, providing the highest productivity of miscanthus – 13.0 t/ha, and switchgrass – 9.6 t/ha. In order to obtain stable biomass productivity of grass energy crops (miscanthus and switchgrass), it is advisable to use compost of sewage sludge and straw in a ratio of 3: 1 at a dose of 30 t/ha. Thus, two important problems are partially solved, namely increasing the productivity of energy crops and utilizing municipal waste (sewage sludge).

2

Prognostic Models of Panicum virgatum L. Using Artificial Neural Networks

Lopushniak Vasyl Ivanovych, Hrytsuliak Halyna Myhaylovna, Bykin Anatoliy Viktorovych, Bordyuzha Nadia Petryvna, Semenko Larysa Oleksandryvna, Polutrenko Myroslava Stepanivna, Kotsyubynska Yulia Zinoviyivna

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2021

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Vol. 22, nr 11

62--71

EN

The article shows the possibility of using modern methods of artificial intelligence to calculate the yield of biomass of crops according to the given set input data (fertilizer doses, agrochemical parameters of the soil, productivity). The study reflects the results of testing a model of a computer program of an artificial neural network, which allowed forecasting the yield of Panicum virgatum L. (Switchgrass) depending on the joint application of fertilizers mineral and precipitate. On the basis of the calculations, the obtained model of productivity of vegetative mass of switchgrass shows a high level of forecasting efficiency (up to 97%). According to the results of experimental studies, the use of sewage sludge at a doses of 20–40 t/ha provides a dry biomass yield of Panicum virgatum L. (Switchgrass) in the range of 13.1–20.3 t/ha, which is 3.4–7.2 t/ha more than in the option without fertilizer.

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The Models of the Heavy Metal Accumulation of the Multiple Grain Energy Cultures for Wasterwater Deposition on Oil-Polluted Degraded Soils

Lopushniak Vasyl I., Hrytsuliak Halyna M.

Ecological Engineering & Environmental Technology

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2021

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Vol. 22, iss. 4

1--13

EN

The research was conducted on the territory of Nadvirna oil and gas district of South-Hvizdetsky oil field of Ivano-Frankivsk region during 2016-2020. The production activity at the research site was stopped 45 years ago. Energy crops the Miscanthus (Miscanthus giganteus) and switchgrass (Panicum virgatum) were planted and sown on model research plots with an estimated area of 25 m2 in triplicate. The miscanthus was planted manually according to the scheme 0.50 × 0.70 m. According to studies on the oil-contaminated soils, with the introduction of different sedimentation rates wastewater, the content of the Lead when growing the miscanthus increases with the introduction of SS 40 t/ha and N10P14K58 (option 6) and is 4.30 mg/kg of soil. However, when growing the switchgrass with the same fertilizer application, the Lead content is 3.97 mg/kg of soil, which is 0.33 mg/kg of soil less than growing the miscanthus. The concentration coefficients of the gross forms of the Lead vary in the range of 1.01–1.09 during the cultivation of the miscanthus. The concentration coefficient of the gross forms of the Cadmium varies in the range of 1.09–1.56, the maximum remains in the options for the introduction of the sewage sludge at a rate of 40 t/ha and N10P14K58. The concentration coefficients of the gross forms of the Lead for growing the switchgrass 20–40 t/ha (option 4–6) are equal to 1.02–1.15. The concentration coefficient of the gross forms of the Cadmium varies between 1.18 and 1.49.

4

Potential of Production of Energy Crops in Ukraine and their Processing on Solid Biofuels

Kaletnik Grigoriy, Pryshliak Natalia, Tokarchuk Dina

Ecological Engineering & Environmental Technology

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2021

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Vol. 22, iss. 3

59--70

EN

Renewable energy sources in Ukraine account for only 4% of the total energy consumption today. At the same time, Ukraine has favorable climatic conditions and fertile soils, as well as areas of agricultural land, which make it possible to meet the demand for food products both for domestic consumption and for export. The tendencies towards the depletion of traditional fuels and their rise in price determine the diversification of the fuel and energy sector and the search for reserves for the production of their own environmentally friendly energy. The paper describes the characteristics of energy crops for biofuel production. The advantages of growing bioenergy crops were presented. The characteristics of energy crops in relation to growing conditions were determined. Ukraine has a great potential for growing the most popular energy crops: miscanthus, switchgrass, energy willow, poplar without endangering food security but this potential has not been realized yet.

5

Impact of the soil and climate conditions on the formation of the crop yield and germinating power of the switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.) seeds

Kulyk M., Rozhko I., Kurylo V., Bulgakov V., Ivanovs S., Adamovics A.

Journal of Research and Applications in Agricultural Engineering

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2018

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Vol. 63, nr 4

101--105

EN

This paper investigates the productivity of the switchgrass seeds (Panicum virgatum L.) in close interaction with the agroecological conditions of the vegetation period. An impact has been established of the storage period on the indicator of the laboratory germination power of the seeds, which has been obtained under different soil conditions. In the future a highquality seed material of the switchgrass can provide better conditions for the growth and development of plants in the initial stages of organogenesis.

PL

W pracy zbadano produktywność nasion prosa rózgowego (Panicum virgatum L.) w ścisłym powiązaniu z warunkami rolno-ekologicznymi okresu wegetacji. Ustalono wpływ okresu przechowywania na wskaźnik zdolności kiełkowania nasion przez laboratorium, uzyskany w różnych warunkach glebowych. W przyszłości wysokiej jakości materiał może zapewnić lepsze warunki wzrostu i rozwoju roślin w początkowych etapach organogenezy.

6

The effect of microbial silage additives on biogas production from perennial energy grasses

Kupryś-Caruk M. P.

Journal of Research and Applications in Agricultural Engineering

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2017

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Vol. 62, nr 2

68--71

EN

The effect of two different microbial additives on perennial energy grasses - switchgrass and big bluestem - was tested regarding the general silage quality and the biogas production from ensiled biomass. Biomass was harvested at the end of June 2013 and ensilaged with or without silage additives comprising different lactic acid bacteria strains. Methane fermentation of experimental silages was carried out at 39°C for at least 30 days. During ensiling process the content of structural polisaccharides was reduced. The effect of additives on the chemical composition of perennial grass silages was varied depending on the species of grass. Regardless of the additives, in all silages higher amount of acetic acid (methane precursor) than lactic acid was detected. The highest biogas production was obtained from switchgrass silages treated with 11CH4 additive and big bluestem silages treated with Lactosil additive. The increase was compared to the lowest lignine content in these silages.

PL

Badano wpływ mikrobiologicznych dodatków kiszonkarskich na jakość kiszonek i produkcję biogazu z traw wieloletnich - prosa rózgowatego i palczatki Gerarda. Biomasa zebrana została pod koniec czerwca 2013 r. i zakiszona bez oraz z dodatkiem dwóch preparatów zawierających różne szczepy bakterii fermentacji mlekowej. Fermentację metanową kiszonek przeprowadzono w temperaturze 39°C przez co najmniej 30 dni. W wyniku kiszenia zmniejszyła się w biomasie zawartość polisacharydów strukturalnych. Wpływ dodatków na skład chemiczny kiszonek był zróżnicowany w zależności od gatunku trawy. Niezależnie od dodatków we wszystkich kiszonkach większa była zawartość kwasu octowego (prekursora metanu) niż mlekowego. Istotnie więcej biogazu otrzymano z kiszonek z prosa z dodatkiem preparatu 11CH4 oraz z kiszonek z palczatki sporządzonych z dodatkiem preparatu Lactosil, czyli z kiszonek, w których oznaczono mniejszą zawartość ligniny w stosunku do kontroli.

7

Produktywność biogazowa prosa rózgowatego przy wykorzystaniu metody ługowania substratów

Adamski M, Pronobis Ł., Dworecki Z.

Autobusy : technika, eksploatacja, systemy transportowe

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2012

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R. 13, nr 10

94-97

PL

Proso rózgowate jest szeroko propagowaną rośliną energetyczną wykorzystywaną pierwotnie w procesie spalania biomasy. W artykule omówiono wpływ wstępnego przetwarzania prosa rózgowatego zasadą sodową na produktywność biogazową i dynamikę produkcji. Celem przeprowadzonych badań było określenie wzrostu produktywności biogazowej przy obniżonym poziomie stężenia ługu w szczepionej próbce. Badania wykazały poprawę dynamiki procesu (produktywność chwilowa) oraz zauważalny wzrost produkcji biogazu (o 11%).

EN

The switchgrass is a widely propagated energy plant used originally in the process of consuming biomass. In the article an influence of the pretreatment of the millet was discussed switchgrass with alkali (NaOH) to the biogas productivity and production dynamics. Determining the increase in the biogas productivity by the lowered level of the concentration of alkali was an aim of conducted examinations. Examinations showed the improvement in dynamics of the process (momentary productivity) and noticeable rise in the total biogas production (by the 11%).