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1
Content available Life cycle assessment and economic valuation of a natural convection solar greenhouse dryer in Western Maharashtra, India
Yadav Aditya Arvind, Prabhu Pravin A., Bagi Jaydeep S.
Journal of Mechanical and Energy Engineering
|
2022
|
Vol. 6, No 1
99--105
EN
The current study focuses on the life cycle assessment and an economic valuation of a natural convection solar greenhouse dryer in Western Maharashtra, India. The Solar Greenhouse Dryer is an active device that gains solar radiation incident on to the surface of the dryer and along with wind energy, it removes moisture from agricultural yield. The combination of solar Energy and wind energy removes moisture from agricultural yield. The Solar Greenhouse Dryer is primarily used in rural settings; hence, it is very important to analyse the environmental and economic aspects associated with the dryer to obtain the maximum benefit from the dryer with less investment possible. The experiment involving a natural convection solar dryer was conducted at Bahe, Borgaon, Tal-Walwa, Dist- Sangli, Maharashtra, India located at 17.115° N and 74.33° E. The environmental parameters taken into considerations during the analysis covered energy, Energy payback time and CO2 emissions, mitigation and carbon credits earned by the dryer. The economic analysis of the solar dryer consists of the annual cost of the dryer, the salvage value, the annual saving obtained and the payback period respectively. The embodied energy of the solar greenhouse dryer considering all the components of the dryer is 238.317 kWh, the energy payback time is 0.588 years and CO2 emissions are 24.327 kg per year, the carbon dioxide mitigation is 2.042 kg per kWh and the carbon credits earned by the dryer are nearly 28, 600. The annual cost of the dryer is Rs. 21, 600, the salvage value of the dryer is Rs. 7, 160, the annual savings obtained from the dryer are Rs. 1,62, 574 and the payback period is around 2 years respectively. The Solar Greenhouse Dryer is a cost-effective and environmentally friendly solution that can effectively be used in rural settings by farmers to prevent various post-harvest losses associated with the agricultural yield and to gain extra additional income from the dried products.
2
Content available Drying kinetics of a solar dryer for drying of potato chips in Western Maharashtra, India
Yadav Aditya Arvind, Bagi Jaydeep S., Prabhu Pravin A.
Journal of Mechanical and Energy Engineering
|
2022
|
Vol. 6, No 1
91--97
EN
The current study focuses on the performance of a solar greenhouse dryer for drying of potato chips in Solar Dryer and Open sun conditions in Western Maharashtra. Potato chips is a value added product that can be effectively used during throughout the year as snacks, a side dish or an appetizer. It can be either deep dried or backed for consumption. The dried potato contains a high fiber content and it helps to lower the cholesterol level in blood reducing the risk of blood pressure if consumed backed. Potato chips can effectively be stored for one year to six months and consumed as snacks. The experiment was conducted for drying of potato chips in Solar Greenhouse Dryer and open sun conditions on 1st of April 2021 for 6 hours. The initial weight of the potato chips to be dried was 500 grams both for the solar greenhouse dryer and open sun drying conditions. The experiment was conducted at Bahe, Borgaon, Tal-Walwa, Dist-Sangli, Maharashtra, India located at 17.115°N and 74.33°E. The experimental observations collected during the tests were set as input data for the Design of the Experiments (DoE) i.e., for Response Surface Modelling (RSM). The main aim of using DoE i.e., Response Surface Modelling, is to obtain an optimum region for drying of potato chips in the Solar Greenhouse Dryer, from the surface plot; the region of maxima and minima was obtained. The contour plot obtained during modeling resembles the optimum region of drying; the optimum region for drying of potato chips is 47 to 50°C respectively. The Moisture Removal Rate (MRR) for drying of potato chips in the Solar Greenhouse Dryer and Open sun drying is 83% and 78% respectively. The drying rate observed during the experiment has a better resemblance with simulated Response Surface Modelling.
3
Content available Response surface modelling and performance evaluation of solar dryer for drying of grapes
Yadav Aditya Arvind, Prabhu Pravin A., Bagi Jaydeep S.
Journal of Mechanical and Energy Engineering
|
2021
|
Vol. 5, No 2
157--168
EN
The current study focuses on the performance of the Solar Greenhouse Dryer for drying of grapes for raisin production in the Solar Dryer and Open sun condition in Western Maharashtra. The grape is also known as Vitis Vinifera, and it is a sub-tropical fruit with excess pulp content. The grapes are used as an immune booster as it contains various Phyto-chemicals which reduce various diseases. It is estimated that nearly 80% of grapes produced in India are exported to European countries. The Maharashtra state ranks first in the production of grapes; probably, Western Maharashtra produces nearly 800 thousand tons of grapes every year. The major wastage of grapes is due to a low sugar content, glossy appearance, shrinkage, excess water in the berry, scorching and size variations. Therefore, there is a need to preserve grapes by drying and production of raisins for a non-seasonal requirement. The experiment was conducted for drying of grapes in the Solar Greenhouse Dryer and Open Sun conditions from 1st of April to 4th of April for 48 hours. The initial weight of the grapes to be dried was 500 grams for both the Solar Greenhouse Dryer and Open Sun drying conditions. The experiment was conducted at Bahe, Borgaon, Tal-Walwa, Dist-Sangli, Maharashtra, India located at 17.115oN and 74.33oE. The experimental observations collected during the `experimentation were set as input data for the Design of Experiments i.e., for Response Surface Modelling (RSM). The main aim of using DOE i.e., Response Surface Modelling, is to obtain an optimum region for drying of grapes in the Solar Greenhouse Dryer, from the Surface plot; a region of maxima and minima was obtained. The contour plot obtained during modelling resembles the optimum region of drying, the optimum region for drying grapes is 45 to 50oC respectively. The Moisture Removal Rate (MRR) for drying of grapes in the Solar Greenhouse Dryer and in the Open Sun drying is 73.6% and 57.2% respectively. The drying rate observed during the experiment has a better resemblance with simulated Response Surface Modelling.
4
Content available Numerical simulation and experimental validation of solar greenhouse dryer using finite element analysis for different roof shapes
Yadav Aditya Arvind, Prabhu Pravin A., Bagi Jaydeep S.
Journal of Mechanical and Energy Engineering
|
2021
|
Vol. 5, No 1
69--79
EN
The present study focuses on the numerical simulation and experimental validation of a Solar Greenhouse Dryer (SGHD). The Solar Dryers are the devices which uses solar energy to dry substances, especially crops with high moisture content, and the word Greenhouse means protection of crops from excess hot or cold climatic conditions and unwanted pests. Thus, Solar Greenhouse Dryer is a device which utilizes solar energy for drying of crops with high moisture content and prevents it from excess climatic conditions and provides optimum range of temperature and prevents the dried product from pests and dust while drying. The numerical simulation of SGHD was performed using Finite Element Analysis software ANSYS 2020 R2. Initially three different roof shapes were modelled using software CATIA V5 R3 namely triangular, trapezoidal and dome shape. The modelled SGHDs was then introduced to ANSYS domain for numerical analysis. The models were initially meshed in ANSYS workbench with unstructured tetrahedral structure of mesh over all the domains. The Solar Ray tracing content was used for numerical simulation of dryers, the solar ray tracing is used to predict direct illumination energy source produced by sun at experimental site. The experiment for no-load test was conducted at Bahe Borgaon, Dist- Sangli, Maharashtra, India at 17.115°N and 74.33°E.
5
Content available remote Applying CFD for studying the dynamic and thermal behavior of an indirect solar dryer: paramertric analysis
Khaldi S., Korti A. N., Abboudi S.
Mechanics and Mechanical Engineering
|
2018
|
Vol. 22, nr 1
253--272
EN
In this work, an indirect solar dryer integrated thermal storage for drying figs. (Ficuscarica) is studied numerically. Unsteady turbulent airflow and heat transfer through a two-dimensional model is carried out for a typical day of August under the climatic conditions of Tlemcen (Algeria). Effects of air inlet size and thickness of the packed bed on the dynamic and thermal behaviors of the dryer with and without packed bed have been discussed. The study shows that: (1) Increase the inlet size from 0.04 m to 0.10 m can accelerate the extraction of air by about 13% and reduce the maximum crops temperature by about 14%. (2) The packed bed can reduce the mass flow rate extracted by 22% and the fluctuations of air temperature by 1.3%. (3) A packed bed with a thickness of 0.15 m can extend the operating time of the dryer up to 23%.
6
Content available remote Badania doświadczalne suszarni słonecznej osadów ściekowych – szybkość suszenia w funkcji parametrów wentylacji
Krawczyk P.
Zeszyty Naukowe Politechniki Rzeszowskiej. Mechanika
|
2015
|
z. 87 [291], nr 1
37--44
PL
Suszarnie słoneczne osadów ściekowych stają się coraz popularniejszym rozwiązaniem stosowanym w małych i średnich oczyszczalniach ścieków jako element ich gospodarki osadowej. Pomimo tej coraz większej popularności, nieliczne są w literaturze prace opisujące procesy cieplno-przepływowe zachodzące w tego typu obiektach. Brakuje również zaleceń konstrukcyjnych oraz eksploatacyjnych dotyczących budowy suszarni słonecznych osadów. Jest to związane z bardzo wąskim gronem producentów, a także ze specyfiką tego typu obiektów, przejawiającą się dużym uzależnieniem od lokalnych uwarunkowań. W artykule wykorzystano podejście opierające się na pojęciu potencjału suszarniczego powietrza wentylacyjnego do analizy parametrów pracy suszarni słonecznej osadów. Wyznaczono m.in. zależności na szybkość suszenia w funkcji temperatury i wilgotności powietrza wentylacyjnego. Podstawę prowadzonych analiz stanowiły dane doświadczalne zebrane w czasie eksploatacji badawczej suszarni słonecznej osadów ściekowych zlokalizowanej w oczyszczalni w Skarżysku-Kamiennej.
EN
Solar sewage sludge dryers are becoming increasingly popular solution used in small and medium-sized sewage treatment plants as part of their sludge management. Despite their growing popularity, there are few works in the literature concerning the description of thermal and flow processes occurring in this type of facilities. There is also lack of design and operational recommendations for the construction of solar drying of sludge. It is associated with a very small group of producers as well as their high dependence on local conditions. The article uses an approach based on the concept of ventilation air drying potential, for the analysis of dryer work – prediction of evaporation rate as a function of the temperature and humidity of the ventilation air. The analyzes were based on experimental data collected during the test operation of solar drying of sewage sludge located in Skarżysko-Kamienna (Poland).
7
Blaski i cienie suszarni słonecznych
Sadecka Z., Trojanowska K.
Wodociągi - Kanalizacja
|
2015
|
nr 4
36--39
8
Zagospodarowanie osadów ściekowych
Trojanowska K.
Wodociągi - Kanalizacja
|
2014
|
nr 7-8
42--44
9
Suszarnie słoneczne - aspekty ekonomiczne
Trojanowska K.
Wodociągi - Kanalizacja
|
2013
|
nr 5
76, 78--80
10
Content available Ekonomiczne aspekty budowy i eksploatacji suszarni słonecznej
Przybyła C., Filipiak J., Bykowski J.
Rocznik Ochrona Środowiska
|
2012
|
Tom 14
718--728
PL
Celem pracy była analiza ekonomicznych aspektów budowy i eksploatacji suszarni słonecznej osadów uzyskiwanych podczas procesu oczyszczania scieków w gminnej oczyszczalni na przykładzie trzech wariantów inwestyczyjnych, zróżnicowanych pod względem stosowanych urządzeń: wariant 1 (podstawowy) – suszarnia o wymiarach 33,6 x 32 x 5,96 m i wydajności 400 Mg/rok. Obiekt istniejący, powstały w 2007 roku w ramach modernizacji oczyszczalni ścieków w Bytkowie, był pierwszym tego typu obiektem w Polsce, w którym zastosowano promieniowanie słoneczne (źródło energii odnawialnej) do procesu osuszania osadów, wariant 2 – suszarnia o wymiarach 33,6 x 32 x 5,96 m i założonej wydajności 800 Mg/rok. W stosunku do rozwiązań wariantu 1 suszarnię planuje się wyposażyć dodatkowo w urządzenia do mechanicznego przewracania osadów (przewracarka), wariant 3 – suszarnia słoneczna o wymiarach 120 x 12 x 5,96 m i założonej wydajności 1200 Mg/rok. W stosunku do rozwiązań wariantu 1 suszarnię planuje się wyposażyć w urządzenia do mechanicznego przewracania osadów (przewracarka) oraz do wentylacji.
EN
The paper presents an analysis of economic aspects of the construction and operation of a solar drying plant of sludge accumulating during the process of sludge removal in a communal sewage treatment plant, on the basis of three investment variants differentiated regarding the applied installations: Variant 1 (the basic one) of the drying plant represents a building covering an area of 33.6 x 32 m x 5.96 m and an expected output of 400 Mg per year. The existing object was developed in the year 2007 within the modernization of the sewage treatment plant in Bytkow. It was the first object of this type in Poland, where solar radiation (the source of renewable energy) was applied to the drying process of sludge. Variant 2 a drying plant with an area of 33.6 x 32 x 5.96 m and an assumed output of 800 Mg per year.. In comparison with Variant 1, the drying plant should have an additional installation for mechanical turning-over of the sludge (a turning-over device). Variant 3 a solar drying plant measuring 120 x 12 x 5.96 m and with an assumed output of 1200 Mg per year. In relation to variant 1, it is planned to equip the drying plant with an installation for mechanical turning-over of the sludge (a turning-over device) and an installation for ventilation. The calculation of the construction and operation, as well as the expected effects was carried out on the basis of financial data (balance-sheet) obtained from the plant operation in an Enterprise of Communal Services in Rokietnica, from our own calculations and from data referring to the rates and unit prices in the year 2011 without the VAT tax. For the estimation of the technical and economic effectiveness of the absorptive power of the analysed investment, the following indices of capital consumption have been applied: capital absorptive power of the unit cost of plant operation, the mean annual unit cost of the actualized net value and the discounted return period. The total costs of the object construction can be essentially differentiated and they can amount from 0.623 mln PLN, in case of the basic variant, to 1.585 mm. PLN for the most technologically advanced variant equipped with installations for mechanical turning-over of sludge (a turning-over device) and for ventilation. Taking into consideration the surface area of the analysed drying plant, the unit cost has been estimated for 580.944 PLN and 1101 PLN, respectively, for 1 2. The running operation costs of the particular solar drying plant variants, the pay costs, insurance costs and other services for the workers have been added. In case of variants 2 and 3 of the sewage treatment plant, also the costs of material consumption, energy and foreign services needed for the proper functioning of the additionally in-stalled technical installations have been added. The annual operation costs of variants 1, 2 and 3 have been estimated for 11, 32 and 135 PLN per one square meter of the drying plant area, respectively. In conditions of the accepted assumptions referring to the efficiency of the installations, the annual revenue for the basic variant of the drying plant can amount to 80 thous. PLN, while for the variant euipped with the turning-over device to 364 thous. PLN, while for the variant equipped with a turning-over device and the ventilation installation, the costs can reach 546 thous. PLN. The introduction of additional installations would potentially increase the economic productivity of variant 2 by about 4.5-times, and the variant 3 - by 6.8 times, in relation to the basic variant 1. Taking into consideration the assumed parameters of the calculation, all three analysed variants of sludge drying plant can be regarded as profitable ones. From the economic point of view, the most justified is the realization of the object equiped with a device for the turning-over of the sludge. The return of the investment outlays, in case of the last variant may be expected after 3 years and 9 months from the date of the started plant operation, while the total value with a net profit value (NPV) can be expected after 18 years of the object operation and it can amount to about 2 millions PLN.
11
Suszenie osadów ściekowych w suszarniach słonecznych
Ratajczak P.
Przegląd Komunalny
|
2010
|
nr 4
40-42
PL
W zakresie odwadniania i suszenia osadów ściekowych coraz większą popularność w naszym kraju zyskują technologie suszenia osadów w szklarniach słonecznych lub specjalnych suszarkach wysokotemperaturowych. Systemy mechaniczne, stosujące piece do suszenia osadów, to m.in. suszarnie fluidalne, taśmowe i bębnowe, które w skomplikowanych układach instalacyjnych uzyskują wysokie i kształtujące się na stałym poziomie efekty wysuszenia.
12
Jak wykorzystywać energię słoneczną do suszenia osadów ściekowych?
Luboschik U., Trojanowska K.
Czysta Energia
|
2005
|
Nr 9
26-27
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