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Understanding the relationship between firms’ level of knowledge on the smart city concept and the size of the firm – an empirical study

Misiak-Kwit Sandra, Wiścicka-Fernando Małgorzata

Zeszyty Naukowe. Organizacja i Zarządzanie / Politechnika Śląska

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2024

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z. 193

157--168

EN

Purpose: On the one hand, companies become consumers of a smart city, but on the other, they are also co-creators and/or initiators of new goals. The implementation of the smart city concept requires specific knowledge, especially from businesses, who are active participants in the process. The aim of the paper is to gain new knowledge about the relationship between firms’ level of knowledge on the smart city concept and the size of the company. Design/methodology/approach: The survey was carried out in 2021 using the CATI, CAWI interview method on a random sample of 217 companies in the West Pomeranian region in the Republic of Poland. The Chi-square test for independence and the Kruskal-Wallis test were conducted. Findings: A Kruskal-Wallis H test revealed no statistically significant difference in the level of smart city knowledge across the five analyzed groups based on company size. The study results indicate no significant association between company size and the four selected statements regarding smart city concept. The presented data could be the basis for the preparation of an appropriate strategy for sustainable operation, taking into account the important factor, which is people, including entrepreneurs. Research limitations/implications: The authors suggest conducting the same analysis with a larger sample size to generalize the phenomena. The authors believe that it is worth examining the level of knowledge not only of companies from the West Pomeranian voivodeship, but also from all over Poland, which may precisely illustrate the level of understanding of the smart city concept. Practical implications: Research results are important not only for regional policymakers but also for researchers interested in the field of strategic smart city development. Due to changes taking place in the perception of the city’s role, the concept of a smart and sustainable city is becoming increasingly important not only for city authorities but also for businesses. Social implications: The implementation of the smart city concept requires conscious and thoughtful steps, but also created in cooperation with all participants, especially residents and businesses, who are active participants in the process. Originality/value: Addressing a research gap in association between company size and the knowledge about the smart city concept, this study sought to provide valuable insights.

2

Environmental and social aspects of sustainable development – a case study of food companies including consumer attitudes and behavior

Garbowska Bożena, Radzymińska Monika

Zeszyty Naukowe. Organizacja i Zarządzanie / Politechnika Śląska

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2024

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z. 192

255--273

EN

Purpose: Competing for increasing numbers and more conscious consumers, as well as the emergence of new generations on the market, necessitates the continuous improvement of knowledge about pro-environmental and pro-social consumer attitudes and behavior. Therefore, this study attempts to: - identify the type of actions taken within the framework of sustainable development by selected food brands, - assess the pro-environmental and pro-social attitudes of young consumers purchasing food products, - determine whether environmental and social aspects are a criterion for food choice among young consumers. Design/methodology/approach: The research was conducted in two stages. In the first, an analysis was made of messages posted on the websites of selected food brands. In the second, a quantitative survey was conducted among young consumers (n = 420) by indirect online survey measurement, using a survey questionnaire posted on Google form. Findings: Young consumers have positive pro-environmental and pro-social attitudes. According to the respondents, the social involvement of companies influences the positive image and popularity of the products offered. Nevertheless, almost half of all consumers declared reluctance to pay more for the purchase of goods whose producers are involved in philanthropic and pro-environmental activities. This suggests that, in the opinion of this segment of respondents, it is entrepreneurs who should take financial responsibility for their actions by not raising the prices of the products they sell. It has been shown that concern for others by purchasing socially committed brands and the environmental friendliness of the product have lower rankings in the hierarchy of food product selection factors. Research limitations/implications: The research was conducted on a narrow subject basis, so the results obtained cannot be generalized to the entire segment of young consumers. The scope of the presented research is also limited. The results of the research should be considered as a pilot. Practical implications: The findings are relevant to managers implementing brand sustainability campaigns in the food production sector. They point to the need to continue such activities aimed at fostering altruistic and pro-environmental attitudes among the society. Originality/value: This study highlights that sustainability encompasses a wide range of activities with diverse ways of communicating value to consumers.

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Data-driven approach in sustainable city management

Radziszewska Aleksandra

Zeszyty Naukowe. Organizacja i Zarządzanie / Politechnika Śląska

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2024

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z. 193

405--419

EN

Purpose: This study aims to examine the relationships between the use of data-driven solutions in key areas of sustainable city management (urban planning, mobility and transportation management, and environment protection) and city’s position in the global smart cities ranking (the IESE Cities in Motion Index). Design/methodology/approach: A case study methodology is adopted to examine and compare the possibilities of implementing data-driven approaches in sustainable city management, in order to gain a better understanding of this new urban phenomenon. Data and information about data-driven smart city initiatives have been collected from secondary sources. The presented case studies were explored through desk research using online resources, such as the web pages of smart city initiatives. Smart Cities were selected based on their rankings in the IESE Cities in Motion Index 2022. In addition, multiple regressions were used to identify the relationship between the independent variables (environment protection, mobility and transportation management, urban planning) and dependent variable-value of city’s ranking in the IESE Cities in Motion Index. Findings: The results illustrate that the majority of cities use data-driven solutions in all categories to improve city management, efficiency and achieve sustainability goals. All research hypotheses have been accepted, therefore data-driven solutions implemented in all key areas of sustainable city management (urban planning, mobility and transportation management, and environment protection) positively influence performance of achieving sustainability goals. Research limitations/implications: The selection of a limited number of case studies is a limitation of this research. It is therefore important to explore the potential of data-driven smart city solutions in urban development and city management in more detail by considering more cases. Future research should explore the impacts of other variables related to sustainability, which can determinate performance of sustainable city management. A future study should try to validate the result by using a wider sample. Originality/value: The conducted research combines quantitative and quantitative analysis in order to identify the determinants of effective achievement of sustainable development goals in city management. This study provides a form of grounding for further discussion to debate over big data computing on forms of the operational functioning, planning, design, development, and governance of smart sustainable cities in the future.

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Odsalanie wody morskiej wykorzystując proces destylacji membranowej : możliwości i szanse

Gontarek-Castro Emilia

Wiadomości Chemiczne

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2024

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[Z] 78, 3-4

303--320

PL

Problem dostępu do czystej wody na świecie staje się coraz bardziej poważny. Rozwój nowych zasobów wodnych jest kluczowy dla zapewnienia wystarczającej ilości wody pitnej dla ludzi i zwierząt, a także do zaspokojenia potrzeb przemysłowych, rolniczych i innych sektorów gospodarki. Istnieje wiele innowacyjnych rozwiązań, które mogą pomóc w rozwiązaniu tego problemu. Destylacja membranowa (ang. membrane distillation, MD) to obiecująca technologia odsalania wody morskiej ze względu na zdolność przetwarzania wód o wysokim zasoleniu i możliwość wykorzystania ciepła odpadowego lub alternatywnych źródeł energii. Jednakże, praktyczne zastosowania membran do MD są ograniczone przez niski przepływ pary wodnej i problem z porastaniem i zanieczyszczeniami na membranie. Z tego powodu, w ostatnim czasie wzrosło zainteresowanie opracowywaniem nowych materiałów membranowych o zwiększonej hydrofobowości w celu poprawy wydajności odsalania. Niniejsza praca, przedstawia przegląd danych literaturowych dotyczących destylacji membranowej, możliwości jej zastosowania i szans na jej transformację zgodnie z zasadami zielonej chemii i zrównoważonego rozwoju.

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Assessing the impact of land cover and land use change on urban infrastructure resilience in Abuja, Nigeria: a case study from 2017 to 2022

Adewumi Rowland, Agbasi Okechukwu Ebuka

Structure and Environment

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2024

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Vol. 16, no. 1

6--17

EN

The remarkable feature of rapid urbanisation, which has fundamentally altered the distribution of land cover and land use (LULC), is what sets the contemporary era apart. The impact of these modifications on the resilience of Abuja’s metropolitan infrastructure from 2017 to 2022 is examined in this study. Our study examined the dynamic changes in LULC using information from remote sensing, geospatial analysis software, and land cover categorization techniques. The findings indicate major changes in Abuja’s topography, including a decrease in the number of water bodies, a decrease in the number of trees, the expansion of urban areas, changes in agricultural land use, and fluctuations in the amount of grazing land. The previously mentioned changes have significant consequences for urban infrastructure resilience, affecting various sectors such as water supply, transportation, housing, utilities, and food distribution systems. The infrastructure supporting water supply and sanitation may be severely stretched as the number of water bodies decreases, affecting the quantity and quality of accessible water supplies. As metropolitan areas expand, greater strain is placed on transportation infrastructure, exacerbating traffic congestion and complicating road maintenance difficulties. Changes in agricultural land use can have an impact on food production and distribution, hence affecting food security. Deforestation can cause ecological deterioration, affecting a variety of aspects such as temperature regulation, biological diversity, and atmospheric purity. Adaptive approaches, green infrastructure, and adopting sustainable urban design can all strengthen the resilience of urban infrastructure, according to this study. The significance of renewable energy adoption, community participation, green building laws, the establishment of public-private partnerships, integrated water resource management, and data-driven decision-making is emphasised. Improving legal frameworks that prioritise resilience and sustainability is critical. It is critical to have a complete grasp of the complicated links between changes in LULC, and the resilience of urban infrastructure in order to enable educated urban design and decision-making processes. Policymakers and urban planners may address and minimise the negative consequences of climate change while improving the overall quality of life in cities by using sustainable development practises. The findings of this study have the potential to dramatically improve Abuja’s people’s well-being and sustainability, especially given the variety of urban difficulties they encounter.

PL

Współczesną erę wyróżnia niezwykle szybka urbanizacja, która zasadniczo zmieniła rozkład pokrycia terenu i użytkowa- nia gruntów (LULC). W niniejszym badaniu przeanalizowano wpływ tych zmian na odporność infrastruktury metropo- litalnej Abudży w latach 2017-2022. Dynamiczne zmiany LULC zbadano przy użyciu informacji z teledetekcji, oprogra- mowania do analizy geoprzestrzennej oraz technik kategoryzacji pokrycia terenu. Wyniki wskazują na poważne zmiany w topografii Abudży, w tym spadek liczby zbiorników wodnych, spadek liczby drzew, ekspansję obszarów miejskich, zmiany w użytkowaniu gruntów rolnych i wahania w ilości pastwisk. Zmiany te mają znaczące konsekwencje dla od- porności infrastruktury miejskiej, wpływając na różne sektory, takie jak zaopatrzenie w wodę, transport, mieszkalnic- two, usługi komunalne i systemy dystrybucji żywności. Infrastruktura wspierająca zaopatrzenie w wodę i urządzenia sanitarne może być poważnie obciążona, ponieważ malejąca liczba zbiorników wodnych odbija się na ilości i jakości dostępnych zasobów wody. Wraz z rozwojem obszarów metropolitalnych rośnie obciążenie infrastruktury transportowej, co zwiększa natężenie ruchu i komplikuje utrzymanie dróg. Zmiany w użytkowaniu gruntów rolnych wpływają na pro- dukcję i dystrybucję żywności, a tym samym na bezpieczeństwo żywnościowe. Wylesianie może powodować pogorszenie stanu środowiska, wpływając na regulację temperatury, różnorodność biologiczną i czystość atmosfery. Według naszych badań podejście adaptacyjne, zielona infrastruktura i przyjęcie zrównoważonego projektowania urbanistycznego mogą wzmocnić odporność infrastruktury miejskiej. Podkreśla się znaczenie energii odnawialnej, udziału społeczności, przepi- sów dotyczących zielonego budownictwa, ustanowienia partnerstw publiczno-prywatnych, zintegrowanego zarządzania zasobami wodnymi i podejmowania decyzji w oparciu o dane. Kluczowe znaczenie ma poprawa ram prawnych, które powinny priorytetowo traktować kwestie odporności miejskiej oraz zrównoważonego rozwoju. Świadome projektowanie urbanistyczne i procesy decyzyjne możliwe są jedynie przy zrozumieniu skomplikowanych powiązań między zmianami w LULC a odpornością infrastruktury miejskiej. Zastosowanie praktyk zrównoważonego rozwoju umożliwi decydentom i urbanistom zminimalizowanie negatywnych konsekwencji zmian klimatycznych oraz podniesienie ogólnej jakości życia w miastach. Wyniki tego badania mogą potencjalnie znacznie poprawić dobrobyt i zrównoważony rozwój mieszkańców Abudży, zwłaszcza biorąc pod uwagę różnorodność napotykanych przez nich trudności miejskich.

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Sustainable oases agriculture : A journey through Morocco’s date palm production system

Hamriri Kaoutar, Atmani Majid, Abidar Ali, Aziz Larbi, Fagroud Mustapha, Bouamri Rachid

Journal of Water and Land Development

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2024

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no. 60

1--11

EN

In the heart of Moroccan oases, date palm trees stand as the lifeblood of local communities, serving as both a livelihood cornerstone and a dietary treasure trove. Morocco has long been a leading date fruit producer. Yet, amidst the palm groves, several environmental, technical, and socio-economic challenges have threatened the sustainability of this ancient crop. This study assesses the constraints and limitations of the date palm production system in Tafilalet oases that have kept this crop from reaching its full potential. A total of 56 producers were interviewed using an open-closed survey, illuminating interviews with key informants, dynamic focus group discussions, and direct observations in palm groves. The findings reveal that primary restrictions and barriers impeding the progress of this sector are: producers’ moderate education level and the limited adoption of technological innovation, few opportunities given to young producers, palm groves’ fragmentation, poor management of date fruits, low imports of the necessary inputs (fertilisers, irrigation, etc.), and the poor organisation of the marketing circuit (storage and packaging). Advocate renewed commitment to preserve and modernise palm groves, blending heritage with modern practices for thriving, sustainable date palm production. It is entirely conceivable to produce organic dates in the region since producers use a few quantities of chemical products, notably fertilisers and phytosanitary products.

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Sustainability Analysis of Domestic Raw Water Supply in Bandung City of Indonesia

Mulyatna Lili, Asdak Chay, Gunawan Budhi, Yustiani Yonik Meilawati

Geomatics and Environmental Engineering

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2024

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Vol. 18, no. 2

5--20

EN

The availability and sustainability of good quantities and qualities of water supplies for human needs and support development should be warranted; therefore, existing water resources should be managed sustainably. A multidisciplinary rapid appraisal method called multidimensional scaling (MDS) is an approach for a comprehensive analysis of the sustainability statuses of domestic water supplies. This study aims to analyze the index and sustainability status of raw water management from three dimensions of sustainability. The results that were obtained from a specific multidimensional scaling analysis method called Rapid Appraisal for Air Baku (Rapaku) are expressed in the form of indices and sustainability statuses. Based on different dimensions of the sustainability status review, the analysis results showed that Bandung’s domestic raw water was “less sustainable” (42.34%). Of the 35 attributes that were analyzed, there were 13 sensitive attributes that affected the index and sustainability status with a very small error at a 95% confidence level.

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Industry sector’s influence on the narratives in environmental disclosures in the opinion of reports preparers. Evidence from Poland

Bąk Melania, Strojek-Filus Marzena, Bąk Andrzej

Economics and Environment

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2024

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no. 1

art. no. 657

EN

The narrative phenomenon in accounting concerns, i.e., the disclosure of environmental information and the impression management of stakeholders. The study examines and assesses the dependence between the company’s industry of activity and the narration perception adopted by the preparers of environmental reports, in particular, the impression management techniques used. To achieve the purpose of the article, an in-depth survey was conducted covering a non-random sample of the employees of Polish enterprises involved in the preparation and reporting of environmental information. Contingency tables and association measures for categorical variables were used in the statistical analysis of the survey data. The analysis results of the collected empirical data confirmed that the company’s industry of activity impacts the way report preparers evaluate the scope and apply narrative strategies, especially impression management techniques. The research expands knowledge on the perception of the importance of environmental disclosures and the issue of environmental narrative practices from an enterprise perspective. The results of the analysis indicated a level of pro-environmental awareness and confirmed the knowledge of narrative strategies and techniques. This study contributes to the discussion on the effects of environmental narrative in accounting, offering yet another element of the current practice diagnosis in this area in Poland.

PL

Zjawisko narracji w rachunkowości dotyczy między innymi ujawniania informacji środowiskowych i zarządzania wrażeniem interesariuszy. Celem jest zbadanie i ocena związku między branżą działalności przedsiębiorstwa a postrzeganiem przez sporządzających raporty środowiskowe stosowanej narracji, w szczególności technik zarządzania wrażeniem. Aby osiągnąć cel artykułu, przeprowadzono pogłębione badanie ankietowe na nielosowej próbie pracowników polskich przedsiębiorstw zajmujących się przygotowywaniem i raportowaniem informacji środowiskowych. W analizie statystycznej danych ankietowych wykorzystano tablice kontyngencji i miary asocjacji dla zmiennych kategorialnych. Wyniki analizy zgromadzonych danych empirycznych potwierdziły, że branża prowadzonej działalności przedsiębiorstwa ma wpływ na to, jak pracownicy sporządzający raporty oceniają zakres i stosowane strategie narracji, w szczególności techniki zarządzania wrażeniem. Badania poszerzają wiedzę w obszarze postrzegania znaczenia ujawnień środowiskowych oraz problemu stosowanych praktyk w zakresie narracji środowiskowej z punktu widzenia przedsiębiorstw. Wyniki analizy wykazały poziom świadomości proekologicznej oraz potwierdziły znajomość strategii i technik narracyjnych. Badania wpisują się w dyskusję na temat skutków narracji środowiskowej w rachunkowości oraz stanowią kolejny element diagnozy aktualnej praktyki w tym zakresie w Polsce.

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Proposal of an Encapsulation-led Disposal Method for Tannery Sludge – a Circularity Approach

Saravanan Jeyabarathi, Venkateswara Rao Polisetty, Pulijala Bhavani, Ravindran T., Venkata Siva Sai G. C.

Civil and Environmental Engineering Reports

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2024

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Vol. 34, no. 1

47--75

EN

In the context of achieving sustainable development goals, continuously pushing possible extended research and attempting to implement the respective outcomes in expanding a circular economy for a broad range of products are high priorities. In this paper, we considered disposable tannery sludge as a matter of concern and proposed an innovative framework for placing tannery sludge in the economic value chain via an encapsulation technique-based construction product development. We used polypropylene plastic and a cement-water matrix as encapsulation materials, and the encapsulated tannery sludge bodies were tested for their drop strength, water absorbing behaviour, ability to leach chromium and tendency to lose weight upon ignition. Value of water absorption for the prepared double layered encapsulated tannery sludge bodies was 1.332%, the drop strength performance index arrived was 90% and 0.0001 µg/g of Chromium leaching was found in Toxicity Characteristic Leaching Procedure (TCLP) and shown 67% weight loss in thermogravimetric (TGA) analysis. The results confirmed the possibility of ecocompatible disposal and recirculation of tannery sludge for the sustainable production of building blocks in the form of encapsulated bodies. The outcomes of our work add upon a new perspective to the existing literature regarding the environmentally positive utilization of tannery sludge in the production of building blocks.

10

Strategic management in conditions of uncertainty

Dźwigoł Henryk, Dźwigoł-Barosz Mariola

Zeszyty Naukowe. Organizacja i Zarządzanie / Politechnika Śląska

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2023

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z. 168

119--131

EN

Purpose: to analyse the variables influencing the construction of a new approach in the strategic management process of an enterprise operating under uncertainty. As a theoretical background for the research, the 'valued' concepts related to business management occurring in the global economy were used, i.e. the concepts of knowledge economy, network organisation, sustainable development, time management and social participation. Design/methodology/approach: it is necessary to use methods in practice for research in management science based on observation of facts and the classification used in the methodology of inductive sciences such as: • observation carried out under natural conditions and interaction with the companies under investigation, • observation-intervention which takes place within the framework of transformation activities in companies, and the researcher has a direct influence on the decisions made in this respect. This implies the need to combine scientific and practical objectives. Findings: The market has forced a move away from the traditional business management approach to task-focused teams, where today's boss may be his subordinate's subordinate tomorrow, because that is better for the objectives of a particular project. These groups will be interdisciplinary, according to the nature of the task, and their participants will gain a pretty good knowledge of what the other partners are up to and will be prepared enough to replace them with dignity in forced situations. This approach offers an opportunity for the company to adapt more quickly to dynamic changes in the environment. Research limitations/implications: The research should address the development of a tool to support the selection of methods and approaches for the strategic management process under uncertainty. Practical implications: The authors have identified only some of the determinants of strategic management under uncertainty, such as the knowledge economy, sustainable development, network structure in the enterprise, time management, soft factors in the management process under uncertainty - emotional intelligence. The research should not only develop new approaches in the process of strategic management, but also identify management methods that should primarily be applied under conditions of uncertainty. Originality/value: In the conditions of pandemics and wars, it is necessary to develop a flexible approach to the process of strategic corporate management. It is also necessary to develop or modify existing management methods for these difficult times of dynamic change in the environment.

11

Smart mobility in smart city – Copenhagen and Barcelona comparision

Wolniak Radosław

Zeszyty Naukowe. Organizacja i Zarządzanie / Politechnika Śląska

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2023

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z. 172

679--697

EN

Purpose: The goal of the paper is to analyze the main differences between the smart mobility idea implementation in Copenhagen and Barcelona. Design/methodology/approach: Critical literature analysis. Analysis of international literature from main databases and polish literature and legal acts connecting with researched topic. Findings: The papers compares the smart mobility solutions implemented in Copenhagen and Barcelona, two cities that have developed comprehensive and innovative transportation systems. While both cities have sustainable, efficient, and convenient transportation systems, they differ in their focus and governance structure. Copenhagen is a leading city in sustainable transportation, with a strong focus on cycling infrastructure and an integrated public transportation system. On the other hand, Barcelona focuses on reducing traffic congestion and improving air quality, with innovative solutions such as a low-emission zone and a smart parking system. Additionally, Copenhagen has a highly centralized governance structure, while Barcelona adopts a more decentralized approach, engaging citizens and stakeholders in transportation decision-making. Originality/value: Detailed analysis of differences between Copenhagen and Barcelona in the case of smart mobility implementation.

12

Smart City trends and innovations shaping the future of cities

Okello Janet Awino, Akoko John Ayieko

Zeszyty Naukowe. Organizacja i Zarządzanie / Politechnika Śląska

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2023

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z. 169

553--561

EN

Purpose: To highlight the current smart city trends and innovations that will shape the future of modern cities. Design/methodology/approach: This article review is based on a theoretical literature review on the idea of smart city trends and innovations globally. The theoretical approach was based on published journals, government sources, and other sources. Findings: Human needs as well as the development of electronic-based projects for urban areas have evolved over the years. Environmental pollution has caused a drastic change in climate, urbanization happening rapidly, and more pandemics are expected in the future. But with modern technology advancements, it's important for public institutions and private entities to collaborate to make cities more sustainable. Smart energy solutions, urban planning, and smart health communities are important to smart city trends that can help to significantly transform urban centers. Originality/value: the presented review paper provides a current realistic overview of the innovations and trends implemented for smart city projects. They are implemented in some of the major cities of the world and their influence is important in shaping the lives of urban residents and the future of cities.

13

Key indicators as a source of analysis of the level of progress of sustainable development

Czerwińska Karolina, Pacana Andrzej, Kudelas Dušan

Zeszyty Naukowe. Organizacja i Zarządzanie / Politechnika Śląska

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2023

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z. 172

151--164

EN

Purpose: The purpose of the study was to analyze the importance of the issue and the level of sustainable development in the context of the functioning of Poland and Slovakia against the background of the European Union, based on a system of indicators, and to analyze the level of implementation of selected sustainable development goals by these countries. Design/methodology/approach: The research process was based on the diagnostic survey method. The techniques used for data collection were content analysis and desk research. The study covered the years 2000-2021. Findings: Both in theory and in practice, a problem has been recognized, namely that the surveillance methods developed are fraught with various disadvantages (e.g., standardization or uniformity of data for all EU countries). Within the framework of each of the examined indicators (from the area of SDG7, SDG8, SDG9), Poland showed a rise in the ranking of EU member states between 2000 and 2021. Slovakia, on the other hand, only in relation to the indicator of ross domestic expenditure on R&D by sector (SDG9) showed a decline in placement. Research limitations/implications: A limitation of the study's implementation is the potential constraints on the availability of the data needed to calculate indicators to monitor the degree to which the Sustainable Development Goals are being met. Practical implications: The results of the research will positively influence the planning of further activities by both the analyzed countries, Poland and Slovakia. The results of the research provide constructive information that may prove useful for the development of future strategic plans related to the implementation of the goals of the concept of sustainable development. Originality/value: The study fills a research gap in the field of comparative analysis of selected spectra of Poland and Slovakia against the background of the European Union in the context of the implementation of sustainable development goals (Development Agenda 2030).

14

Industry 5.0 as a new concept of development within high volatility environment: about the industry 5.0 based on political and scientific studies

Gajdzik Bożena

Zeszyty Naukowe. Organizacja i Zarządzanie / Politechnika Śląska

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2023

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z. 169

255--279

EN

Purpose: the aim of the paper is to present the frameworks of Industry 5.0 in a labile environment. Until the COVID-19 pandemic, the notion of a dynamic environment was used, due to the speed of the changes taking place in economies and society, which could be anticipated and proactive measures taken. The pandemic, whose impact was experienced worldwide, changed the environment, which took economies, societies and businesses by surprise. Such an unpredictable, unstable environment is called environmental volatility. Design/methodology/approach: After COVID-19 instability has prevailed in many areas of human activities and societies, as well as in businesses and economies. The strongly popularised, for more than a decade, the concept of Industry 4.0 was transformed. In the new reality more important there were socio-economic and environmental problems. In the new concept called Industry 5.0 three aspects are important: human factors, resilience and sustainability. The above-mentioned aspects were included by the European Commission in the document: “Industry 5.0. Towards a sustainable, human-centric and resilient European Industry”. The document was published in January 2021. The idea of Industry 5.0 refers to the concept of Society 5.0 in the labile environment after the COVID-19. The paper was realized based on the SLR method. The author used the bibliometrics of scientific publications about Industry 5.0 available in the scientific database Scopus. Findings: This paper presents the policy assumptions of Industry 5.0 based on studies from the political documents and scientific papers. The first scientific publications on Industry 5.0 were registered in scientific databases in 2016. Originality/value The presented frameworks of the Industry 5.0 based on literature review complemented (expanded) the understanding of the European development policy presented in the document: Industry 5.0. Towards a sustainable, human-centric and resilient European industry (European Commission, Brussels, Manuscript completed in January 2021).

15

Environmental and social aspects of corporate sustainability as perceived by consumers – a case study of clothing brands

Radzymińska Monika, Garbowska Bożena

Zeszyty Naukowe. Organizacja i Zarządzanie / Politechnika Śląska

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2023

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z. 168

393--407

EN

Purpose: Competing for a limited number of socially conscious consumers and the appearance of new generations on the market forces a continuous addition of knowledge concerning pro-environmental and pro-social consumer attitudes and behaviour. Therefore, the present study attempts to: - identify the type of actions taken within the framework of sustainable development by selected clothing brands, - assess the pro-environmental and pro-social attitudes of young consumers purchasing clothing, - determine whether environmental and social aspects are a criterion for clothing choice among young consumers. Design/methodology/approach: Two approaches were used in the research. In the first stage of the research, messages posted on the websites of selected clothing brands were analysed. In the second, a quantitative study was conducted among young consumers (n = 218) by indirect online survey measurement, using a survey questionnaire embedded in a Google form. Findings: Young consumers present positive pro-environmental and pro-social attitudes. According to the respondents, the social commitment of companies influences the positive image and popularity of their products. However, almost half of all consumers presented an ambivalent or negative attitude towards paying more for the purchase of goods whose producers are involved in philanthropic and pro-environmental activities. This suggests that, in the view of this segment of respondents, it is the traders who should take financial responsibility for their actions by not raising the prices of the products they sell. Concern for others by purchasing socially committed brands and the environmental friendliness of the product were shown to rank lower in the hierarchy of clothing choice factors. Research limitations: The research was conducted on a narrow subject basis, so the results obtained cannot be generalised to the young consumer segment. The scope of the presented research is also limited. The results of the research should be regarded as a pilot study. Practical implications: The findings are of relevance to managers in charge of sustainability campaigns for clothing brands. They point to the need for further education aimed at shaping altruistic and pro-environmental attitudes. Originality/value: This study highlights that sustainability encompasses a range of activities with different ways of communicating values to consumers.

16

Development of the public infrastructure of EV charging stations in Poland

Pawłowski Maciej

Zeszyty Naukowe. Organizacja i Zarządzanie / Politechnika Śląska

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2023

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z. 169

563--573

EN

Purpose: The purpose of this article is to evaluate the development of the public EV charging station infrastructure in Poland, at the same time attempting to identify any dysfunctional areas of the process. Design/methodology/approach: A critical analysis of the domestic and foreign research outputs regarding the importance and development of public charging station infrastructures. An analysis of secondary data derived from statistics reports which show the level of development of the public charging station infrastructure in Poland in the 2019-2022 period. Findings: Based on the completed research it was found that the development of the public charging station infrastructure in Poland was quite dynamic. Nevertheless, an in-depth analysis of this direction of development makes it possible to identify potential problems and imperfections of that process. The most significant and accentuated problems include: (1) the disproportionately lower growth rate of the number of public charging stations in relation to the vehicle fleet electrification rate; (2) the dominating share of AC charging stations in the public charging station infrastructure, which offer a lower power level translating into longer vehicle charging times; (3) the uneven spatial distribution of the public charging station infrastructure. Practical implications: Being aware of the direction of development of the public charging station infrastructure is extremely important when it comes to formulating and implementing subsequent investment projects and business models on the market. Originality/value: Public charging station infrastructures - due to the relatively short history of operation - constitute a relatively new object of studies in economic sciences.

17

Assessment of knowledge of young users and their views on e-mobility

Sendek-Matysiak Ewelina, Lewicki Wojciech, Łosiewicz Zbigniew, Homik Wojciech

Transport Problems

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2023

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T. 18, z. 4

59--72

EN

The European Union is set to become the world’s first climate-neutral continent in 2050. Achieving such an ambitious goal requires cross-cutting measures in all key sectors of the economy, including transport, which is one of the main sources of emissions in Member States, including Poland. Electromobility is a key instrument for reducing the negative impact of transport on climate and the environment. The current automotive market in Poland, for the most part, is made up of old combustion engine cars. The average age of a passenger car in Poland in 2021 was 14.5 years, 0.2 years more than in 2020. An important point to note is that in 2021, nearly twice as many used cars were imported into Poland as new cars were sold, and this was 11.3% higher than the figure recorded in 2020. At the same time, 48% of the cars were equipped with diesel engines. Thus, it is reasonable to identify the current state of knowledge of e-mobility and its assessment by young consumers (18- to 25-year-olds). How they perceive such vehicles is of great importance. Young buyers are a special group in the automotive market - their purchasing preferences will determine the nature of the car market in the future, including whether it will be zero-emission. Learning about the opinions of young consumers is important. On the one hand, it allows knowledge to be gained about the beliefs, feelings, and level of interest in this type of car and the actions young people want to take regarding purchase and use. On the other hand, knowledge of their attitudes towards electric cars can be the basis for creating more relevant information messages. Such information may also be significant for companies and institutions involved in introducing electric cars to the Polish market and those interested in the issues of new technologies in Poland.

18

The sustainable impact of the use of science based targets in organisations

Carvalho Afonso, Sá José Carlos, Correia Florbela, McDermott Olivia, Dinis-Carvalho José, Fonseca Luís

System Safety : Human - Technical Facility - Environment

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2023

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Vol. 5, iss. 1

231--239

EN

Due to the increase in gas emissions and the growth of environmental problems globally, companies are striving to reduce their emissions and waste products in order to become more sustainable and preserve the environment. In order to solve this problem, an initiative called Science Based Targets has been created with the aim of defining targets and paths for companies to follow in order to reduce their carbon footprints. This article will analyse the impact that adherence to this initiative has had on companies' sustainability. To obtain the data, a survey was sent to Portuguese companies. It was concluded that in general Science Based Targets contribute to the sustainable development of organisations, however it is still a very recent initiative which has had low uptake by Portuguese companies.

19

Operational resilience regarding safety and security aspects of industrial automation and control systems

Kosmowski Kazimierz T.

Safety and Reliability of Systems and Processes

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2023

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Summer Safety and Reliability Seminar 2023

99--116

EN

This chapter addresses selected issues concerning shaping resilience of the industrial automation and control systems (IACS). Such systems play nowadays a key role in safety and security of hazardous industrial installations and critical infrastructure networks due to a considerable attack surface. Productivity, safety, and security management is becoming now more and more challenging due to dynamic changes in business conditions, limited access to energy sources at accepted costs, adverse environment, pandemic consequences, difficulties in maintaining reliable and timely supply chains, etc. In situation of significant uncertainty and interrelated systems involved, a reasonable approach to achieve adopted goals is to elaborate a rational strategy of sustainable development to be combined with shaping resilience of relevant systems in life cycle. It concerns any organisation that governs for instance an industrial company and its manufacturing system, or a state institution responsible for critical infrastructure development. In this chapter shaping operational resilience of industrial control systems regarding basic functional safety and cybersecurity requirements is outlined.

20

Long life pavements with recycled concrete in unbound granular layers

Golkowski Gudrun

Roads and Bridges - Drogi i Mosty

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2023

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Vol. 22, no. 4

413--422

EN

The construction of unbound granular layers (UGLs) in pavement construction is mainly based on empiric knowledge of the behaviour of natural aggregates. Is it possible to transfer this behaviour to the performance of recycled materials in UGLs? In an in-situ test-section, divided into 12 sub-sections, BASt has evaluated the performance of UGL made from recycled concrete and different percentages of recycled bricks in comparison to an UGL of natural aggregates for ten years. The data analysis of regularly executed Falling Weight Deflectometer measurements show a sufficient bearing capacity according to the requirements for all different sub-sections. There are nevertheless significant differences due to the composition of the UGLs in the different sub-sections. Regardless of a sufficient bearing capacity other damage has become noticeable. Transversal cracks appeared after a first severe winter and during the next years in the sub-sections with a high percentage of recycled concrete in the UGL. The observed number of cracks correlates strongly with the composition of the UGLs. For a long service life of such pavements, however, an adopted structure and a better determination of their performance in laboratory trials have then been taken into account with regard to the post-hardening behaviour of recycled materials to avoid early damage.

PL

Konstrukcja niezwiązanych warstw ziarnistych (UGL) w budowie nawierzchni opiera się głównie na empirycznej wiedzy na temat zachowania kruszyw naturalnych. Czy możliwe jest przeniesienie tego zachowania na wydajność materiałów pochodzących z recyklingu w UGL? W sekcji testowej in-situ, podzielonej na 12 podsekcji, BASt ocenił wydajność UGL wykonanego z betonu z recyklingu i różnych procentów cegieł z recyklingu w porównaniu do UGL z kruszyw naturalnych przez dziesięć lat. Analiza danych z regularnie wykonywanych pomiarów ugięciomierzem wykazała wystarczającą nośność zgodnie z wymaganiami dla wszystkich różnych podsekcji. Istnieją jednak znaczące różnice wynikające ze składu UGL w różnych podsekcjach. Niezależnie od wystarczającej nośności zauważalne stały się inne uszkodzenia. Pęknięcia poprzeczne pojawiły się po pierwszej silnej zimie i w kolejnych latach na pododcinkach z wysokim udziałem betonu z recyklingu w UGL. Zaobserwowana liczba pęknięć silnie koreluje ze składem UGL. Aby jednak zapewnić długą żywotność takich nawierzchni, należy wziąć pod uwagę przyjętą konstrukcję i lepsze określenie ich wydajności w badaniach laboratoryjnych w odniesieniu do zachowania po utwardzeniu materiałów pochodzących z recyklingu, aby uniknąć wczesnych uszkodzeń.