Wyniki wyszukiwania - BazTech

1

Forward osmosis as an effective concentration method for cationic surfactant solutions

Klimonda Aleksandra, Kowalska Izabela

Gaz, Woda i Technika Sanitarna

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2024

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Nr 2

31--38

EN

The paper presents experimental results on the effectiveness of forward osmosis (FO) for the recovery and concentration of cationic surfactants (quaternary ammonium salts) from solutions with a wide range of concentrations (50-1000 mg/L). The membrane process ensured an almost 100% separation of cationic surfactants and an effective concentration of the solution components without a leakage into the receiving solution. It has been shown that FO is a membrane technique that allows achieving the goals of a circular economy through an effective concentration and recovery of the compounds and water from the purified solutions.

PL

W pracy przedstawiono wyniki badań dotyczących skuteczności osmozy prostej (FO) do odzyskiwania i zatężania kationowych substancji powierzchniowo czynnych (czwartorzędowych soli amoniowych) z roztworów o szerokim zakresie stężeń (50-1000 mg/L). Proces membranowy zapewniał niemal 100% separację kationowych substancji powierzchniowo czynnych oraz skuteczne zatężenie składników roztworu bez ich przecieku do roztworu odbierającego. Wykazano, że FO jest techniką membranową pozwalająca na osiągnięcie celów gospodarki o obiegu zamkniętym, poprzez skuteczne zatężanie oraz odzyskiwanie składników oczyszczanego roztworu i wody.

2

Enhancing bubble bize prediction in flotation processes : a drift flux model accounting for frother type

Leiva Claudio, Acuña Claudio, Luukkanen Saija, Cruz Constanza

Physicochemical Problems of Mineral Processing

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2023

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Vol. 59, iss. 5

art. no. 178234

EN

This communication presents a methodology, based on a modified drift flux model, to determine bubble size distribution in column flotation. The modified drift flux model incorporates a surfactant-type parameter. This parameter considers the impact of surfactant on bubble hydrodynamics. The methodology aims to improve the accuracy of bubble size distribution prediction, which presents deviation depending on surfactant type (i.e. polyglycolic based or alcoholic base). Many authors have proposed different mathematical improvements to reduce de experimental data deviations in the presence of different surfactants. However, from 1988 to 2022, the determination coefficient, or the quality of the adjustments, from the proposed mathematical models is, at the most, 92% (relative error). The proposed methodology improves the quality of the adjustments to 98.6, adding a single parameter for groups of surfactants. This methodology incorporates a single parameter in the terminal velocity calculation that can compensate for the impact of surfactant type in bubble hydrodynamic (bubble skin friction or drag coefficient, bubble wake, bubble shape, bubble rigidity). This parameter is a function of the gas holdup calculated from gas velocity measured and the bubble size distribution calculated (deviated) from gas holdup and gas velocity measured. The methodology is validated with reported experimental results and proposed modifications from various authors. The confidence interval (2 σ) is reduced from 0.11mm to 0.05mm in the case of (Yianatos, Banisi, Ostadrahimi). In the case of the recently reported experimental results from Maldonado and Gomez, the confidence interval is reduced from 0.31 mm to 0.09 mm. These results improve bubble size estimation based on drift flux in column flotation, contributing to a better understanding of surfactant impact on bubble swarm hydrodynamics.

3

Influence of surfactant addition to emulsion fuels on the hot section of turbine engines

Niszczota Paweł, Gieras Marian

Journal of KONBiN

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2023

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Vol. 53, iss. 4

13--25

EN

Due to the growing awareness of ecological threats, more and more attention is paid to the emission problem of undesirable substances into the atmosphere, the source of which is transport and energy. The impact of these factors on the environment can be reduced by using alternative fuels, which are non-fossil fuels, or by modifying these fuels to ensure lower emissions. One of the methods for reducing emissions from engines is the use of water fuel emulsion as fuel, which has a particularly positive effect on the emission of nitrogen oxides at high loads of drive and power units. An important issue affecting the possibility of using this fuel type is the impact of their use on the elements of the units in contact with fuel containing water and, optionally, an emulsifier. This paper presents inspection results of the hot section of a miniature gas turbine powered by Jet-A1 aviation fuel with the emulsifier addition. On the basis of these observations, the components of emulsion fuels were determined, which are the cause of the characteristic deposits occurring on the hot sections of the units after using emulsion fuels.

PL

Ze względu na rosnącą świadomość zagrożeń ekologicznych przykłada się coraz większą wagę do problemu emisji do atmosfery substancji niepożądanych, których źródłem jest transport i energetyka. Jedną z dróg prowadzących do zmniejszenia wpływu tych czynników na środowisko jest wykorzystanie paliw alternatywnych, będących paliwami niekopalnymi, bądź modyfikacja tych paliw zapewniająca mniejszą emisję. Jedną z metod obniżenia emisji z silników jest zastosowanie, jako paliwa, emulsji paliwowo-wodnej, która wpływa szczególnie pozytywnie na emisję tlenków azotu przy dużych obciążeniach jednostek napędowych i energetycznych. Ważną kwestią wpływającą na możliwość zastosowania tego typu paliw jest wpływ ich stosowania na elementy jednostek będące w kontakcie z paliwem zawierającym wodę oraz opcjonalnie emulgator. W niniejszej pracy zostały przedstawione wyniki inspekcji gorącej sekcji miniaturowej turbiny gazowej, która była zasilana paliwem lotniczym Jet-A1 z dodatkiem emulgatora. Na podstawie tych obserwacji określono składniki paliw emulsyjnych będących przyczyną występowania charakterystycznych osadów występujących na gorących sekcjach jednostek po zastosowaniu paliw emulsyjnych.

4

Flotation of Cadmium Ions from Wastewater Using Air Micro-Bubbles

Abd Alhuseen Hayder Noori, Abdulrazzaq Nada N.

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2023

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Vol. 24, nr 8

95--105

EN

In this work were carried out to verify the efficiency of micro-bubbles in flotation the heavy metals (Cadmium ions) from wastewater. Its unique attributes of being affordable, having a straightforward design, being highly efficient, and not causing any secondary contamination are the reasons for this. The flotation process (removal efficiency) was analyzed under different reaction conditions. Including PH of initial solution, initial pollutant concentration, gas (air) flow rate, type (anionic or cationic) and concentration of surfactant used, sampling port location and contact time. It was found from the experiments that the removal of Cd(II) by micro-bubbles was higher at pH 7.2, flow rate of 0.50 L/min, SDS surfactant concentration of 15 mg/L, pollutant concentration of 30 mg/L, and at a high 30 cm port, with a removal efficiency of 98.44%. In addition, normal bubbles were used in experiments alongside micro-bubbles, revealing a 56.5% increase in removal efficiency. Furthermore, the study identified the kinetic flotation order of Cd(II) ions to be approximately first order.

5

Effect of the Surface modification of Cellulose nanofibers on the Mechanical Properties and Disintegrability of Specific PLA/Cellulose Composites

Wietecha Justyna, Kazimierczak Janusz, Jeziorna Agata

Fibres & Textiles in Eastern Europe

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2023

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Vol. 31, no. 6

15--29

EN

PLA/nanofibrillar cellulose (NFC) composite films were produced by solution casting. Before use, the cellulose fibers were modified with various types of surface active agents – cationic, anionic and non-ionic surfactants. The structure and morphology of samples of the cellulose fillers and composite films with polymer were analyzed by means of scanning electron microscopy and PXRD diffraction. Thermal parameters of the composite films were characterized by differential scanning calorimetry and thermogravimetric analysis. The tensile strength and elongation at break of the films were evaluated in mechanical tests. The ability to disintegrate of all PLA/NFC composites under composting conditions was also determined and compared.

6

Stability investigation of the pcm nanocomposites

Cieśliński Janusz T., Boroń Paulina, Fabrykiewicz Maciej

Acta Mechanica et Automatica

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2023

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Vol. 17, no. 3

381--389

EN

Ensuring the stability is a key issue to be solved for the technical application of nanocomposites. In this work, fatty acid P1801 served as base phase change material (PCM)P1801, and its main ingredients are palmitic acid (58%) and stearic acid (38%). Titania (TiO2) and alumina (Al2O3) with mass concentrations of 1% and 5% were selected as nanoparticles, while polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) or oleic acid (OA) with mass concentrations of 5% were tested as surfactants. On the basis of the measured temperature distributions in the sample, which is subject to melting and solidification processes, it was determined which of the tested nanocomposites are stable and which are not. In addition, a thermal test was proposed to assess the stability of the produced nanoPCM, which consists in measuring the temperature distribution versus time according to a precisely given procedure.

7

Powłoki ochronne na bazie winylotrójmetoksysilanu (VTMS) z dodatkiem surfaktantu (Triton X-100) do zastosowań w implantologii

Kierat Oliwia, Dudek Agata, Adamczyk Lidia

Ochrona przed Korozją

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2022

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nr 4

107--111

PL

W pracy przedstawiono analizę właściwości fizykochemicznych powłok na bazie winylotrójmetoksysilanu z dodatkiem surfaktantu – Tritonu X-100 – osadzonych na tytanie Grade 2 oraz stopie tytanu Ti6Al4V. Oceniono adhezję powłok do podłoża, grubość powłok, wpływ wytworzonych powłok na odporność korozyjną materiałów, a także wykonano analizę mikrostruktury i parametrów struktury geometrycznej powierzchni powłok przed badaniami korozyjnymi oraz po nich. Przyczepność powłok analizowano za pomocą taśmy ScotchTM. Odporność korozyjną analizowano za pomocą potencjodynamicznych krzywych polaryzacji w symulowanym płynie ustrojowym odwzorowującym warunki ludzkiego organizmu w celu oceny powłok pod kątem ich zastosowania w implantologii. Grubość powłok określono za pomocą mikroskopu cyfrowego KEYENCE VHX-7000 oraz miernika Testan DT-20 AN 120 157.

EN

This paper presents an analysis of the physicochemical properties of coatings based on vinyltrimethosysilane with the addition of Triton X-100 surfactant deposited on titanium Grade 2 and titanium alloy Ti6Al4V. The adhesion of coatings to the substrate, the thickness of the coatings, the influence of the produced coatings on the corrosion resistance of materials were assessed, and the microstructure and parameters of the geometric structure of the coatings surface were analyzed before and after corrosion tests. The adhesion of the coatings was analyzed with ScotchTM tape. Corrosion resistance was analyzed using potentiodynamic polarization curves in a simulated body fluid mapping the conditions of the human body in order to evaluate the coatings for their application in implantology. The thickness of the coatings was determined using the KEYENCE VHX-7000 digital microscope and the Testan DT-20 AN 120 157 meter.

8

Isolation of Bacteria from Drill Cuttings, their Identification and Assessment of Destructive Potential

Chernykh Elena G.

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2022

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Vol. 23, nr 4

155--163

EN

The drilling of any oil and gas well is accompanied by the use of drilling fluids consisting of chemical reagents and materials of varying degrees of environmental hazard. The existing drilling waste disposal technologies are expensive, energyand labor-intensive, and do not always contribute to the formation of environmentally friendly compounds. In this regard, the possibility of using destructor microorganisms capable of growing and exhibiting biochemical activity under the conditions of complex pollution, in an environment with a high content of hydrocarbons, surfactants and polymer additives capable of biodegrading these substances, is relevant. In connection with the foregoing, the search for new strains of bacteria for the disposal of drilling waste, which are resistant to the conditions of complex toxic effects of drill cuttings components and, at the same time, capable of providing a significant degree of detoxification of the reagents that are part of hydrocarbon-based solutions, is relevant.

9

Remediation of laundry wastewater with a low-pressure aromatic polyamide thin-film composite reverse osmosis membrane for membrane fouling minimisation and reuse application

Morris Bradley Gareth, Aziz Mujahid, Kasongo Godwill

Environment Protection Engineering

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2022

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Vol. 48, nr 2

43--57

EN

In areas with limited freshwater resources, affordable technologies can remediate greywater for reuse applications and increase the water supply. These wastewaters contain various chemicals, which make them challenging to treat. Reverse osmosis (RO) membrane systems could be the solution to removing these harmful chemicals. Membrane fouling has been investigated and using a commercial antiscalant to treat laundry wastewater effluent with a polyamide (PA) thin-film composite (TFC) reverse osmosis membrane. Attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were used to assess the antiscalant effects. The anionic surfactant rejection was above 99.8% for experimental tests conducted. The average COD removal rate was in the range of 91-96%, irrespective of the antiscalant dosing. However, the presence of antiscalant at the dose of 8 mg/dm3 significantly reduced fouling intensity. The flux decline ratio amounted to 56 and 72% for the RO process with antiscalant and no antiscalant dosing, respectively.

10

Remediation of aged hydrocarbon contaminated soil by washing in fluidized bed column

Aouf Mohhamed, Dounit Salah

Archives of Environmental Protection

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2022

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Vol. 48, no. 2

15--23

EN

Soil contamination with hydrocarbons represents a worldwide problem, especially for oil-rich countries. soil contamination becomes inevitable due to different accidents, aboveground spills, and leakage, threatening the fauna and flora. The purpose of this study is to remediate One-year aged contaminated soil with crude oil (23490 mg/kg) using the fluidization technique in a laboratory-scale column. Free water and surfactant solutions were used for washing at different operating conditions. The efficiency of the method was evaluated by the calculation of the total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPH) removal ratio. Without the addition of surfactant, the cleaning operation was not sufficiently efficient, especially at room temperature where the removal ratio was only about 18%. Raising the liquid temperature leads to some improvement where the TPH removal ratio reached 49% at 50°C. With the use of solutions containing Sodium Laureth Sulfate (SLES) as a surfactant, an important enhancement of removal ratio was noted, along with an important reduction in operating time, washing solution volume, and energy consumption. The use of alternatively working/stopping operation mode contributes to the improvement of efficiency. TPH removal ratios up to 99% were obtained under some favorable conditions. This research shows encouraging results for expanding towards the industrial level with clean and sustainable resources.

11

Wpływ surfaktantów na właściwości adsorpcyjne substancji organicznych i jonów metali ciężkich w układach koloidalnych

Chibowski Stanisław, Wiśniewska Małgorzata

Wiadomości Chemiczne

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2021

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[Z] 75, 9-10

1181--1202

EN

The main purpose of this paper is description of the mechanisms governing the adsorption process of organic substances (such as polymers and dyes soluble in water) and inorganic substances (i.e. heavy metal ions) on the solid surface in the presence of synthetic surfactants of various ionic nature (anionic SDS, cationic CTAB and nonionic Triton X-100). The following polymers were applied: polyacrylamide, poly(ethylene glycol), poly(vinyl alcohol) and poly(acrylic acid). Moreover, the mono-, di- and triazo dyes with acidic, reactive and direct characters were used. Metal oxides – both simple (alumina, zirconia, titania) and mixed (double: silica-alumina, silica-titania and triple: alumina-silica-titania), as well as activated carbons obtained from biomass and peat were applied in the role of adsorbents. The effects of solution pH, ionic character of adsorbate, its molecular weight, elemental composition of the solid, its acid-base properties and textural structure, were determined. The understanding of the phenomena occuring at this type of interface is extremaly important for the effective control of colloidal suspensions stability, which is essential for practical applications. The formation of mixed adsorption layers composed of polymer-surfactant, dye-surfactant or polymer-surfactant-metal ion complexes results in many cases in a significant modification of the surface properties of solids, which is manifested not only by the changes in amount of bound adsorbate, but also by the changes in the structure of electrical double layer. The analysis of the obtained results indicated two main mechanisms of the surfactants influence on the adsorption process of organic and inorganic substances in colloidal systems containing a highly dispersed solid. The first one is the formation of polymer-surfactant, dye-surfactant or polymer-surfactant-metal complexes through both hydrophobic and electrostatic interactions, which show different affinity to the adsorbent surface. In most of the examined systems, these complexes were effectively bound at the solid-liquidinterface, which resulted in the adsorption increase of polymer, dye and heavy metal ions. The second important mechanism is the competition of surfactant molecules and other adsorbates for the active sites of the solid surface (the components of mixed adsorbates had the same ionic character). As a result of these two processes, mixed adsorption layers with a specific structure were formed, which determined the stability of the colloidal suspension.

12

Ruch pęcherzyka w cieczach i fizykochemiczna metoda detekcji zanieczyszczeń powierzchniowo-aktywnych w wodzie

Zawała Jan, Kosior Dominik, Małysa kazimierz

Wiadomości Chemiczne

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2021

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[Z] 75, 9-10

1317--1342

EN

Motion of gas bubbles in aqueous phase (either clean water or solutions of surface-active substances) is a phenomenon of great practical importance. Gas/liquid contacting is one of the most common operations in the chemical and petrochemical industry and mineral processing In particular in mineral industry, for all kind of flotation processes it is the main act responsible for the success of the entire technology As a result, properties of the liquid/gas interfaces are considered as a one of the most important parameters, determining the outcome of industrial applications and engineering processes. These properties can be modified by surfactants which adsorption (molecules accumulation) at the interfaces leads to the decrease in the interfacial tension and modification of the hydrodynamic boundary conditions. Description of a single bubble motion in wide range of flow magnitude (Reynolds numbers) is not trivial and many attempts have been undertaken to quantify a bubble behavior in liquids. This paper presents a short overview of the current “state of arts” on physics of the bubble motion in liquids and the elaborated models, describing motion of the bubble formed in liquid phase. The comparison of the theoretical models predictions with the available experimental data is presented. It is shown, moreover, that the bubble velocity can be used as a very sensitive tool for detection of organic contaminations in environmental water samples.

13

Application of atmospheric-pressure non-equilibrium microwave discharge plasma for decomposition of sodium dodecyl sulfate in aqueous solution

Arunrungrusmi Somchai, Poonthong Wittawat, Songruk Apidat, Mungkung Narong, Thungsuk Nuttee, Anuntahirunrath Kongsak, Yuji Toshifumi

Przegląd Elektrotechniczny

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2021

|

R. 97, nr 7

72--75

EN

The typical household uses dish detergent, laundry detergent, and other synthetic detergents that contain large amounts of surfactants. For example, in the laundry case, it is common to use a combination of detergents and fabric softeners, and the anionic surfactants contained in the detergent and cationic surfactants contained in the fabric softener is bonded together to create a condition where surfactants do not decompose easily in aqueous solutions. As a result, surfactants that are drained into the water without degradation can cause environmental damage and pollution to ecosystems, oceans, and waterways. In this study, an aqueous solution containing anionic surfactants was treated by an atmosphericpressure non-equilibrium microwave discharge plasma jet using an Ar gas and an Ar + H2 mixture gas to enable decomposition of the surfactants in the aqueous solution by the OH and H2 radicals given off in the plasma.

PL

Typowe gospodarstwo domowe używa detergentów do naczyń, detergentów do prania i innych syntetycznych detergentów zawierających duże ilości środków powierzchniowo czynnych. Na przykład w przypadku prania często używa się kombinacji detergentów i zmiękczaczy do tkanin, a anionowe środki powierzchniowo czynne zawarte w detergencie i kationowe środki powierzchniowo czynne zawarte w środku do zmiękczania tkanin są łączone razem, aby stworzyć stan, w którym środki powierzchniowo czynne nie ulegają łatwo rozkładowi w roztworach wodnych. W rezultacie środki powierzchniowo czynne, które są odprowadzane do wody bez degradacji, mogą powodować szkody w środowisku i zanieczyszczenie ekosystemów, oceanów i dróg wodnych. W tym badaniu wodny roztwór zawierający anionowe środki powierzchniowo czynne poddano obróbce strumieniem plazmy z wyładowaniem mikrofalowym o nierównowagowym ciśnieniu atmosferycznym przy użyciu gazu Ar i mieszaniny gazowej Ar + H2, aby umożliwić rozkład środków powierzchniowo czynnych w roztworze wodnym przez OH i H2. rodniki wydzielane w osoczu.

14

The effect of various surfactants on fatty acid for apatite flotation and their adsorption mechanizm

Liu Shuyong, Han Baisui, Zhao Tonglin

Physicochemical Problems of Mineral Processing

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2021

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Vol. 57, iss. 5

46--56

EN

The synergistic effect of surfactants, i.e., Tween-80 (polyethylene glycol sorbitan monooleate), Span-80 (sorbitanoleate), and MES (fatty acid methyl ester sulfonates), on fatty acid collectors were investigated using single mineral flotation experiments, surface tension measurement, Fourier transform infrared spectrum, and contact angle measurements. The single mineral flotation experiments showed that it was possible to efficiently separate apatite from magnetite, quartz, and biotite by mixing fatty acids with surfactants. The surface tension measurement showed that the surfactants could significantly reduce the surface tension and Critical Micelle Concentration (CMC) of fatty acids. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy analysis indicated that all of the surfactants did not react with the fatty acids, but only physically adsorbed on the surface of apatite, thus promoting the chemical adsorption of fatty acids on apatite. However, the surfactant chemisorbed on magnetite and competing with a fatty acid, which led to a decrease in the flotation recovery. The results for contact angle measurement showed that the contact angle difference between apatite and magnetite increased with the addition of surfactant, and resulted in an efficient separation.

15

Technological and Ecological Aspects of Disposal of Spent Cutting Fluids

Zelenko Yuliia, Bezovska Maryna, Kuznetsov Valeriy, Muntian Antonina

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2021

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Vol. 22, nr 4

207--212

EN

Processing of metals by cutting under modern conditions becomes impossible without the use of effective cutting fluids. The main purpose of cutting fluids is cooling, lubrication of the workpiece processing area. Spent emulsion is a special type of wastewater, very dangerous to the environment, as it contains a large number of persistently emulsified petroleum products. The methods using various surfactants were tested for the cutting fluid disposal. The obtained results allowed proposing a general flow diagram of treatment of spent cutting fluids, as well as a block diagram of their purification. After processing the spent cutting fluids according to the proposed diagram, two products were obtained, namely water and sludge. This technology can be used in metalworking shops of railway enterprises, as well as the enterprises of machine-building, metallurgical and other industries where CF-effluents are formed within the wastewater complex. It will provide both an economic result through the reuse of water and will give a significant environmental effect by minimizing the amount of hazardous waste.

16

An Investigation on the Lead Removal from Soil Contaminated by Mining and Industrial Wastes Using Soapnut in Batch Washing Process

Ugwu Elijah Chibuzo, Sen Gupta Bhaskar, Meza-Figueroa Diana, Razo-Soto Israel, Araiza-Reyna Esaú Anybal, Martínez-Villegas Nadia

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2021

|

Vol. 22, nr 2

1--16

EN

Eco-friendly saponin from soapnut was studied for the remediation of the soils contaminated by lead. This study applied a full factorial design of the experiment with 3-factors in 3-level (3×3 factors) to evaluate the effect and interactions of the washing parameters on the lead removal by soapnut in a batch experiment. The parameters studied include: soil-solution ratio, surfactant concentrations by mass, and pH of the washing solution. Two soil samples representing low lead concentration (C1) and high lead concentration (C2) were investigated. The findings indicate that the removal efficiency obtained, increases along with the soil-solution ratio and surfactant concentration, but decreases with an increase in the pH of washing solution. Polynomial models were developed to predict the experimental response and optimal conditions. The model predicted a maximum of 50.54% and 47.44% lead removal from the contaminated soil C1 and C2, respectively. Multiple washing was investigated using the higher values of the parameters; the responses obtained significantly increased the percentage of lead removed and achieved 79.98% removal for C1 and 77.49% removal for C2. The effective performance of the soil washing process demonstrates the potential usage of soapnut saponin in the remediation of contaminated soil. Saponin from soapnut is cheap and environment-friendly.

17

Wpływ dodatków na właściwości reologiczne i proces sedymentacji atramentów ceramicznych, przeznaczonych do druku cyfrowego

Antosik Agnieszka

Szkło i Ceramika

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2019

|

R. 70, nr 5

19--23

PL

W artykule przedstawiono wyniki badań dotyczących wpływu wybranych dodatków organicznych na właściwości reologiczne i proces sedymentacji zawiesin ceramicznych, przeznaczonych do druku cyfrowego. Jako bazę zastosowano czarny pigment o składzie pierwiastkowym Co-Ni-Fe-Cr, zawieszony w oleju napędowym, przy czym zawartość pigmentu wynosiła 30% wag. W ramach badań przetestowano dwa komercyjnie dostępne dodatki o właściwościach stabilizujących i zwilżających powierzchnię pigmentu w zawiesinie. Za każdym razem ilość dodatku w stosunku do pigmentu wynosiła od 0 do 5% wag. Wyniki przeprowadzonych badań wykazały, że zastosowanie odpowiednich dodatków organicznych wpływa korzystnie na dyspergowanie cząstek pigmentu w zawiesinie oraz zmianę właściwości reologicznych płynu, co ma bezpośredni wpływ na poprawę stabilności zawiesin ceramicznych w czasie. Najlepsze rezultaty otrzymano dla atramentów z dodatkiem 2 i 5% wag. środka BYKJET 9142 oraz 5% wag. środka ANTI-TERRA-U 100.

EN

The paper presents results concerning influence of selected organic additives on the rheological properties and sedimentation process of ceramic suspensions dedicated to ink jet printing decoration of ceramic tiles. As a solid phase the black Co-Ni-Fe-Cr pigment suspended in the diesel oil was used. The pigment content was 30 wt%. In research 2 commercially available additives with wetting and dispersing properties of oilborne fluid where tested. In all cases the content of additive was from 0 to 5 wt% in respect to solid phase. It was shown that application of appropriate organic additives lead to the dispersion of pigment particles in the suspension and the change in rheological properties of the fluid, and in so doing improving of stability of ceramic suspension over time. The best results were obtained for suspensions with 2 and 5 wt% of BYKJET 9142 and 5 wt% of ANTI-TERRA-U 100.

18

Assessment of the Aerotechnogenic Situation in the City of St. Petersburg Based on Instrumental Measurements of air Dustiness and Computer Modeling of its Distribution

Ilyashenko Igor S., Kovshov Stanislav V., Navitskaite Edita A.

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2019

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Vol. 20, nr 4

150--156

EN

The aim of this study was to analyze the dust load in St. Petersburg based on the measurements of dust levels in different areas of the city using a CEM DT-9880 portable dust particle counter. A uniform one-character bottom up zoning was performed to determine the parameters, and the dependencies of dust distribution on various factors were identified using the “Ecolog” software package. The zoning was based on more than 2.5 thousand measurements of dust levels. An effective and rational solution to the problem of increased aerotechnogenic load in different areas of the city through the use of modern technologies of hydro-dedusting of city roads with a dust-binding solution based on surfactants was proposed for increasing the adhesion ability of the solution to the standard roadbed.

19

Green corrosion inhibitors. A review

Gruca Arkadiusz, Greczek-Stachura Magdalena

Inżynieria Materiałowa

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2019

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Vol. 40, nr 1

19--24

EN

Corrosion is a significant issue in wide range of fields, including but not limited to: oil and gas industry, water and land transportation, and sewage systems. Destruction of materials exposed to environment is closely related to corrosion. Pipelines and other metal elements exposed to freshwater, seawater, sewage, soil or harsh environmental conditions are especially susceptible to corrosion. Repairing damage caused by corrosion process costs billions of dollars a year. One of the main corrosion prevention methods is to use corrosion inhibitors. Chemical agents and biocides used as corrosion inhibitors are often highly toxic and pose a serious threat to human health and natural environment. Eco-friendly, low cost, and non-toxic alternative is to use natural, green corrosion inhibitors, such as fruits, fruits waste, seeds or leaves extracts, chitosan etc. These natural substances are a reach source of antioxidants, flavonoids, alkaloids, carbohydrates and biocides. Studies show that the use of natural extracts is highly cost-effective and practical technique in the fight against corrosion. Commercial use of green corrosion inhibitors could contribute to substantial savings in infrastructure maintenance costs. This study aims to exemplify natural surfactants that could be used as non-toxic, cheap and effective corrosion inhibitors.

PL

Niszczenie materiałów wystawianych na działanie warunków środowiskowych jest ściśle związane z procesem korozji. Jedną z głównych metod zapobiegania temu procesowi jest stosowanie inhibitorów. Wiele powszechnie używanych substancji charakteryzuje duża toksyczność dla człowieka oraz dla środowiska. Dobrą alternatywą dla takich środków są naturalne inhibitory korozji ekstrahowane z różnych części roślin. Badania dowodzą, że naturalne ekstrakty roślinne skutecznie hamują korozję, a niektóre wykazują także właściwości biobójcze, pomocne w walce z biokorozją. Celem pracy jest przedstawienie naturalnych ekstraktów, które mogą zostać wykorzystane w zapobieganiu korozji.

20

Detailed experimental study of bubble adhesion on hydrophobic surface

Basařová P., Soušková K.

Physicochemical Problems of Mineral Processing

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2018

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Vol. 54, iss. 1

111--123

EN

This work is focused on the detailed experimental study of bubble adhesion on a hydrophobic solid surface. The frame rate 16000 fps was used in side view arrangement in order to capture in detail the three-phase contact line expansion and bubble shape changes. Experiments were done in pure water and in solutions of the anionic surfactant sodium dodecyl sulphate in low, medium and high concentrations. It was found out that the rupture of a liquid film is not symmetrical with respect to the vertical axis of the bubble symmetry. This asymmetry of TPC line formation leads to bubble surface oscillations and asymmetry in dynamic contact angles. These dynamic mechanisms are diminished with increasing surfactant concentration. The non-linearity of expansion velocity was also observed. In the case of high bubble surface mobility, the expansion velocity first decreases and after few milliseconds, the second velocity maximum emerges caused by kinetic energy dissipation. In surfactant solutions, the arising Marangoni stresses should be taken into account because the expansion velocity increases in the first moments of TPC line expansion. Existing models, such as hydrodynamic and molecular-kinetic, are not able to incorporate with bubble oscillations in pure liquids as well as the non-monotonic curve of expansion velocity profile in surfactant solutions.