Wyniki wyszukiwania - BazTech

1

The pollution of surface water in the agricultural catchment against the background of agrarian structure and production intensity

Lach Stanisław K., Kowalczyk Agnieszka, Kopacz Marek T., Kowalewski Zbigniew, Jakubiak Mateusz, Mazur Robert, Grabowska-Polanowska Beata

Journal of Water and Land Development

|

2023

|

no. 56

242--248

EN

The intensification of agricultural production is one of the factors determining economic development. Increasing mechanisation and use of fertilisers in agriculture lead to higher yields, but at the same time they can pose a threat to the environment. The overuse of chemical fertilisers contributes to increased concentration of nutrients in agricultural runoff. One of such areas is the Szreniawa River catchment, the study area located in the southern part of Poland. In this catchment, intensive mostly mechanical ploughing is applied in, for instance, vegetable production. The area has loess soils, which with intensive ploughing are susceptible to erosion. The study aims to determine changes in the quality of flowing waters against the background of agricultural production and land-use characteristics. Surface waters were classified as class II and occurred at all analysed points. The highest concentrations of N-NO3 , N-NH 4 and P-PO 4 were found at a point in the middle of the catchment (lower part of research area). There, the lowest concentrations were recorded in 2018, which was related to the amount of precipitation during the growing season. On the other hand, the volume of plant and animal production closely correlated with the quality of surface water in the area. This was also confirmed by the land use structure. In conclusion, intensive agricultural production, mainly in terms of plough tillage causes significant hazards associated with soil erosion especially on agriculturally sensitive soils, although it provides good yields.

2

Analysis of the Impact of Stormwater Systems on Receiving Waters Based on the Analysis of Algal Community Structure

Kozłowska Aleksandra, Wojtaś Edyta, Piłat-Rożek Magdalena, Cybulski Michał, Łagód Grzegorz

Journal of Ecological Engineering

|

2023

|

Vol. 24, nr 9

139--147

EN

One of the important ways to prevent permanent environmental pollution is to constantly monitor its quality, which can be performed in several ways. The present bioindication study analyzed the level of diversity and abundance of biofilm microorganism communities, which illustrate the state of the studied aquatic environment, enabling to determine its quality. The impact of stormwater discharge on the receiver at particular points was evaluated on the basis of the reaction of selected microorganisms or their groups to the substances appearing in the watercourse. The study of indicator organisms gives information about the waters of a given body of water without expensive hydrochemical tests and without causing a burden on the environment during the production as well as disposal of reagents that are consumed in many classical physicochemical analyses. On the basis of selected algal species, the Shannon index and McArthur index were calculated, and the effect of storm sewer discharge on the communities of indicator organisms was determined. The best visible impact of storm sewer discharge was seen on the basis of the entire study cycle in relation to the median of the McArthur index.

3

Dlaczego badamy rzeki?

Wieczorek Kinga

Eliksir

|

2023

|

nr 12

50--53

4

Correlation Between Surface Water Quality and Plankton Composition in Water Bodies in Hau Giang Province, Vietnam

Quang Truong Chi, Giao Nguyen Thanh

Ecological Engineering & Environmental Technology

|

2023

|

Vol. 24, iss. 4

1--14

EN

The study was carried out to assess surface water quality in water bodies in Hau Giang province, Vietnam using individual surface water quality parameters and water quality index. In addition, the correlation of phytoplankton and zooplankton composition with surface water quality was also examined. The results showed that surface water quality in Hau Giang province was contaminated with organic matters, nutrients, iron and microorganisms. The water quality index (WQI= 37-84) showed that surface water ranged from moderate to good. A total of 164 species belonging to five phyla of phytoplankton were recorded with the density from 370–2260 individuals/L and 91 species belonging to five phyla of zooplankton with a density of 11,332–121,600 individuals/L. The predominance of the phytoplankton species Oscillaroria, Euglena, Phacus and the predominance of zooplankton species of the Nauplius, Rotifera and Protozoa signalize an aquatic environment rich in organic matters and nutrients. The correlation results showed that BOD, COD, NH4+-N, NO3--N and PO43--P were closely related to the density of phytoplankton while pH, DO, BOD, NH4+-N and coliform play an important role in determining the density of zooplankton species.

5

Evaluation of the impact of anthropogenic activities on surface water quality using a water quality index and environmental assessment

García-Ávila Fernando, Jiménez-Ordóñez Magaly, Torres-Sánchez Jessica, Iglesias-Abad Sergio, Cabello Torres Rita, Zhindón-Arévalo César

Journal of Water and Land Development

|

2022

|

no. 53

58--67

EN

The article presents an assessment of the effects of anthropogenic activities on the quality of water in four streams flowing through a camp based on a combined assessment of environmental impacts and the water quality index. The quantitative and qualitative assessment of environmental impact was made after identifying the anthropogenic activities carried out in the camp. The water quality index (WQI) was calculated after monitoring seventeen physicochemical and microbiological variables and the Montoya index was applied. The samples were collected during 48 sampling campaigns, organised over the period of six months in eight stations. Two stations were located in each stream, one before and one after it passed through the camp. The results indicated that streams 1, 3, and 4 show a slight deterioration in water quality, affected by anthropogenic activities carried out in the said camp; meanwhile, stream 2 shows an increasing deterioration in water quality. The water quality of the streams before passing through the camp was determined to be between “uncontaminated” and “acceptable”, while after passing through the camp it was classified between “acceptable” and “slightly contaminated”. The results indicated a non-significant difference between the downstream and upstream WQI values for streams 1, 3, and 4; while stream 2 did show a significant difference in the WQI between upstream and downstream; indicating that anthropogenic activities alter the quality of the water.

6

Seasonal and Tidal Influence on Surface Water Quality – A Case Study in the Hau River Segment, Vietnamese Mekong Delta Province

Ni Duong Van, Viet Le Hoang, Ly Nguyen Hong Thao

Journal of Ecological Engineering

|

2022

|

Vol. 23, nr 8

290--298

EN

The study aimed to evaluate the influence of seasons and tides on surface water quality of Hau River in Hau Giang province, Vietnam. The water quality data were collected at six locations at low tide and high tide. The monitoring parameters included pH, dissolved oxygen (DO), biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), chemical oxygen demand (COD), total suspended solids (TSS), ammonium (NH4+-N), nitrate (NO3--N), orthophosphate (PO43--P), total phosphorus (TP), total nitrogen (TN), iron (Fe) and Coliform. One-way analysis of variance (One-way ANOVA), cluster analysis (CA) and discriminant analysis (DA) were applied to determine the influence of tides and seasons on water quality. The surface water quality was compared with the national technical regulation on surface water quality in column A1 (QCVN 08-MT:2015/BTNMT). The results showed that surface water in the study area had organic pollution and high eutrophication potential. The BOD, COD, TN, TP, Fe and coliform parameters in low tide tended to be higher than those in high tide. Five parameters, including TSS, TP, TN, PO43--P and coliform had a significant difference between the wet season and the dry season by DA analysis. Cluster analysis classified the water quality into three clusters, mainly by the BOD, COD, TSS, PO43--P and Fe parameters. The study provides important information on the water quality of the Hau River in the Hau Giang province for water uses and monitoring.

7

Assessment of Physicochemical Characteristics of Surface Water in the Full-Dyke and Semi-Dyke Systems: A Case Study

Khanh Huynh Cong, Nam Tran Sy

Journal of Ecological Engineering

|

2022

|

Vol. 23, nr 7

10--19

EN

The present study aimed to assess the physicochemical characteristics of surface water in the full-dyke (FD) and semi-dyke (SD) systems of the An Giang province. Water samples were collected in both seasons in 2019 (1) the first monitoring phase in the dry season (April) and (2) the second monitoring phase in the rainy season (October). At each season, the surface water samples were collected at 15 sites in the FD system and 15 sites in the SD system to analyze the water quality parameters. The results showed that the concentrations of DO, COD, BOD, TSS, NO3-, NH4+, TKN, PO43- and TP parameters in the FD system were higher than in the SD system and there was a significant difference (p<0.05), except the value of pH and DO in the dry season. The DO, COD, BOD5 and TSS concentrations in the FD system tended to exceed the Vietnamese standard threshold (QCVN 08:2015/BTNMT, column B1), but in the SD system, these values were within the allowable limits of Vietnamese Standard. Other parameters, such as NO3-, NH4+, TKN, PO43- and TP exceeded the threshold of the Vietnamese standard in both systems. The results of this study provide the scientific information on water pollution inside the FD system. Therefore, it was expected that the local government of the An Giang province should have long-term strategies to manage the FD system to improve the water quality inside the FD system.

8

Mikrobiologiczna jakość wybranych akwenów – studium przypadku

Kruszelnicka Izabela, Michałkiewicz Michał

Technologia Wody

|

2021

|

Nr 2 (76)

10--15

PL

Sposób prowadzenia gospodarki ściekowej na terenach o zabudowie rozproszonej, w szczególności gdy jest ona realizowana poprzez systemy indywidualne, ma duże znaczenie dla jakości wód powierzchniowych. W artykule przedstawiona zostanie analiza jakości mikrobiologicznej wybranych akwenów na pograniczu gmin Skoki i Rogoźno w Wielkopolsce.

EN

The method of wastewater management in areas with scattered development, in particular when it is implemented through individual systems, is of great importance for the quality of surface waters. The article presents an analysis of the microbiological quality of selected reservoirs on the border of Skoki and Rogoźno communes in Wielkopolska.

9

Temporal Patterns of Quality Surface Water Changes

Mitryasova Olena, Pohrebennyk Volodymyr, Salamon Ivan, Oleksiuk Alina, Mats Andrii

Journal of Ecological Engineering

|

2021

|

Vol. 22, nr 4

283--295

EN

The dynamics of hydrochemical parameters of surface waters from the upper, middle and lower reaches of the river was analyzed. On the basis of the analysis of temporal and spatial monitoring data, a comprehensive assessment of the environmental status of the Inhulets river (Ukraine) waters by hydrochemical indicators was carried out. The study performed a comparative analysis of the river water quality assessment using different methods: an integrated assessment based on the calculation of water pollution indexes, pollution rate. A result of the evaluation of water quality in certain classes: in terms of ammonium ions and BOD5 – III quality class, the water is slightly polluted; phosphate content – V quality class, water is very low in the bottom; according to the content of suspended solids, in phosphates and BOD5 – III class of water quality, water is polluted; by a concentration of chlorides – V class of quality, degree of purity – very dirty; the value of suspended solids and chlorides – III class; in terms of the sulfate content – IV class. In general, the very excessive concentration of substances in the middle course remains stable, the environmental state is poor (quality class IV).

10

Hydrochemical Indicators Dynamic in Surface Water

Mitryasova Olena, Cieśla Maksymilian, Nosyk Anastasia, Mats Andrii

Journal of Ecological Engineering

|

2021

|

Vol. 22, nr 8

111--122

EN

On the basis of the analysis of wide temporal monitoring data, a forecast of the integrated hydrochemical indicators of the waters of the Inhul river (Ukraine) was carried out. The performed analysis was also the basis for the determination of a mathematical model of natural fluctuations of the indicators studied. The determined sinusoidal dependence of the integrated water quality indicators allowed determining the average time of fluctuations concerning the processes of self-organisation of river waters. In practice, the developed mathematical models may constitute a valuable support and supplement to the existing models in the field of prediction of self-organization processes of river waters. They may also contribute to even more effective minimization of undesirable effects of anthropogenic impact on aquatic ecosystems.

11

Effect of Stormwater System on the Receiver

Babko Roman, Szulżyk-Cieplak Joanna, Danko Yaroslav, Duda Sylwia, Kirichenko-Babko Marina, Łagód Grzegorz

Journal of Ecological Engineering

|

2019

|

Vol. 20, nr 6

52--59

EN

The surface water quality assessment could be based on a combined physical and chemical analysis, but it could also be determined with bioindication methods. Classical physicochemical analysis is in most cases more expensive and time-consuming than the bioindication methods. This type of analysis also requires expensive equipment and shows the situation in the water only at the moment of sampling. Although the bioindication methods are often complicated, they allow a relatively inexpensive estimation of the water quality. Moreover, during their implementation, the substances harmful to the environment are not generated, and the obtained results usually reflect the total interaction of all factors and substances to the analyzed living organisms. Indicator organisms or their communities applied to the research, with identified ranges of tolerance to selected factors, could help to determine the physical and chemical parameters of water. This paper presents a bioindication study with an effect of stormwater system on the receiver – the Bystrzyca river, in Lublin, Poland. The level of saprophyty of the river sector was calculated based on the selected species of algae (diatoms and green algae) and the influence of the stormwater discharge on the communities of these organisms was determined.

12

The influence of structural and functional changes on N-P-K input of agricultural origin and surface water quality in the upper Dunajec River basin in the years 1980-2010

Kopacz M., Kowalczyk A., Smoroń S., Rychtarczyk M.

Geology, Geophysics and Environment

|

2018

|

Vol. 44, no. 3

295--308

EN

The aim of the study was the prediction of N-P-K inputs (hereafter referred to as NPK load) from agricultural sources. The study aimed to determine relations between the structural changes and the N-P-K load (nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium) fertilizer components in the upper Dunajec River basin (the Carpathian region in Poland). Analysis included the level and nature of agricultural production, the land use structure and non-agricultural factors. Multiple regression analysis was used for the development of the model. Relationships were determined in the form of regression models in the system of N-P-K load-structural parameters-land use-surface water quality. The quality of surface water was assessed in a range of concentrations of N-NO3-, N-NH4+, PO43-, Cl-, and compared to the N-P-K load that was brought to the basin from agricultural sources. Significant structural and spatial changes took place in the upper Dunajec River basin that affected many social, economic and environmental factors. Agricultural production was reduced, resulting in a decrease of area of agricultural land between the year 1980 and 2010. The most important factors influencing the changes in biogenic load of an agricultural origin were: stocking density and mineral fertilization. Both of these parameters determined the amount of N-P-K load in approx. 80-90% (not counting the use of N-P-K components by crops). Surface water quality has generally improved, only higher concentrations of chlorides were recorded in small urbanized river basins. Therefore, the chemical composition of water plays the role of a simplified indicator of structural changes. Mathematical formulas proved changes in N-P-K load depending on variations of individual influencing factors. The development of the usable space of the investigated river basin must take into account agricultural and non-agricultural factors, as well as the proportions and relationships between them. Only then might the sustainable and multifunctional development of these areas be provided.

13

Assessment of water quality of degraded anthropogenic reservoirs situated in the area of the former Rozbark Coal Mine in Bytom

Gawor Ł.P., Lutyńska S.

Geology, Geophysics and Environment

|

2015

|

Vol. 41, no. 3

249--256

EN

In this paper, the degree of contamination of water was determined from anthropogenic reservoirs, located in the area of former coal mine Rozbark in Bytom. The physicochemical analysis of water indicated a high degree of anthropopression. In all analyzed reservoirs, permissible concentrations of chlorides and sulphates were exceeded. In the majority of them, the values of electrical conductivity and total suspended solids were also exceeded. In order to determine the transformation of surface water contamination, there was a comparison of archival data of water quality and laboratory tests performed after five years. Comparative analysis shows that in the last five years, there has been no improvement in the quality of the analyzed surface waters. In fact deterioration of the quality was noticeable.

14

Produkcja rolnicza a jakość wód na obszarach polderowych Żuław Elbląskich

Marcinkowski T.

Woda-Środowisko-Obszary Wiejskie

|

2014

|

T. 14, z. 1

41--52

PL

W pracy przedstawiono wyniki badań wybranych parametrów jakościowych próbek wód gruntowych i powierzchniowych, pobieranych w latach 2011–2012 w pięciu towarowych, rodzinnych gospodarstwach rolnych, położonych na terenie Żuław Elbląskich. Ryzyko potencjalnego zanieczyszczenia wody reaktywnymi formami azotu oraz fosforem i potasem w gospodarstwach oceniano na tle ich wyników ekonomiczno-produkcyjnych, w tym efektywności wykorzystania makroskładników pokarmowych w towarowej produkcji rolniczej, oszacowanej metodą bilansu „u bramy gospodarstwa”. Przeciętny nadmiar azotu w gospodarstwach wynosił od 109 do 190 kg N·ha-1 , fosforu od 2 do 38 kg P·ha-1 potasu od 3 do 103 kg K·ha-1. Stwierdzono, że większość analizowanych próbek wód gruntowych, pobieranych z terenu użytków rolnych analizowanych gospodarstw, zawierała nadmierne stężenie amonowej formy azotu, które często przekraczało 2,33 mg·dm -3 N-NH4. Stężenie potasu było również duże i w większości badanych próbek wód gruntowych wielokrotnie przekraczało wartość 20 mg K·dm-3. Obserwowane stężenia fosforanów w zasadzie nie przekraczały wartości 1,63 mg P-PO4·dm-3. Natomiast w analizowanych próbkach wód gruntowych nie stwierdzono nadmiernego stężenia azotanów oraz widocznych przekroczeń wartości granicznych pH. Wiele zastrzeżeń budzi również jakość wód powierzchniowych, które pobierano wyłącznie ze śródpolnych rowów melioracyjnych. Okresowe pogorszenie ich jakości było determinowane nie tylko nadmiernym stężeniem azotu amonowego, ale również stosunkowo dużym stężeniem fosforanów, często przekraczającym 1,00 mg P-PO4 dm-3.

EN

This paper presents results of analyses of selected surface and ground water parameters made in 2011–2012 in several market family farms located in Żuławy Elbląskie. Potential risk of water pollution by reactive forms of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium was estimated on the background of economical-productive factors including the efficiency of macronutrient utilization in market production with the use of method called “at the farm’s gate budget”. Average nutrient surplus in farms was 109–190 kg N·ha-1, 2–38 kg P·ha-1 and 3–103 kg K·ha-1. The majority of ground water samples contained excessive amounts of ammonium nitrogen often exceeding 2.33 mg·dm-3 N-NH4. Similarly high were concentrations of potassium that exceeded 20 mg K·dm-3 in most of ground water samples. Measured phosphate concentrations did not exceed 1.63 mg·dm-3 P-PO4. No excess of nitrates or extreme pH values were recorded in analysed ground waters. The quality of surface waters sampled exclusively from mid-field drainage ditches raises some objections. Periodical worsening of surface water quality was caused by high concentrations of ammonium nitrogen and phosphates which often exceeded 1.00 mg P-PO4dm-3.

15

Analiza kontaktu wód podziemnych i powierzchniowych na podstawie badań ich jakości na młodoglacjalnym obszarze Pojezierza Kaszubskiego

Jaworska-Szulc B., Pruszkowska-Caceres M., Przewłócka M.

Przegląd Geologiczny

|

2014

|

Vol. 62, nr 4

204--213

EN

Regions formed in late Pleistocene usually show complex hydrogeological conditions. Groundwater circulation and the contribution of surface water in the groundwater flow system is not easy to determine. An important tool in such a research seems to be investigation of groundwater and surface water chemical composition. This paper is a case study of survey led in szymbarskie hills of the Kashubian Lake District (northern Poland). The groundwater and surface water quality was determined and analyzed with respect to conditions of groundwater circulation. The obtained results may contribute to development of groundwater investigations in young glacial areas.

16

Mściwojów Reservoir – study of a small retention reservoir with an innovative water self-purification system

Dąbrowska J., Kempa O., Markowska J., Sobota J.

Journal of Ecological Engineering

|

2014

|

Vol. 15, nr 2

7--16

EN

The study presents the characteristics of the Mściwojów Reservoir equipped with a unique pre-reservoir structure that supports the process of self-purification of waters. The authors present more than ten years of studies, focusing mainly on the issues of water quality and the concentration of phosphorus, which is considered as the main factor influencing water eutrophication process. Quite a high concentration of phosphates was noted in the outflow from the main reservoir, in spite of a lower concentration of these compounds in the water leaving the pre-reservoir. Basing on the conducted analyses, the catchment of the reservoir was qualified as group 4, being very prone to the movement and supply of material to the reservoir. The negative value of the retention coefficient of phosphorus obtained for the main part of the reservoir points to the existence of an internal source of phosphorus supply to the reservoir. During over 10 years of studies, new directions of the development of the rural areas were determined. Future works should be extended so as to cover all elements of the ecosystem of the reservoir. In a longer term it seems natural to extend the research works to cover the whole catchment of Wierzbiak River.

17

An analysis of the impact of a liqudated salt mine and an municipal landfill on the quality of the Malinówka stream water in the former Barycz mining area

d’Obyrn K., Klojzy-Karczmarczyk B., Mazurek J.

Gospodarka Surowcami Mineralnymi

|

2014

|

T. 30, z. 4

113--132

EN

Monitoring studies of the quality of the soil and water environment in the former Barycz mining area of the Wieliczka Salt Mine, a section currently used as municipal landfill, have been continuously conducted since 2000. The location of monitoring sites and the range of the monitored parameters were selected based on available historical data, taking into account the local geological and hydrogeological structure as well as hydrological conditions in the area of potential impact of the landfill. The Malinówka catchment monitoring study conducted by Wieliczka Salt Mine and MEERI PAS covers both a point above the landfill (point E) and a point located below the municipal landfill (point D) (Fig. 1). The adopted sampling scheme allows a comparison of the current level of contamination below the landfill with the local hydrogeochemical background, which the results of the measurements of the chemical composition of water in the headwater region of the Malinówka stream may be taken to represent. The paper presents averaged quarterly results of water quality measurements of the Malinówka stream between 2012 and 2014. Chloride, nitrate, and phosphate concentrations in the waters of the Malinówka stream sampled at the site below the landfill were, on average, several times higher than in the headwater regions. The chloride content in the water below the landfill was, on average, about 50 mg/dm3, while below the landfill it increased four-fold. Nitrate and phosphate content increased several-fold, but presented low values of up to several mg/dm3. Generally, there was no significant increase in heavy metal content at the site below the landfill. Their values both at point E as well as point D are low, often below the limit of quantification. In the waters of the Malinówka stream below the landfill (point D), only small increases in copper, zinc, and mercury content, and in individual cases chromium, were observed. [...]

PL

Badania monitoringowe jakości środowiska gruntowo-wodnego na terenach byłego obszaru górniczego Barycz Kopalni Soli w Wieliczce a wykorzystywanego obecnie pod składowanie odpadów komunalnych, prowadzone są nieprzerwanie od 2000 roku. Lokalizacja punktów monitoringu oraz zakres badanych parametrów zostały oparte na posiadanych danych archiwalnych, przy uwzględnieniu lokalnej budowy geologicznej, hydrogeologicznej oraz warunków hydrologicznych w rejonie potencjalnego oddziaływania składowiska. Prowadzony przez Kopalnię Soli Wieliczka S.A. oraz IGSMiE PAN monitoring zlewni Malinówki obejmuje swym zakresem zarówno punkt położony na odcinku powyżej składowiska (punkt E), jak i punkt zlokalizowany poniżej składowiska odpadów komunalnych (punkt D) (rys. 1). Przyjęty system opróbowania pozwala na porównanie aktualnego poziomu zanieczyszczenia poniżej składowiska z lokalnym tłem hydrogeochemicznym, za jakie można uznać wyniki pomiarów składu chemicznego wód w rejonie źródliskowym Malinówki. W pracy przedstawiono, uśrednione w kwartałach, wyniki pomiarów jakości wód Malinówki z lat 2012–2014. Stężenia chlorków oraz azotanów i fosforanów w wodach potoku Malinówka, pobieranych w punkcie poniżej składowiska, kształtują się na średnim poziomie kilka razy wyższym niż w rejonach źródliskowych. Zawartość chlorków w wodach przed składowiskiem kształtuje się na uśrednionym poziomie około 50 mg/dm3, natomiast poniżej składowiska wzrasta czterokrotnie. Zawartość azotanów i fosforanów wzrasta natomiast kilkakrotnie przyjmując jednak niskie wartości na poziomie do kilku mg/dm3. Generalnie nie zauważa się zdecydowanego podwyższenia zawartości metali ciężkich w punkcie poniżej składowiska. Ich wartości zarówno w punkcie E, jak i w punkcie D są niskie, często poniżej granicy oznaczalności. W wodach potoku Malinówka poniżej składowiska (punkt D) obserwowany jest jedynie niewielki wzrost zawartości miedzi, cynku i rtęci oraz w pojedynczych przypadkach także chromu.

18

Threats of highly alkaline wastewater discharge to surface water

Balcerzak W., Mucha Z.

Czasopismo Techniczne. Środowisko

|

2014

|

R. 111, z. 1-Ś

3--10

EN

The paper discusses the discharge of highly concentrated alkaline wastewater from an industrial reservoir and its effect on surface waters. The discharge source is the Górka industrial reservoir, located in Trzebinia. The wastewater constitutes a threat to groundwater, which serves as a source of drinking water for surrounding villages. A detailed analysis of pH confirmed a high alkalinity of the tank content; the pH values were in the range of 12.5 to 13.5. Other water quality parameters (COD, sulfates, chlorides, TSS) were also very high. Initially, wastewater was discharged to the wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) in Chrzanów. Then, since the plant had refused further treatment due to operational disturbances, wastewater had to be discharged directly to the Chechło and Ropa creeks and finally to the Vistula river. A simultaneous monitoring of the water quality in these streams was provided. Wastewater discharged from the Górka reservoir was gradually diluted on its way to the Vistula river and therefore its impact on the Vistula river has been insignificant. The method turned out to be both effective and safe for the aquatic environment.

PL

Artykuł przedstawia zagadnienie odprowadzania silnie stężonych ścieków alkalicznych ze zbiornika poprzemysłowego Górka w Trzebini do wód powierzchniowych. Ścieki te stanowiły zagrożenie dla wód podziemnych zaopatrujących w wodę okoliczne miejscowości. Szczegółowa analiza odczynu pH wskazywała na wysoką alkaliczność cieczy w zbiorniku, wartości wahały się w granicach 12,5–13,5 pH. Pozostałe wskaźniki jakości wody (ChZT, siarczany, chlorki, zawiesina) również były bardzo wysokie. Ścieki te początkowo były odprowadzane do grupowej oczyszczalni w Chrzanowie. Ze względów eksploatacyjnych oczyszczalnia odmówiła dalszego przyjmowania ścieków, co spowodowało konieczność odprowadzania ścieków ze zbiornika bezpośrednio do wód powierzchniowych potoków Ropa Chechło, a w konsekwencji do Wisły wraz z jednoczesnym monitorowaniem stanu jakości wody w tych potokach. Na każdym etapie przepływu ścieki odprowadzane z Górki ulegały rozcieńczeniu. Rozcieńczenia spowodowały znaczny spadek stężeń w odbiornikach. Wpływ odprowadzanych ścieków na rzekę Wisłę jest nieznaczny. Zastosowana metoda okazała się skuteczną i bezpieczną dla środowiska wodnego.

19

Methodology of stream hydrochemical analysis in spatiotemporal terms

Sobala K.

Czasopismo Techniczne. Środowisko

|

2014

|

R. 111, z. 1-Ś

45--52

EN

Hydrochemical profiles were used to create a spatiotemporal hydrochemical analysis of a watercourse. This method is based on the correlation between the concentration of pollutants and the intensity of water flow in the watercourse. It is a method that allows for an analysis of qualitative and quantitative changes of pollutants occurring in the watercourse. The paper describes the steps to be followed to obtain hydrochemical profiles of the watercourse. The function of time has been introduced in order to illustrate the analysis in a three-dimensional way. All of the profiles are shown in one graph, where qualitative and quantitative changes are visible within water levels at a specified time interval. The results are presented as graphs allowing for the classification of the course due to water quality, showing the hydrochemical shell in the watercourse during the year.

PL

Do stworzenia czasoprzestrzennej analizy hydrochemicznej cieku wykorzystano metodę profili hydrochemicznych. Metoda ta opiera się na zależności korelacyjnej pomiędzy stężeniem zanieczyszczeń a natężeniem przepływy wód w cieku. Umożliwia ona analizę zmian jakościowych i ilościowych zanieczyszczeń zachodzących na długości cieku. Opisane zostały kolejne kroki, jakie należy wykonać w celu uzyskania profili hydrochemicznych cieku. Aby przedstawić analizę w ujęciu trójwymiarowym, wprowadzono funkcję czasu. Wszystkie profile przedstawione zostały na jednym wykresie, gdzie widoczne są zmiany jakościowe i ilościowe wód w cieku na przestrzeni zadanego przedziału czasowego. Wynikiem były wykresy pozwalające dokonać klasyfikacji cieku ze względu na jakość wody przedstawiające powłokę hydrochemiczną na cieku w ciągu roku.

20

Spatial Differentiation of Water Quality Between Reservoirs Under Anthropogenic and Natural Factors Based on Statistical Approach

Boyacioglu H.

Archives of Environmental Protection

|

2014

|

Vol. 40, no. 1

41--50

EN

This study illustrates the benefits of statistical techniques to analyze spatial and temporal variations in water quality. In this scope water quality differentiation caused by anthropogenic and natural factors in the Tahtali and Balçova reservoirs in western Turkey was investigated using discriminant analysis-DA, Mann Whitney U techniques. Effectiveness of pollution prevention measures was analyzed by Mann Kendall and Sen’s Slope estimator methods. The water quality variables were divided into three groups as physical-inorganic, organic and inorganic pollution parameters for the study. Results showed that water quality between reservoirs was differentiated for “physical-inorganic” and “organic pollution” parameters. Degree of influence of water quality by urbanization was higher in the Tahtali reservoir and in general, no trend detection at pollution indicators explained by effective management practices at both sites.