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Investigation of the Surface Topography of Titanium Alloys Applied to Friction Components

Gawłowski Grzegorz, Niemczewska-Wójcik Magdalena

Advances in Science and Technology. Research Journal

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2022

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Vol. 16, no 2

150--158

EN

The subject of this study and analysis was titanium alloy, applied among others to the friction components of orthopaedic (artificial hip joint) implants. This material was subjected to abrasive finishing using a synthetic diamond as a tool. The properties of the studied titanium alloy were characterised. The processing technology and the research methods are discussed. The surfaces, after being subjected to abrasive machining, were studied using three research instruments – an interference microscope, a scanning electron microscope, and an atomic force microscope. Advanced metrology software was used to analyse the measurement data. The aim of the research was to present the changes taking place in the forming of the surface of the studied titanium alloy, in particular those occurring in the final sequential processing. A characterisation of the machined surfaces was prepared based on parametric (surface topography – parameters and functions) and non-parametric (surface morphology – images) analysis. The significant influence of the sequence and the tool (diamond grain and micro-grain) on the surface topography shaped during the technological process is presented. Improvement in the surface quality and features was observed. Parametric analysis showed no significant differences between TA-III and TA-IV surfaces, while these differences were visualised by non-parametric analysis. Moreover, the hereditary features of the surface topography (isotropy and pits/valleys) and their influence on the potential functional properties (place/area for accumulation/retaining of the lubricant in the friction zone) of the titanium alloy were analysed.

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Wpływ wybranych parametrów obróbki elektroerozyjnej na cechy powierzchni obrobionej

Niemczewska-Wójcik M.

Tribologia

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2011

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nr 6

151-159

PL

Tematyka obejmuje zagadnienia z zakresu niekonwencjonalnych metod kształtowania materiałów trudnoskrawalnych – obróbki elektroerozyjnej EDM. W pracy przedstawiono wyniki badań, na podstawie których określono wpływ wybranych parametrów obróbki (energii pojedynczego impulsu Ei) na strukturę geometryczną powierzchni obrobionej, w tym na kształt i rozmiary jej cech (kratery, wgłębienia, nadtopienia, wypływki, pęknięcia, sferoidy).

EN

The paper covers the issues concerning Electric Discharge Machining (EDM), a non-conventional method employed to machine hard materials. The research results are presented, on the basis of which the influence of the chosen EDM parameters (single discharge energy Ei) on the surface geometric structure, including the shape and the size of its features (crater, cavity, remelted area, flash, crack, spheroid), are then discussed.

3

Geomorfologiczno-hydrologiczne uwarunkowania rozwoju mokradeł na przykładzie torfowiska całowanie w dolinie środkowej Wisły

Oświt J., Dembek W.

Woda-Środowisko-Obszary Wiejskie

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2001

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T. 1, z. spec. (3)

119--134

PL

Na podstawie materiałów opisujących rzeźbę i budowę geologiczną doliny środkowej Wisły omówiono związek między geomorfologią terenu a warunkami hydrologicznego zasilania występujących tam mokradeł. Przedstawiono wpływ geomorfologii doliny i obszarów do niej przyległych na najważniejsze cechy ekosystemów mokradłowych – roślinność, gleby, trofizm, dynamikę uwodnienia, ukształtowanie powierzchni. Wykazano, że w strefach przyrzecznych występują mokradła o charakterze mad piaszczysto-gliniastych (mokradła fluwiogeniczne), a w strefie przykrawędziowej, zasilanej wodami gruntowymi (wolnymi i naporowymi), rozwinęło się duże torfowisko soligeniczne o powierzchni dochodzącej do 8 tys. ha. Na przykładzie doliny środkowej Wisły wykazano, że typ hydrologicznego zasilania każdego mokradła może być zidentyfikowany na podstawie jego cech przewodnich.

EN

The relations between geomorphology and hydrological feeding of wetlands are described in this paper, based on the characteristics of the relief and geological structure of the Middle Vistula river valley. The maintenance of the geomorphology of the valley and the surrounding terrains for the main attributes of wetland habitats – plants, soils, fertility, water dynamics and terrain configuration are presented herein. In this paper it is shown that in the river zones, fluviogenous wetlands are formed and in the valley border zones, fed by ground water (free and under pressure) soligenous peatland are found. Całowanie peatland is located on the slope of the Vistula river valley. Behind it a higher, unflooded terrace was formed. In the initial period of development the peatland was intensively fed by ground water, inflowing through the valley bottom from the cut, deep water layers. In the later development phases it was also fed from the upper water layer. In the first stage a sedge-moss peatland was formed, and in the next stage – bushes and alder forest. It was found, that the water management of this reclaimed peatland might be based on the local water supply due to continued, stabile inflow of ground water and outflow by canals. Because of this, elastic distribution of water resources and optimal water management for farming and nature protection is possible. It was proved that geomorphology indirectly influences the genesis and development of wetlands – due to the formation of different hydrological conditions. The hydrological types of wetlands are determined by their location in the relief and hydrographical network and by geological structure. The hydrological type of wetlands and their hydro-ecological conditions determine all the main features: sediments, soils, oxygen conditions, fertility and plant communities. The hydrological differentiation of the peatland led to the different depth, age and stratigraphy of peats and sub-fossil plants communities.