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Gases in the near-surface zone of the reclaimed Barycz municipal waste landfill – a case study from southern Poland

Kopera Paulina A., Sechman Henryk, Twaróg Anna

Geology, Geophysics and Environment

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2023

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Vol. 49, no. 2

101--121

EN

The formation of biogas at municipal landfills and the significant emission of greenhouse gases from these facilities into the environment were the main reasons for analyzing the molecular composition of soil gas in the near-surface zone at the reclaimed part of the Barycz municipal waste landfill. The relations between the studied components (methane, carbon dioxide, light hydrocarbons and non-hydrocarbon components) and impact of the magnitude of recorded concentrations of methane and carbon dioxide on their emission to the atmosphere were evaluated. Two profiles were determined, along which 41 soil and landfill gas samples were taken at 20-meter intervals. At the same time, emissions were measured at each sampling point using a static chamber with a portable fluxometer. Chromatographic analysis showed that the concentrations of methane and carbon dioxide fluctuated in the ranges: 2.1 ppm – 76 vol% and 0.04 ppm – 11 vol%, respectively. Relatively high concentrations of these gases were determined at many of the measurement points, and this was particularly evident at the A-A’ profile, indicating stronger biochemical processes in this part of the landfill, or lateral migration of methane from the neighbouring stage II of the landfill, where biogas extraction is currently taking place. In addition, significant correlations between methane, carbon dioxide, and oxygen were demonstrated, indicating ongoing methane fermentation processes. Based on the study, it can be concluded that the southern part of the A-A’ profile is an optimal place to locate a degassing well from which biogas production could be used. However, the research is only preliminary and, it will be necessary to extend the soil gas tests before the final decision on the location of the well is made. Moreover, it has been shown that the concentrations of methane and carbon dioxide measured at points located outside the landfill were low. This means that generated biogas probably does not migrate beyond the boundaries of reclaimed waste landfill, but this will need to be confirmed by performing additional soil gas tests inside and outside the landfill area. The preliminary assessment of the effectiveness of the reclamation carried out was confirmed by the negligible values of the measured methane and carbon dioxide emissions on the surface.

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Argon Plasma in a New Process for Improving the Physical and Anti-bacterial Properties of Crosslinked Cotton Cellulose with Dimethyloldihydroxyethyleneurea-Maleic Acid

Tsou C H, Suen M C, Tsou C Y, Chen J C, Yeh J T, Lin S M, Lai Y C, Hwang J Z, Huang S H, Hung W S, Hu C C, Lee K R, Lai J Y

Fibres & Textiles in Eastern Europe

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2015

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Vol. 23, no. 1 (109)

49--56

EN

This study reports the findings of an argon (Ar) plasma treatment added to the traditional pad-dry-cure process between dry and cure treatments. This new process is called the "paddry-plasma-cure process". The crosslinking agent was a mixture of dimethyloldihydroxyethyleneurea (DMDHEU) and maleic acid (MA). Results show that Ar plasma treatment can increase the bonded crosslinking agent (i.e., the nitrogen content). The dry crease recovery angle (DCRA), wet crease recovery angle (WCRA), and tensile strength retention (TSR) of the pad-dry-plasma-cure finished fabrics were higher than those of traditional pad-dry-cure finished fabrics at a given nitrogen content. Additionally it was found that the number of crosslinks per anhydroglucose unit (CL/AGU) and the length of crosslinks of pad-dry-plasma-cure-finished fabrics were higher than that of traditional pad-dry-cure finished fabrics at the same resin concentration in the pad bath. DCRA, WCRA and TSR values of pad-dry-plasma-cure-finished fabrics were higher than those of pad-dry-curefinished fabrics at the same CL/AGU value. However, activation energies for the pad-dryplasma-cure process were higher than those for the pad-dry-cure process. The anti-bacterial ability and odour absorption of the pad-dry-plasma-cure and pad-dry-plasma-cure finished fabrics were higher than those for the pad-dry-cure finished fabrics. The surface distribution of crosslinking agents for the pad-dry-plasma-cure process was higher than that of the pad-dry-cure process. Thus the pad-dry-plasma-cure process is excellent for improving the physical properties, bacterial inhibition, and odour absorption of finished cotton fabrics and for decreasing their formaldehyde release.

PL

Artykułu odnosi się do problematyki możliwości i celowości wprowadzenia modyfikacji plazmowej w warunkach niskociśnieniowych i w środowisku argonu do konwencjonalnego procesu wykończenia przeciw mnącego z zastosowaniem reaktywnych żywic termoutwardzalnych. Badano kąt odprężenia na sucho i na mokro, i stwierdzono polepszenie właściwości odporności na zagniecenia w wyniku dodatkowego zastosowania plazmy. Badano również właściwości antybakteryjne i pochłanianie zapachów, które okazały się korzystniejsze dla dodatkowej obróbki plazmowej. W wyniku zmodyfikowanej obróbki uzyskano mniejsze wydzielanie formaldehydu z gotowej tkaniny.

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Model of the Feeding Process of Anisotropic Warp Knitted Fabrics

Mikołajczyk Z.

Fibres & Textiles in Eastern Europe

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2003

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Vol. 11, no. 2 (41)

58--62

EN

The model of the feeding process of anisotropic warp knitted fabrics includes a mathematical model of a knitted fabric in which the surface distribution of variable features of the knitted fabric structure is defined in the form of numerical matrixes, the criteria of selecting the feeding method are defined on the basis of the existing technologies and the definition of forcing the feeding system on the basis of the kinematics of loop-forming elements, and finally the gradient of length of the fed and required threads in structural elements of the knitted fabric. Identifying the feeding system dynamics at constant-length thread feeding formulates the assumptions of the physical model. The mathematical model describes time courses of variations in dynamic forces in threads in a stitch repeat. On the basis of the algorithm of calculations, a numerical simulation of thread feeding was carried out for the structure of a jacquard knitted fabric, determining the extreme values of forces in the fed warp threads.

PL

Struktura modelu procesu zasilania anizostrukturalnych dzianin kolumienkowych obejmuje model matematyczny dzianiny, w którym zdefiniowano w postaci macierzy liczbowych rozkład powierzchniowy zmiennych cech budowy dzianiny; kryteria doboru sposobu podawania w oparciu o kinematykę elementów oczkotwórczych oraz gradient długości podawanych i zapotrzebowanych nitek w elementach strukturalnych dzianiny. Identyfikacja dynamiki układu zasilania przy stałoodcinkowym podawaniu nitek formułuje założenia modelu fizykalnego. Model matematyczny opisuje przebiegi czasowe zmienności dynamicznych sił w nitkach w raporcie splotu. W oparciu o algorytm obliczeń, przeprowadzono symulację cyfrową podawania nitek dla struktury dzianiny kolumienkowej żakardowej, wyznaczając ekstremalne wartości w podawanych nitkach osnowy.

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Zagadnienie rozkładu koncentracji składników niejednorodnej mieszaniny ziarnistej podczas mieszania w przesypie

Tukiendorf M.

Inżynieria i Aparatura Chemiczna

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2002

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Nr 4

139-140

PL

Stopień zmieszania niejednorodnych materiałów ziarnistych zależy od wzajemnego rozkładu mieszanych komponentów w całej objętości złoża i jest on tym większy, im bardziej proporcjonalne jest to rozmieszczenie. W niniejszej pracy przedstawiono aspekt wzdłużnego i poprzecznego rozkładu materiału ziarnistego w zbiorniku podczas mieszania w przesypie.

EN

A degree of non-homogenous granular materials mixing depends on the distribution of the mixed components in the whole bed volume. Theoretically, the more dispersed the material, the bigger the degree of mixing. The presented paper deals with longitudinal and transverse distributions of the granular material during funnel—flow mixing.