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1

The Forming of Acid Mine Drainage Based on Characteristics of Coal Mining, East Kalimantan, Indonesia

Widayati Amy Sri, Dani Umar, Nu'man Harits, Muslim Dicky, Nasruddin Dudi, Nuryahya Himawan, Nurhasan Rully, Agustin Daryl Sarah

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2023

|

Vol. 24, nr 7

301--310

EN

As one of the world’s coal producers, Indonesia continues to increase its coal production. The purpose of this study is to identify and analyze the characteristics of coal that has the potential to produce acid mine drainage. The research method is coal mapping and zoning based on formation, observation, and description of coal characteristics, coal sampling, ultimate and proximate testing, and analysis. The results of the study describe the characteristics of coal related to distribution in the early stages of evaluating the potential for acid mine formation, besides that it can be used as a basis for classifying the potential for acid mine drainage which has a high enough total sulfur based on the results of testing on 15 samples. To prevent the reaction to acid mine drainage, it can be based on the geochemical characteristics of coal by constructing a mine reservoir or making water drainage in a mine that is not close to the stockpile, because there is a possibility that water has the potential to form acid mine drainage (AMD) when it comes in contact with coal potential. So that coal does not have the potential to be a source of acid mine drainage.

2

Study on Corrosion Behavior of Q235 Steel and 16Mn Steel by Electrochemical and Weight Loss Method

Quan Bianli, Xie Zhiping

Archives of Metallurgy and Materials

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2023

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Vol. 68, iss. 2

531--540

EN

This study investigates the corrosion characteristics of Q235 steel and 16Mn steel in the sulfur-containing alkaline solution. The composition and the morphology of the corrosion products were analyzed by XPS and SEM respectively. The electrochemical behavior of Q235 steel and 16Mn steel was evaluated by potentiodynamic polarization curve and EIS. The results indicated that the corrosion rate of Q235 steel is greater than 16Mn steel in the early corrosion. Pitting and selective corrosion appeared on the surface of the two steels, and the surface product layer was granular and defective. XPS and EDS indicate that the structurally stable iron oxide is formed on the surface of the two steels. Electrochemical results show the corrosion kinetics of Q235 steel and 16Mn steel are simultaneously controlled by the charge transfer and ion diffusion, and the formation mechanism of corrosion products was clarified.

3

Application of magnetic separation and reverse anionic flotation to concentrate fine particles of iron ore with high sulfur content

Dehghani Fahimeh, Khosravi Rasoul, Pazoki Amir, Kebe Moustapha, Jahanian Reza, Siavoshi Hossein, Ghosh Tathagata

Physicochemical Problems of Mineral Processing

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2022

|

Vol. 58, iss. 3

art. no. 145420

EN

The sulfur content in iron ore causes technical problems in the process of sintering iron ore in steel and alloys, and environmental problems in discharging the tailing. The major challenge in the iron ore processing plant is handling the finer particles. The key objectives of this research included the concentration of Band Narges Mine iron ore (< 150 μm) as well as the reduction of the sulfur content to achieve a marketable product. First, the mineralogical characterization of iron ore was established, which showed that Fe3O4, SiO2, and CaO were the predominant minerals in the ore body. Moreover, magnetite particles with a size of < 150 μm were mainly locked into the associated gangue mineral. Second, metallurgical experiments were conducted, including magnetic separation and froth flotation. To increase the iron grade and recovery and decrease the sulfur content, two separate process flowsheets were tested, three steps of magnetic separation with a magnetic field strength of 2000 G were used in the first process flowsheets, followed by regrinding to < 74 μm and application of a three-stage reverse flotation. The overall iron grade and recovery were 76.38% and 67.9%, respectively, from this flowsheet. A five-stage successive reverse flotation followed by three stages of magnetic separation at 1000 G was carried out in the second flowsheet. The final recovery and grade of iron for this flowsheet were 77.15% and 64.3%, respectively. The ultimate content of sulfur was estimated at 0.74%.

4

Effect of Dosing PIX 113 Coagulant to the Batch on Mesophilic Fermentation Process and Reducing Hydrogen Sulfide Content in Biogas

Kozłowski Dariusz, Ignatowicz Katarzyna

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2022

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Vol. 23, nr 11

286--293

EN

In certain concentrations, hydrogen sulfide – occurring in gaseous fuel – corrodes combustion chambers, contaminates and acidifies engine oil and has a destructive effect on engine seal components, valve seats and timing. Fuel in the form of digestate gas, before powering cogeneration units, must meet the standards set by the manufacturer of the unit. Whether such values can be achieved depends primarily on the concentration of hydrogen sulfide and the desulfurization method used. The purpose of the study was to determine the effectiveness of sulfur fixation in the sludge by dosing the PIX 113 coagulant directly into the feedstock before pumping into the chamber. The results obtained confirmed the effectiveness of the coagulant and provided the basis for conducting further studies using other products based on iron compounds. During the experiment, there were no negative effects of applying the coagulant to the batch just before pumping into the chamber. The positive aspects of sludge supplementation with the tested agent included an increase in biogas production due to a decrease in the H2S concentration and an improvement in biogas quality parameters – CH4 and CO2.

5

The effect of sulfur, temperature, the duration of the process and reductant on the selective reduction of limonite ore

Bahfie Fathan, Shofi Achmad, Herlina Ulin, Handoko Anton S., Septiana Nanda A., Syafriadi Syafriadi, Suharto Suharto, Sudibyo Sudibyo, Suhartono Suhartono, Nurjaman Fajar

Gospodarka Surowcami Mineralnymi

|

2022

|

T. 38, z. 1

123--136

EN

Lateritic nickel ore is used for producing of ferronickel. Nickel grade in ferronickel ranged from 20–40%. Ferronickel is commonly used to manufacture stainless steel. A new method that can increase the levels of nickel grade is selective reduction, which is a process to reduce the metal oxide to the metallic phase with the addition of additives. In this work, the selective reduction of limonitic nickel ore was carried out by add the 5 wt%, 10 wt%, and 15 wt% of reductant and the 10 wt% of sulfur as additive. The process of selective reduction is performed at temperatures of 950, 1050, and 1150°C with the duration of processs of 60, 90, and 120 minutes, followed by magnetic separation to separate between the concentrate and tailings. The characterization used AAS, XRD, and SEM-EDS for grade and recovery; phases transformation; and the microstructure analysis. The optimum of the grade and recovery of nickel was obtained at a temperature of 1050°C with the duration of process of 60 minutes and 5 wt% of reductant and 10 wt% of additive, which obtain 3.72 wt% and 95.67%. The metal grade and recovery was increase with the increasing of temperature reduction. Nevertheless, too long of the duration of process and too many reductant addition resulted in negative effect on selective reduction of lateritic nickel ore. Highest recovery could get more nickel in the process. And sulfur has the important rules when the selective reduction has been done on the increasing nickel content, the forming of FeS, and decreasing the grain size of ferronickel according to the microstructure in the SEM images around ~30 µm.

PL

Ruda laterytowa niklu jest wykorzystywana do produkcji żelazoniklu. Zawartość niklu w żelazoniklu wahała się w przedziale 20–40%. Żelazonikiel jest powszechnie stosowany do produkcji stali nierdzewnej. Nową metodą, która może zwiększyć poziom niklu, jest redukcja selektywna, czyli proces redukcji tlenku metalu do fazy metalicznej z dodatkami. W niniejszej pracy prowadzono selektywną redukcję rudy limonitowej niklu przez dodanie 5, 10 i 15% wag. reduktora oraz 10% wag. siarki jako dodatku. Proces selektywnej redukcji odbywa się w temperaturach 950, 1050 i 1150°C z czasem trwania 60, 90 i 120 minut, po czym następuje separacja magnetyczna w celu oddzielenia koncentratu od odpadów. Zastosowano: AAS, XRD i SEM-EDS do oceny procesu, transformację faz oraz analizę mikrostruktury. Optimum stopnia odzysku niklu uzyskano w temperaturze 1050°C przy czasie trwania procesu 60 minut i 5% mas. reduktora i 10% mas. dodatku, co daje 3,72% mas. i 95,67%. Gatunek i odzysk metalu wzrastały wraz z obniżeniem temperatury. Niemniej jednak zbyt długi czas trwania procesu i zbyt częste dodawanie reduktora skutkowało negatywnym wpływem na selektywną redukcję laterytowej rudy niklu. Przy najwyższym odzysku można w tym procesie uzyskać więcej niklu. A siarka spełnia ważną rolę, gdy selektywna redukcja została przeprowadzona w celu zwiększenia zawartości niklu, tworzenia FeS i zmniejszenia wielkości ziarn żelazoniklu, zgodnie z mikrostrukturą na obrazach SEM około ~30 µm.

6

The influence of sulfur addition on the hazard-type reaction of ilmenite ores with sulfuric acid

Jabłoński Maciej, Lubkowski Krzysztof, Tylutka Sandra, Ściążko Andrzej

Polish Journal of Chemical Technology

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2021

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Vol. 23, nr 3

17--23

EN

The paper presents results of thermokinetic investigation of the hazard-type reaction of Norwegian and Australian ilmenite ores with sulfuric acid, modified by the addition of elemental sulfur, to increase the process safety in industrial conditions. In the reactions of both ilmenite ores the addition of sulfur caused a reduction of the thermal power generated in the reaction and a decrease in the value of the thermokinetic parameter ΔTmax/Δτ for almost the whole range of initial concentrations of sulfuric acid. It was also found that the addition of sulfur to the reaction did not negatively affect the degree of ilmenite leaching. The interpretation of the obtained thermokinetic curves allowed to determine safe process conditions for both types of titanium raw materials.

7

Analiza porównawcza metod badania zawartości siarki w rdzeniach wiertniczych, węglu i ropach naftowych

Matyasik Irena, Zapała Marek, Kierat Maria, Wciślak Agnieszka

Nafta-Gaz

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2020

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R. 76, nr 7

449--456

PL

Celem pracy było dobranie i zwalidowanie optymalnej metody analizy zawartości siarki w rdzeniach wiertniczych, w tym pochodzących z pokładów węgla. Ponadto badania zostały przeprowadzone dla rop naftowych. W ramach pracy porównano wyniki badań zawartości siarki metodą analizy elementarnej w dwóch analizatorach: w analizatorze elementarnym EA 1108, który daje możliwość spalania próbek w temperaturze do 1080°C, co nie zawsze jest wystarczające w przypadku próbek geologicznych, oraz w analizatorze Leco CR12 rozbudowanym o moduł do oznaczania siarki, który daje możliwość wykonania analizy w 1350°C. W toku analizy elementarnej następuje przekształcenie siarki wolnej i związanej w dwutlenek siarki SO2, którego zawartość jest mierzona za pomocą różnych detektorów: detektora cieplno-przewodnościowego (TCD) w analizatorze EA 1108 lub detektora podczerwieni w analizatorze Leco CR12. Przed badaniami porównawczymi zwalidowano metodę analizy siarki w analizatorze Leco CR12. Badania porównawcze wykonano dla próbek skalnych, dla węgli i dla rop naftowych oraz dla kerogenu. W ramach pracy przeprowadzono analizy elementarne zawartości siarki dla 23 próbek węgla, 22 próbek skał, 5 próbek kerogenu wydzielonego z tych skał oraz dla 9 rop naftowych. Badane próbki węgla i materiału skalnego pochodziły z rdzeni wiertniczych z otworów poszukiwawczych. Wykazano zgodność stosowanych metod dla kerogenu i dla węgli o zawartości siarki powyżej 0,75% w/w oraz dla rop powyżej 0,3% zawartości siarki. Dużo gorszą zgodność uzyskano dla materiału skalnego z rdzeni wiertniczych, charakteryzującego się dyspersją materii organicznej. Dla próbek o niskiej zawartości siarki bardziej wiarygodnych wyników dostarczają oznaczenia wykonane w analizatorze EA 1108. W przypadku ośrodków o dużej dyspersji substancji organicznej, takich jak warstwy istebniańskie, bardziej wiarygodne są wyniki oznaczeń w analizatorze Leco CR12, ze względu na wielkość próbki analitycznej.

EN

The purpose of the work was to select and validate the optimal method for analyzing sulfur content in drilling cores, including those from coal seams. In addition, research was done for petroleum. As part of the work, the results of sulfur content testing were compared by means of elemental analysis in 2 analyzers: in the EA 1108 elemental analyzer, which gives the possibility of burning samples at temperatures up to 1080°C, which is not always sufficient for geological samples, and in the Leco CR12 analyzer expanded with a module for determination of sulfur, which gives the opportunity to perform the analysis at 1350°C. In the course of elemental analysis, free and bound sulfur is transformed into sulfur dioxide SO2, the content of which is measured by means of various detectors: the thermal conductivity detector (TCD) in the EA 1108 analyzer, or the infrared detector in the Leco CR 12 analyzer. Before the comparative tests, the method of sulfur analysis in the Leco CR 12 analyzer was validated. Comparative studies were carried out for rock samples, for coals, for petroleum and for kerogen. As part of the work, elemental analyses of sulfur content were carried out for 23 coal samples, 22 rock samples, 5 kerogen samples separated from these rocks and for 9 petroleum samples. Tested coal and rock material samples came from drill cores from exploratory wells. The methods used for kerogen and for coals with sulfur content over 0.75 wt % have been shown to be compatible. For oils, compatibility was observed above 0.3% sulfur content. Much worse compliance was obtained for rock matter from drilling cores, characterized by dispersion of organic matter. For samples with low sulfur content, determinations in the EA 1108 analyzer provide more reliable results. For media with a high dispersion of organic matter, such as Istebna Beds, the results of determinations in the Leco CR12 analyzer are more reliable due to the size of the analytical sample.

8

Historia górnictwa siarkowego w Polsce w II połowie XX w., jego związki z badaniami naukowymi i rola w kształceniu geologów górniczych

Nieć Marek, Górecki Jerzy

Hereditas Minariorum

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2020

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Vol. 6

45--49

PL

W II połowie XX w miał miejsce w Polsce intensywny rozwój eksploatacji odkrywkowej i otworowej złóż siarki. Nietypowe warunki hydrogeologiczne jej prowadzenia powodowały celowość podjęcia badań naukowych dla rozwiązywania problemów praktycznych. Stworzyło to też doskonałe warunki dla organizacji praktycznego kształcenia geologów w zakresie geologii górniczej. Związki górnictwa siarkowego z badaniami naukowymi i jego udział w organizowaniu nauczania geologii górniczej na terenie jego działalności można uznać za modelowy.

EN

The second half of 20th century was the period of flourishing sulfur mining in Poland. Serious hydrogeological problems encountered in the open cast mines and during borehole exploitation by underground sulfur melting paved way to increased scientific research. It also lead to practical training of students in mining geology. The close links between mining and scientific research and teaching at university level can be regarded as standard.

9

Siarka w produkcji rolnej : aspekt technologiczny, środowiskowy i rynkowy

Piwowar Arkadiusz

Przemysł Chemiczny

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2019

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T. 98, nr 1

89--91

PL

Siarka z uwagi na pełnione funkcje, m.in. udział w procesie syntezy aminokwasów oraz produkcji roślinnych przeciwciał, jest istotnym elementem w technologiach rolniczych. W artykule opisano zastosowanie produktów chemicznych zawierających siarkę w gospodarce rolnej i wskazano znaczenie tych produktów w rozwoju produkcji rolnej, zarówno w aspekcie ilościowym, jak i jakościowym. W wielu rejonach Polski występuje problem niedoboru siarki w glebach rolniczych (niska zasobność w siarkę przyswajalną). Przyczyną tego stanu jest wyraźne ograniczenie emisji SO₂ w Polsce, głównie ze źródeł przemysłowych. Nowoczesna chemia rolna, zarówno w zakresie produkcji roślinnej (nawozy, pestycydy) i zwierzęcej (chemiczne dodatki pasz, leki weterynaryjne) powinna wspierać rolników poprzez dostarczanie produktów agrochemicznych zawierających siarkę.

EN

A review, with 33 refs., of the S-contg. agrocemicals.

10

Rheological and textural properties of hydrogels, containing sulfur as a model drug, made using different polymers types

Wróblewska Magdalena, Słyż Joanna, Winnicka Katarzyna

Polimery

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2019

|

T. 64, nr 3

208--215

EN

The preparation technology and the optimal composition of hydrogels with sulfur prepared using various types of polymers – hydroxyethyl cellulose (HEC), Carbopol 980, and sodium alginate – have been developed. Designed hydrogels were evaluated microscopically, for pH, viscosity and mechanical parameters. In addition, ex vivo bioadhesive properties of obtained hydrogels with hairless mice skin model as adhesive layer were estimated. Hydrogels with sulfur based on sodium alginate possessed the most favorable application properties and were stable at different temperature and humidity conditions during 90 days of storage.

PL

Opracowano technologię otrzymywania i optymalny skład hydrożeli z siarką sporządzonych z wykorzystaniem różnych rodzajów polimerów: hydroksyetylocelulozy (HEC), Carbopolu 980 oraz alginianu sodu. Przygotowane hydrożele oceniano mikroskopowo, poprzez pomiary pH i lepkości oraz na podstawie analizy ich właściwości mechanicznych. Ponadto przeprowadzono badanie bioadhezji ex vivo z wykorzystaniem skóry bezwłosych myszy jako modelu warstwy adhezyjnej. Hydrożele z siarką na bazie alginianu sodu charakteryzowały się najlepszymi właściwościami aplikacyjnymi i były trwałe podczas 90 dni przechowywania w różnych warunkach temperatury i wilgotności.

11

Dissolution behavior of sulfur and some metals from spent petroleum catalysts by alkaline solutions

Le Minhnhan, Lee Manseung

Physicochemical Problems of Mineral Processing

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2019

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Vol. 55, iss. 5

1217--1226

EN

The petroleum refining industry produces a large amount of spent catalysts which contain sulfur and some valuable metals. During the recovery of these valuable metals, sulfur should be processed and removed from the surface of the spent catalyst. Several chemical reagents including NaOH, Na2CO3, H2O2, CS2, and decanol were employed to investigate the removal of sulfur from the spent catalysts. NaOH and ultrasound-assisted oxidative treatment with H2O2 showed better performance than the other reagents for the removal of sulfur from spent catalyst. Sulfur and valuable metals dissolved together to the solution by using ultrasound-assisted oxidative treatment with H2O2, while the covered sulfur was removed from the spent catalyst without affecting the dissolution of valuable metals. The removal of sulfur as well as the leaching of valuable metals was discussed on the basis of oxidation and reduction reaction. The optimum conditions for sulfur removal were chosen as follows: temperature, 600C; pulp density, 20 g/dm3; reaction time, 1.5 h; stirring speed, 800 rpm; and NaOH concentration, 0.5 M. The obtained results can be applied to develop an environment-friendly process to treat sulfur from the spent catalysts.

12

Speciation of Mercury Contaminant in Public Gold Mine Tailing and its Stabilization Using Sulfur and Sulfide

Trihadiningrum Yulinah, Latif Rezki Amalia, Rachman Ranno Marlany

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2019

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Vol. 20, nr 4

29--34

EN

The mercury-containing tailing waste from public gold mines in Indonesia is generally deposited on soil without treatment. This research aimed at determining the amount and composition of mercury species in the tailing, and testing the effect of sulfur and sulfide on mercury stabilization. Samples were collected from a tailing pile at different depths in a public gold mine in Kulon Progo, Indonesia. The samples were characterized according to the mercury concentrations and Toxicity Characteristic Leaching Procedure (TCLP) test. Mercury speciation was carried out using nitrogen gas flow into tailing samples, which were placed in three test tubes. The released mercuric species was entrapped in KCl and KmnO4 solutions. The mercury stabilization was carried out using sulfur and sodium sulfide. TCLP test was performed to the stabilization products. The mercury concentrations were measured using a mercury analyzer. The results showed that the mercury in the tailings were dominated by elemental Hgo, the concentrations of which in the tailing piles of 30, 60, and 90 cm depths were 74.7%, 71.6%, and 76.5% respectively. Those of ionic Hg2+ form were 25.3%, 28.4%, and 23.5%, respectively. Additions of sulfur powder and sodium sulfide solution produced stable black-colored mercury sulfide. When compared to sulfide, sulfur was more recommended for stabilizing mercury in the tailing waste.

13

Influence of sulfur and iron fertilization on nutrient utilization by plants

Tabak Monika, Filipek-Mazur Barbara

Infrastruktura i Ekologia Terenów Wiejskich

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2019

|

nr II/1

53--65

EN

The aim of the three-year pot experiment was to determine the effect of standard mineral fertilization enriched with sulfur and iron on the content of nitrogen and sulfur in plants and on nutrient utilization by plants. Abundance of sulfates in soil after sulfur fertilization was also assessed. The direct effect of fertilization was assessed during the first and second year of the pot experiment, and the after-effect was analyzed during the third year. Rape (first year) and maize (second and third year) were the test plants. Solid mineral fertilizers (A: a mixture of ammonium nitrate and dolomite; B: a mixture of ammonium nitrate and sulfate) enriched with iron sulfate were used. Nitrogen content in the plants varied depending on applied fertilization as well on plant species and part. Sulfur application increased sulfur content in the aboveground parts of plants by 25-457% and in roots by 95-708%. Iron application ambiguously influenced nitrogen and sulfur content in the plants. Hovewer, simultaneous application of iron and sulfur (as fertilizer B enriched with iron) resulted in the highest coefficient of nitrogen (84%) and sulfur (39%) utilization. Sulfur fertilization caused a 5-20 fold increase in sulfate sulfur content in the soil.

14

Sulfur in railway elements

Mikłaszewicz I., Czarnecki M.

Problemy Kolejnictwa

|

2018

|

Z. 180

101--104

EN

The article presents the influence of sulfur as a harmful chemical element in railway elements working under load. The Baumann test shows the segregation of sulfur in the cross-section of the wheelset axle pivot, rail, wheel tyre and coupling elements. The tests were carried out in accordance with the standards PN-87/H-05414, ISO 4968:1979, PN EN 13674-1 + A1:2017, PN EN 13261: 2011, PN-84/H-84027/06, PN-EN 10083-3: 2006 and PN-EN 15566:2016-11, which require the determination of sulfur content and its distribution in those elements.

15

Technologia wydobycia siarki metodą otworową na złożu „Basznia -1”

Bokwa P., Kasztelewicz Z.

Górnictwo Odkrywkowe

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2018

|

R. 59, nr 6

51--60

PL

Artykuł omawia historię rozwoju wydobycia siarki w Polsce, a w tym położenie złóż, parametry siarki, dotychczasowe wydobycie i kreśli perspektywę rozwoju tej branży w Polsce. Zasadniczą częścią jest technologia wydobycia siarki metodą otworową a w tym system i przebieg eksploatacji otworowej, sposoby odziaływania na warunki hydronaporowe horyzontu wód złożowych, zapobieganie przedostawaniu się wód złożowych do chronionych horyzontów wodonośnych oraz wytyczne technologiczne.

EN

The history of sulfur mining in Poland was discussed in this paper. Deposits location, sulfur properties, as well as, current and perspective mining activity was described. The core part of this research is description of Sulphur mining using Frash method. In presented description the general information about mining operation, the hydrogeology, preventing actions in subject of reservoir waters penetration into the protected aquifers, as well as technological guidelines were provided.

16

Effect of Sulfur and Acid Soluble Aluminum Content on Precipitate and Microstructure of Grain-Oriented Silicon Steel

Zhou B., Zhu C., Li G., Luo Z., Gao Y., Bao S., Schneider J.

Archives of Metallurgy and Materials

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2018

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Vol. 63, iss. 4

1701--1708

EN

The combined effect of sulfur (S) and acid soluble aluminum (Als ) content on precipitates and microstructures in grain-oriented silicon steel were investigated. The results show that there are dominant AlN and a little amount of MnS-AlN composite in annealed hot-rolled band, and the amount of precipitates increases distinctly with increasing Als content, while S content plays a negligible role. The inhibitors that precipitate during hot band annealing can restrain the grain growth during hot band annealing and primary annealing, and the smaller grains of annealed hot-rolled band can contribute to the formation of {111} <112> texture during primary annealing. Lower S content is conducive to the formation of {111} <112> texture during primary annealing by promoting the formation of Goss texture during hot rolling.

17

Ocena wartości opałowej oraz zawartości chloru i siarki w wybranych odpadach w aspekcie ich energetycznego wykorzystania

Skawińska A., Micek B., Hrabak J.

Ochrona Środowiska

|

2017

|

Vol. 39, nr 1

39--43

EN

Recovery of energy contained in waste complies with the European legislation on rational environmental resources management. Alternative fuel production from waste allows obtaining fuel of defined quality parameters, hence avoiding technical and maintenance problems associated with instability of waste composition. The classification system of solid recovered fuels (SRF) is defined by key parameters which include calorific value and chlorine and mercury content. Therefore, these two parameters classifying solid recovered fuels, i.e. net calorific value and chlorine content were evaluated in the selected waste groups intended for energetic utilization. The results indicated high variability of the parameter values and heterogeneity of the analyzed waste. The highest calorific value (29.22 MJ/kg) was reported for the alternative fuel sample, while the lowest – for the sewage sludge sample (0.05 MJ/kg). The chlorine content in the waste samples (per dry weight) was in the range of 0.005 to 1.547%. The sulfur to chlorine ratio was also determined, which was essential for corrosion hazard evaluation. Most often the [S]/[Cl] index was < 2.2, indicating an existing corrosion hazard to technological equipment powered with such waste.

PL

Odzyskiwanie energii zawartej w odpadach jest zgodne z prawodawstwem europejskim w zakresie racjonalnej gospodarki zasobami środowiska. Wytwarzanie paliw alternatywnych z odpadów umożliwia otrzymanie paliwa o odpowiednich parametrach jakościowych, co pozwala na uniknięcie problemów technicznych i eksploatacyjnych związanych z niestabilnością składu odpadów. System klasyfikacji stałych paliw wtórnych jest zdefiniowany z wykorzystaniem podstawowych parametrów, do których należą wartość opałowa oraz zawartość chloru i rtęci. Na tym tle dokonano oceny wartości dwóch parametrów klasyfikujących stałe paliwa wtórne – wartości opałowej i zawartości chloru – w wybranych grupach odpadów przeznaczonych do wykorzystania w celach energetycznych. Uzyskane wyniki wykazały dużą zmienność wartości parametrów i niejednorodność analizowanych odpadów. Największą wartość opałową (29,22 MJ/kg) odnotowano w przypadku próbki paliwa alternatywnego, natomiast najmniejszą charakteryzowała się próbka osadów ściekowych (0,05 MJ/kg). Stwierdzony udział chloru w badanych próbkach odpadów (odniesiony do suchej masy) zawierał się w granicach od 0,005% do 1,547%. Wyznaczono także wartości stosunku masowego siarki do chloru w próbkach odpadów, co jest niezbędne do oceny stopnia zagrożenia korozyjnego. Wartość wskaźnika [S]/[Cl] w wielu przypadkach wynosiła <2,2, co świadczyło o istniejącym ryzyku zagrożenia korozyjnego urządzeń technologicznych zasilanych takimi odpadami.

18

Siarczanowa korozja betonu stosowanego do budowy osadników oczyszczalni ścieków po mokrym odsiarczaniu spalin. Cz. 1, Stan wiedzy

Słomka-Słupik B., Mentelski Sz.

Ochrona przed Korozją

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2017

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nr 1

10--12

PL

Na przykładzie jednej ze śląskich elektrowni z instalacją mokrego odsiarczania spalin (IMOS) z węzłem oczyszczania ścieków omówiono problem korozji siarczanowej betonu osadników na ścieki o dużym ładunku jonów SO42-.

EN

The problem of sulfate corrosion of concrete, on the example of one of the Silesian power plant with the installation of wet flue gas desulfurization (WFGD) with a wastewater treatment junction is discussed. The attention is focused on settling tanks, which are collecting wastewater with high content of SO42- ions.

19

Features of the process of obtaining nanosized carbon material

Lutsenko A. S., Kutovoy V. A., Nikolaenko A. A.

Journal of New Technologies in Environmental Science

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2017

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Vol. 1, nr 1

4--8

EN

In the conditions of an economic crisis, for the purpose of preservation of profitability of production energy saving technologies of processing of brown coal are developed. The main direction of use of brown coal is its fuel use on thermal power plants (TPP), small boiler rooms and the production enterprises and for the preparat ion coal-water fuel. For their preparation for combustion padding expenses, bound to drying and subdivision are required. The equipment for drying and subdivision of coal occupies the larger spaces, has high metal and power consumption. Unlike liquid and gaseous fuel natural coals have high ash content and humidity. Therefore there is a need of modernization of processes of preparation of fuel for combustion for the purpose of increase of overall performance of thermal power plants, to decrease in energy consumption, decrease of sulfur and nitrogen in brown coal.

20

Charakterystyka wybranych właściwości gleb i zbiorowisk roślinnych na terenach rekultywowanych i pozostawionych sukcesji po byłej Kopalni Siarki „Grzybów”

Krzaklewski W., Pietrzykowski M., Likus J., Pająk M., Twaróg A.

Zeszyty Naukowe. Inżynieria Środowiska / Uniwersytet Zielonogórski

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2016

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nr 161 (41)

78--86

PL

Badano gleby i roślinność na terenach zrekultywowanych i pozostawionych sukcesji na obszarach poeksploatacyjnych Kopalni Siarki „Grzybów”. Nie stwierdzono fitotoksycznego zasiarczenia gleb. Zbiorowiska obydwu kategorii powierzchni różnił skład i budowa. Zbiorowiska z sukcesji, ze względu na większą różnorodność, powinny stanowić uzupełnienie rekultywacji leśnej.

EN

The soil and vegetation in area reclaimed and left the succession were re-searched on the post-mining areas KS Grzybów. There was not detected the phytotoxic sulfation of soils. Plant communities composition were different for both categories. The communities appeared in the way of succession should be complementary in the forest reclamation process because of their bigger diversity.