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1

Zabezpieczenie majątku na wypadek śmierci

Prusiecka-Sobczak Patrycja

Budownictwo i Prawo

|

2020

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R. 23, nr 4

37--39

PL

Celem artykułu jest określenie sposobów zabezpieczenia majątku na wypadek śmierci spadkodawcy, a także przybliżenie Czytelnikowi przesłanek wydziedziczenia oraz idei fundacji prywatnej (trustu). Praca została napisana na podstawie materiałów normatywnych, z uwzględnieniem dorobku doktryny prawniczej i orzecznictwa. Niniejszy artykuł ma za zadanie wykazać, że regulacje polskiego prawa wymagają pilnej reformy, tak aby przepisy związane ze spadkobraniem firm rodzinnych były przejrzyste i gwarantowały przyszłym pokoleniom bezpieczeństwo finansowe.

EN

The aim of the article is to define the ways of securing assets in the event of the testator’s death, as well as to introduce the reader to the premises of disinheritance and the idea of a private foundation (trust). The paper was written on the basis of normative materials, taking into account the achievements of legal doctrine and case law. The purpose of this article is to demonstrate that the regulations of Polish law require urgent reform, so that the regulations related to the inheritance of family businesses are transparent and guarantee financial security for future generations.

2

A university level educational offer for the 'Y'generation successors of Polish family firms-background

Dźwigoł-Barosz Mariola

Zeszyty Naukowe. Organizacja i Zarządzanie / Politechnika Śląska

|

2019

|

z. 136

109--121

EN

Family businesses play a crucial role in the Polish economy, making up around 36% of the entire SME sector. The development of family companies has been connected to various dilemma, concerning, among others, their continuity and succession. In Polish family-owned businesses, there has appeared a long-expected moment of handing over power to the upcoming generations, i.e. to the so-called Y generation that is now pursuing their university studies. The author of the article has presented the characteristics of ‘Y’ generation successors, with a special emphasis on their distinctive features, as well as backing statistical data. The main core of the paper includes a proposal of a university programme for future managers of family companies. The programme, consisting of 5 modules, revolves mainly around the specific and complex character of the succession process, information policy within the said process, developing managing successors’ managerial skills, with a particular emphasis on their enhancement, as well as informing about the organisational culture of family businesses and the formal and legal conditions of successions.

3

Risk preference of founder and descendant of Indonesian family firms

Putri Aulia Citra, Viverita Viverita

Polish Journal of Management Studies

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2019

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Vol. 20, No. 2

414--425

EN

This study aims to investigate the role of CEO succession in family business and the effect on financial risk. Using a Generalized Least Square (GLS) regression analysis and unbalanced panel data of 48 family firms, the stagnation, agency perspectives, and signaling model of their behavior were tested. This study finds that CEO turnover is negatively associated with firm’s financial risk. Furthermore, CEO descendants are more risk averse than CEO founders, and older CEOs are also more risk averse than younger CEOs. In addition, CEOs with higher education are also more risk averse. This implies that the Indonesian family firms are conservative towards financial risk. In relation to the stagnation perspective, the decrease in financial risk of family firms in Indonesia will be premature to be concluded that it will be in a stagnant phase.

PL

W artykule przedstawiono rolę sukcesji dyrektora generalnego w firmie rodzinnej i jej wpływu na ryzyko finansowe. Wykorzystując analizę regresji Uogólnionego Least Square (GLS) i dane niezrównoważonego panelu 48 firm rodzinnych, przetestowano stagnację, perspektywy agencyjne i model sygnalizacyjny ich zachowania. Badanie wykazało, że zmiana prezesa jest negatywnie związana z ryzykiem finansowym firmy. Ponadto potomkowie CEO są bardziej niechętni do ryzyka niż założyciele CEO, a starsi CEO są bardziej niechętni do ryzyka niż młodsi CEO. Ponadto prezesi z wyższym wykształceniem są również bardziej niechętni do podejmowania ryzyka. Oznacza to, że indonezyjskie firmy rodzinne były konserwatywne wobec ryzyka finansowego. W odniesieniu do perspektywy stagnacji zmniejszenie ryzyka finansowego firm rodzinnych w Indonezji będzie zbyt wcześnie, aby stwierdzić, że wystąpi faza stagnacji.

4

Impact of Different Reclamation Modes of Fly Ash Deposits on Species Richness of Spontaneous Flora

Gamrat Renata, Tomaszewicz Tomasz, Wróbel Mariola, Miller Tymoteusz, Chudecka Justyna, Stankowski Sławomir

Polish Journal of Ecology

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2019

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Vol. 67, nr 4

271--285

EN

The model reclamation process of the studied fly ash deposits has been started in 2003 by formation of five different experimental surface layers containing fly ash and organic matter in various combinations. Then, grass mixture was sown on these surface layers. In 2015, selected properties of plant communities growing on different variants of surface layers applied in the reclamation process were assessed. It was assumed that the type of mineral and organic substrates used in the process and their quality were the main factors affecting the long term plant diversity present on different variants of restored surfaces. The aim of this analysis was the assessment of the effectiveness of ash waste reclamation (carried out on five different types of the surface layer) after 12 years since its initiation. The long term results of the reclamation process showed that the applied surface layers allowed for an effective reclamation of ashes since all variants of experimental surfaces were totally covered by dense vegetation. The predominance of plant species from ruderal and segetal habitats indicated that the soil of the experimental habitats was fertile with neutral and slightly alkaline pH, and texture of sandy loams. The experimental surface layers with a texture of sand of favourable C:N ratio, neutral or slightly alkaline did not limit the plant development. The use of organic waste markedly contributed to the floristic diversity of the spontaneously developed vegetation. Coniferous bark used in some experimental variants had a marked effect on their floristic distinctiveness due to the presence of species preferring habitats of lower pH values.

5

Znaczenie sukcesji w polskich przedsiębiorstwach rodzinnych

Dźwigoł-Barosz M.

Zeszyty Naukowe. Organizacja i Zarządzanie / Politechnika Śląska

|

2018

|

z. 121

97--110

PL

W artykule zaprezentowano zagadnienia z obszaru sukcesji przedsiębiorstw rodzinnych. Zwrócono szczególną uwagę na procesy sukcesji w polskich przedsiębiorstwach ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem zbliżającej się zmiany pokoleniowej przedsiębiorców rodzinnych. Uzupełnieniem rozważań jest wskazanie czynników warunkujących pomyślny proces sukcesji oraz wskazówek w zakresie planowania tego procesu w przedsiębiorstwach rodzinnych.

EN

The paper presents issues concerning succession of family businesses. Particular emphasis has been placed on succession processes in Polish enterprises, with particular emphasis on the upcoming generational change of family entrepreneurs. The reflections are supplemented with an identification of factors conditioning a successful succession process and guidelines for planning this process in family enterprises.

6

Diversity of Ant Community in Ore Sedimentation Basin under Different Regimes of Reclamation

Dvořáčková M., Pech P., Prausová R., Horák J.

Polish Journal of Ecology

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2018

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Vol. 66, nr 2

139--152

EN

Post-industrial sites form a unique phenomenon in the landscape. They enable us to study the human-altered succession of communities. Regarding this, we studied an ant community in three types of habitats – reclamation and spontaneous succession in an ore basin together with unaltered surroundings in the Czech Republic. More than 30 years after being abandoned, the site with spontaneous succession was more species rich than the reclaimed one. Moreover, spontaneous succession created a habitat that was more similar regarding ant diversity to the unaltered surrounding environment than that after traditional reclamation. Ants dependent on tree vegetation were rather rare in both the reclaimed and spontaneous succession parts of the ore basin compared to the surrounding landscape. The relative abundance of socially parasitic ants increases in a gradient from the reclaimed basin, through the basin with spontaneous succession to the unaltered surroundings. Our study highlighted the fact that the formation of ant communities at post-industrial sites is clearly more complicated than for other arthropods, including related aculeate hymenopterans. The potential of both reclaimed and spontaneous succession basins for harbouring endangered species appeared to be lower for ants than for other taxa indicated by recent studies.

7

Ownership succession plainning. Study of agricultural farms in Silesian voivodeoship

Brendzel-Skowera K., Dziadkiewicz M., Łukasik K.

Organizacja i Zarządzanie : kwartalnik naukowy

|

2018

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nr 2

19--31

EN

The problem of succession has been more and more frequent in investigations concerning the future of agricultural farms in Poland. The reducing number of inhabitants, ageing society and a declining number of new births are only some of the factors which highlight this problem. The focus of the study was on the agricultural farms in the case of accidental events such as death or serious illness that makes it impossible for the owner to make representations and sign on behalf of the business solely. These problems are critical from the standpoint of ensuring the continuous operation of the farm. The study was carried out with using a questionnaire and analysis of the independence of the Chi-square test (χ2). Most of the farmers studied think about what would happen in the case of their permanent loss of ability to manage the farm, and especially in the case of their sudden death. The opportunities for presence of other negative events such as serious illnesses seem to be neglected by those who manage agricultural farms. This is likely to be due to the psychological reluctance to think and prepare for such difficult scenarios. The study also demonstrated the lack of correlation between the size of agricultural farm and securing farmers against the accidental events. A moderate relationship was observed only at the level of general planning of the future of the agricultural farm. One of the popular forms among the owners of agricultural farms was establishment of a kind of mortis causa plenipotentiary.

8

Sukcesja i kondycja ekonomiczno - finansowa firm rodzinnych w Polsce i Czechach. Wyniki badań jakościowych

Kraśnicka T.

Zeszyty Naukowe. Organizacja i Zarządzanie / Politechnika Śląska

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2017

|

z. 108

203--214

PL

Celem artykułu jest porównanie procesów sukcesji w firmach rodzinnych Polski i Republiki Czeskiej – w kontekście ich sytuacji ekonomiczno – finansowej. Badania pozwoliły zidentyfikować zakres przeprowadzonych i planowanych sukcesji, barier tych procesów, uwzględniając sytuację ekonomiczno –finansową firm. Wyniki badań potwierdzają duże podobieństwo badanych aspektów sukcesji, zwłaszcza dominację modelu transgeneracyjnego. Podobieństwem charakteryzują się też oceny sytuacji ekonomiczno-finansowej firm i postrzegane bariery. Wyniki przeprowadzonej analizy pozwoliły na sformułowanie propozycji dalszych kierunków badań.

EN

The paper aims to compare succession processes in family firms in Poland and in Czechia. The comparison was performed in the context of their economic and financial position. The study allowed for the identification of the scope of ongoing and planned successions and the barriers to these processes in the light of their economic and financial position. The study results confirm strong similarity between the researched aspects of succession, in particular the dominance of the transgenerational model. Additionally, similarity can be also observed in the comparison of their economic and financial position as well as the barriers to succession. The results of the analysis led to the formulation of directions for further research.

9

Niwelowanie luk w procesie sukcesji przedsiębiorstw rodzinnych

Dźwigoł-Barosz M.

Zeszyty Naukowe. Organizacja i Zarządzanie / Politechnika Śląska

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2017

|

z. 101

125--139

PL

W artykule zaprezentowano zagadnienia z obszaru sukcesji przedsiębiorstw rodzinnych. Szczególną uwagę zwrócono na cztery bariery, które w tym procesie mogą wystąpić, tj. lukę: pokoleniową, wiarygodności, komunikacyjną i emocjonalną. Uzupełnieniem rozważań jest propozycja teoretycznego modelu sukcesji przedsiębiorstw rodzinnych, który zawiera przykładowe metody niwelowania tych zjawisk, celem zapewnienia ciągłości zarządzania w tego typu przedsiębiorstwach.

EN

The paper presents issues concerning succession of family businesses. Particular emphasis has been placed on four barriers which may occur in this process, i.e. the generation gap, the reliability gap, the communication gap and the emotional gap. The reflections are supplemented with a proposal of a theoretical model of family business succession which include sample methods of elimination of those occurrences with the purpose to ensure continuity of management in such enterprises.

10

The Influence of Vegetation Structure on the Composition of the Seed Rain and Seedling Pool in Abandoned Molinion caeruleae Meadows

Kostrakiewicz-Gierałt K.

Polish Journal of Ecology

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2017

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Vol. 65, nr 2

269--284

EN

The investigations of the effect of different habitat conditions on the composition of the seed rain and seedling pool were conducted in the years 2014 and 2015 in abandoned patches of Molinion caeruleae dominated by small-stature meadow taxa (patch I), tall-growing grasses (patch II), as well as shrubs and trees (patch III). Observations showed that along the successional gradient the seed rain and seedling pool diminishes. The prevalence of perennials and native taxa in the seed rain and seedling pool occurred in all the study sites. Moreover, in the propagule and seedling pools of all the patches hemicryptophytes and meadow taxa prevailed but their number decreased in successional sites. Also, the abundance of ruderal and grassland taxa decreased gradually, at expense of number of forest species. Zoochorous species prevailed in the seed rain and seedling pool of all patches. Number of hydrohorous species decreased in successional patches, while the abundance of species with other dispersal modes were similar. Irrespective of patch character, the species producing propagules with medium size dominated in the seed rain and seedling pools, whereas a significant decrease of number of small-seeded species was noticed only in the seedling pool. Despite the diminishing of the seed rain and seedling pool along the successional gradient, the gap creation might be a very effective way of active protection of Molinion caeruleae meadows. However, the gap colonisation requires permanent monitoring to avoid further spreading of undesired taxa.

11

Program sukcesji liderów przedsiębiorstw

Dźwigoł-Barosz M.

Zeszyty Naukowe. Organizacja i Zarządzanie / Politechnika Śląska

|

2016

|

z. 99

107--117

PL

W artykule zaprezentowano zagadnienie sukcesji liderów przedsiębiorstw. Wskazano przesłanki wdrażania programów sukcesyjnych ze szczególnym podkreśleniem problemów kadrowych współczesnych przedsiębiorstw. Zaproponowano program sukcesji liderów w ramach przedsiębiorstwa ukierunkowany na proces zarządzania talentami z uwzględnieniem szczególnej roli pracowników o wysokim potencjale (HiPo), których objęcie koncepcją The Leadership Pipeline może zapewnić ciągłość kompetentnego zarządzania na najwyższym szczeblu, umożliwiając funkcjonowanie przedsiębiorstw w dłuższej perspektywie. Uzupełnieniem rozważań są zagadnienia odnoszące się do procesu sukcesji w przedsiębiorstwach rodzinnych.

EN

The following article presents the notion of business leader succession. It enumerates preconditions for implementing succession programs, with a special emphasis given to HR concerns haunting modern companies. A program for business leaders succession is put forward. The program is designed around the talent management process, taking into account a specific role of high potentials (HiPo). The latter, covered by the Leadership Pipeline concept, may ensure the continuity of competent management process at the highest level, allowing companies to be operative for much longer time. The author also ponders the succession process in family-run companies.

12

Rekultywacja leśna realizowana na terenach pogórniczych kopalni siarki „Osiek”

Pająk M., Krzaklewski W., Pietrzykowski M., Likus J., Kowalczewski W.

Zeszyty Naukowe. Inżynieria Środowiska / Uniwersytet Zielonogórski

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2016

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nr 161 (41)

87--95

PL

W pracy na podstawie wymiarów, jakości i żywotności drzew oraz właściwości gleb oceniono, że realizowana rekultywacja leśna na terenach pogórniczych kopalni Osiek przebiega na ogół prawidłowo. Zbiorowiska drzewiaste z sukcesji wykorzystywane w proces rekultywacji charakteryzowały się dużym bogactwem gatunkowym oraz dobrą żywotnością. Skażenie siarką gleby wystąpiło tylko w nielicznych punktach. Pewien niepokój wzbudza natomiast niska przeżywalność 3-letnich upraw wprowadzonych na badany teren.

EN

The studies on the assessment of forest reclamation on post-mining areas of the Osiek Sulpfur Mine were carried out on 24 experimental plots (10 × 10 m), sixteen of which were located in the area where the full cycle of reclamation treatments was conducted, whereas eight of them were the lands where the existing secondary biocenoses were used. The ongoing forest reclamation on the post-mining lands of the "Osiek" Sulphur Mine was assessed as generally appropriate. The trees that entered the area under the evaluation through succession displayed lower quality, though considerably higher viability when compared with those introduced in the scope of reclamation treatments. While the initial soils in the areas subjected to the full cycle of reclamation treatments were characterised by more favourable granulation, higher pH value and higher carbonate con-tent in relation to the soils where the biocenoses formed through succession were left.

13

Charakterystyka wybranych właściwości gleb i zbiorowisk roślinnych na terenach rekultywowanych i pozostawionych sukcesji po byłej Kopalni Siarki „Grzybów”

Krzaklewski W., Pietrzykowski M., Likus J., Pająk M., Twaróg A.

Zeszyty Naukowe. Inżynieria Środowiska / Uniwersytet Zielonogórski

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2016

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nr 161 (41)

78--86

PL

Badano gleby i roślinność na terenach zrekultywowanych i pozostawionych sukcesji na obszarach poeksploatacyjnych Kopalni Siarki „Grzybów”. Nie stwierdzono fitotoksycznego zasiarczenia gleb. Zbiorowiska obydwu kategorii powierzchni różnił skład i budowa. Zbiorowiska z sukcesji, ze względu na większą różnorodność, powinny stanowić uzupełnienie rekultywacji leśnej.

EN

The soil and vegetation in area reclaimed and left the succession were re-searched on the post-mining areas KS Grzybów. There was not detected the phytotoxic sulfation of soils. Plant communities composition were different for both categories. The communities appeared in the way of succession should be complementary in the forest reclamation process because of their bigger diversity.

14

Impact of Taxonomic Resolution on the Indicatory Information : Studies on Carabid Beetles in Poland

Schwerk A., Dymitryszyn I.

Polish Journal of Ecology

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2016

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Vol. 64, nr 2

255--267

EN

The informative power of species surrogacy with respect to ecological processes and anthropogenic influences has been rarely studied. Thus, five datasets on carabid beetles collected using pitfall traps were analysed in order to study the impact of changing the taxonomic resolution from species to genus level on their indicatory information: a dataset of eight study sites in differently managed habitats sampled in 2013, a dataset tracing successional changes from 2004 to 2013 in a naturally regenerated pine forest, a dataset of three sites on a heap of power plant ashes and a dataset of four sites on a colliery spoil heap, both sampled from 2004 to 2011, and a dataset of six sites along the roadside of a highway being renovated in 2009, sampled in 2008 and from 2010 to 2012. The datasets were analysed by studying correlations of species numbers with genus numbers and species based Shannon diversity with genus based Shannon diversity, testing compliance between species based and genera based similarity matrices, and comparing the information provided by ordination diagrams based on species information or genus information respectively. The results indicate that at least in our study a substantial amount of information provided by species data is still contained in the genus data, but information about fine graded differences between study sites gets lost. We conclude that, even if carabid genus information might be useful in some cases (e.g. preliminary biodiversity assessment), the limitation to higher taxonomic levels like the genus level has to be done with caution.

15

The succession of functions in the fortified landscape of the old Drezdenko Fortress

Szumigała P.

Architektura Krajobrazu

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2016

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nr 3

42--53

EN

The study based on the example of Drezdenko fortress demonstrated that the previous lack of the principles of protection of cultural values contributed to the disappearance of the landscape elements associated with the material heritage, some of which are the result of activities related to changes of techniques of defence and combat. Changes in the landscape of former military facilities are strongly affected by succession of ownership. The new owners, by introducing new forms of land use, contribute to the loss of the original landscape elements. This phenomenon occurs not only in the analyzed Drezdenko fortress, but is also common on other sites. It is worth taking steps to leave some heritage of our ancestors for next generations.

PL

Celem badań była ocena stopnia sukcesji funkcji oraz jej skutków w krajobrazie warownym dawnej Twierdzy Drezdenko. Dawna twierdza Drezdenko usytuowana jest na terenie należącym obecnie do miasta Drezdenko. W badaniach zastosowano metodę analizy graficznej i opisowej na podstawie historycznych i współczesnych dokumentów planistycznych oraz wizji w terenie. Ustalono etapy sukcesji funkcji na terenach twierdzy i jej sąsiedztwa w zakresie krajobrazowym i przestrzenno- funkcjonalnym. Podjęto próbę oceny skutków tych przemian na krajobraz oraz przedstawiono propozycje działań mających na celu zachowanie walorów krajobrazowych i przestrzennych terenów twierdzy w kontekście zrównoważonego rozwoju przestrzeni zurbanizowanych. Wykazano zmiany krajobrazu warownego w kierunku krajobrazu obszarów miejskich.

16

The changes of energy and carbon in top soil and above-ground part of Dryopteris filix-mas (Pteridophyta) species along the succession of beech forest

Kuklová M., Kukla J., Šimková I.

Polish Journal of Ecology

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2014

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Vol. 62, nr 3

467--478

EN

The objective of research was to verify, whether succesion of nudal beech forests affects energy, ash and Ct contents of top layers of cambisols and aboveground part of dominant herb species Dryopteris filix-mas. The forest stands, from the juvenile stemwood to the stand of primeval forest character, were located in Slovenské stredohorie Mts (Western Carpathians). It has been found out that the successional stages of beech stands significantly affected soil characteristics of the ecotope, in the case of Dryopteris filixmas species significant difference was observed only for the energy content. Approximately 7.5% less energy was accumulated in humus subhorizons Oof of mature beech stands (110, 200 years) compared with the juvenile stemwoods. On the other hand, in Aoq horizons markedly more energy (by 35–66%) was accumulated in the soils of mature beech phytocoenoses. The influence of stand succession differentiated ash content in Aoq horizons too. Significant difference (7.6%) was found between 85 and 200-year-old beech stand. Within studied parameters only accumulation of Ct in top soil layers was not significantly affected by stand succession. The relation between energy and ash accumulation in top soil layers of studied beech stands showed significant correlations between the variables (P <0.01). Approximately 62% of energy variability in humus subhorizons Ool of the studied stands was affected by the ash content (lower was the ash content – higher was the energy content). In Aoq soil horizons this dependence was 50% (higher was the ash content – lower was the energy content).

17

Post-fire changes of soil seed banks in the Elary succesionsl stage of pine forest

Kwiatkowska-Falińska A., Jankowska-Blaszczyk M., Jaroszewicz B.

Polish Journal of Ecology

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2014

|

Vol. 62, nr 3

455--466

EN

Our research was conducted on abandoned fields which had been undergoing spontaneous succession for 40–50 years and then were partly burnt. The main objective of the study was to examine if spontaneous fire in the early successional stage of pine forest causes a decrease in the number of species, diversity and density of seed banks, and an increase in the share of species forming long term persistent seed banks. Standing vegetation and soil seed banks were studied on 20 permanent plots on adjacent burnt and unburnt sites one and twelve years after spontaneous fire. One year after the fire the number of species in the seed banks of both areas was similar (11 and 12 species). In the burnt area the Shannon index and the floristical similarity between the seed bank and standing vegetation were lower, and seed density five times higher than in the unburnt area (15 691.5 m-2 vs.3426.5 m-2). This was mainly the effect of the high number of seedlings of Calluna vulgaris (L.) Hull and Spergula morisonii Boreau germinating from the burnt plots. Twelve years after the fire the number of species in both seed banks had increased little, but seed density in the burnt area (1742.5 m-2) had decreased 16 times, while that of the unburnt area had changed only slightly (2875.5 m-2). At the same time the Shannon index for the burnt area increased considerably, whereas for the unburnt one it did not change. Our study shows that the long-term persistent soil seed bank plays a fundamental role at the beginning of the post-fire regeneration of temperate coniferous forest vegetation. Germination of Calluna seedlings from the burnt soil seed banks in several times higher numbers than from unburnt soil seed banks may suggest that heat from the fire promotes a loss of dormancy in the heather seeds.

18

Interactive effects of nitrogen and water addition on competitive hierarchies between early- and late-successional plant species

Jiang L., Lan Z., Liu G., Kardol P.

Polish Journal of Ecology

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2014

|

Vol. 62, nr 4

665--678

EN

Increased nitrogen (N) and water availability, resulting from global changes or ecosystem management, were predicted to promote plant productivity and change community composition through shifts in competition hierarchies. So far, however, it still remains unclear how competitive interactions respond to N and water additions, which will be important to understand how plant community composition changes. To test plant competition ability in different successional stages under N and water addition treatments, a pot experiment under field conditions was performed. Six dominant plant species, three early-successional species, Artemisia lavandulaefolia, Artemisia capillaris, and Pennisetum centrasiaticum versus three late-successional species, Stipa krylovii, Leymus chinensis, and Artemisia frigida, were grown in monocultures and in two-species mixtures under factorial combinations of N and water addition treatments. We found that (1) there were interactive effects of N addition, water addition and interspecific competition on plant biomass; (2) For a given species, competitive abilities were correlated with biomass difference of neighboring species; (3) N and water additions interactively increased competition intensity and shifted species competitive hierarchies; (4) Late- successional species had stronger competitive abilities in the N addition treatment, whereas early-successional species had stronger competitive abilities after water addition or N + water addition. Our results show that N and water additions increased the intensity and impact of interspecific competition on plant growth, which has great implications for community structures. Since interspecific differences in competitive abilities were not well explained by species biomass, species identity, such as plant functional traits, should be included to predict the impact of increased N and water availability on plant communities and ecosystem functions.

19

Rugosa (Anthozoa) of the Serpukhovian Lower Carboniferous) of the Upper Silesian Coal Basin

Fedorowski J., Machłajewska I.

Acta Geologica Polonica

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2014

|

Vol. 64, no. 1

13--45

EN

Two species, Antiphyllum sp. nov. 1 and Zaphrufimia sp. nov. 1, the first corals found in Štur horizon of the upper Malinowickie Beds, Upper Pendleian (E1), are here described. Additional study of the subspecies of Zaprufimia disjuncta show them to be more similar than previously thought. Although they occur mainly in the Enna and Barbara horizons, one specimen of Z. d. serotina comes from the Gabriela horizon. Biozone Zaphrufimia disujncta disjuncta/Z .d. praematura is proposed for the Enna and Barbara horizons. The subzone of Zaphrufimia/Triadufimia of that Biozone, defined by the presence of Triadufimia gen. nov., is restricted to the Enna horizon. As confirmed by the occurrence of Cravenoceratoides edalensis, the new subzone roughly corresponds to the E2b1 ammonite Zone. An Antiphyllum/Ostravaia/Variaxon assemblage Zone is proposed for the coral assemblage of the Gaebler horizon. Cravenoceratoides nitidus present in the Roemer band (Ib) shows it to correlate with the E2b2 ammonite Zone. Comparison with other European regions suggests possible faunal exchange between those areas and the Upper Silesian Coal Basin in Serpukhovian time.

20

Modyfikacja wariantów sukcesji w ewolucyjnej metodzie planowania ścieżki przejścia

Kuczkowski Ł., Śmierzchalski R.

Zeszyty Naukowe Wydziału Elektrotechniki i Automatyki Politechniki Gdańskiej

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2013

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Nr 36

111--116

PL

W pracy analizowano wpływ sukcesji na kształtowanie nacisku selektywnego w ewolucyjnej metodzie planowania ścieżek przejść. Opisano metody sukcesji oraz przedstawiono pojęcie nacisku selektywnego. Zrealizowano badania dla 4 rodzajów algorytmów ewolucyjnych, w każdym przypadku stosując inną metodę sukcesji. Przeprowadzono symulację, uwzględniając liczbę wymienianych osobników oraz różne metody zastępowania. Otrzymane rezultaty pozwalają na dobór metody sukcesji tak, aby zapewnić zbieżność oraz zachować zdolność algorytmu do przeszukiwania przestrzeni rozwiązań.

EN

In this paper an impact of post-selection methods on shaping selection pressure was analyzed. Different methods of post-selection has been described. The concept of selection pressure was presented. Research has been made for 4 kinds of evolutionary algorithm, in each case a different method of post-selection was used. The simulations was performed taking into account number of replaced individuals and various methods of replacement. Results allow to choose post-selection method, so that algorithm will be able to effectively search solution space and ensure its convergence.