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Strength and Durability of Cement Stabilized Expansive Soil Amended with Sugarcane Press Mud

James Jijo, Selvam Akilan Gunaselvi, Annamalai Krishna Khumaar, Marimuthu Vishal, Srinivasan Vishnu Varadhan, Kolamurugan Sooraj

Civil and Environmental Engineering Reports

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2022

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Vol. 32, no. 1

138--151

EN

The present investigation delved into the performance of cement stabilized soil amended with sugarcane press mud (PM), an organic waste residue from the sugar industry. An expansive soil was stabilized using 3% and 8% ordinary Portland cement (OPC) and modified with 1%, 3% and 5% PM. Cylindrical samples of dimensions 38 mm diameter and 76 mm height were cast and cured for 7, 14 and 21 days for all combinations considered. After the designated curing periods, the specimens were strained axially until failure to determine the strength of the samples. Samples were also subjected to alternate cycles of wetting and drying and the resistance to loss in weight was determined. The results of the investigation revealed that PM can be considered as a strength accelerator due to enhancement in early strength of the samples at 7 days of curing but beneficial strength gain could not be sustained over extended curing periods considered. However, 1% and 3% PM modified specimens were more resistant to weight loss when compared to pure cement stabilized specimens. Based on the results of the investigation, PM can be considered as a potential auxiliary additive to cement stabilized soil for improving the durability performance of the soil.

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Assessing the impact of climate change on sugarcane and adaptation actions in Pakistan

Farooq Nageen, Gheewala Shabbir. H.

Acta Geophysica

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2020

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Vol. 68, no. 5

1489--1503

EN

Climate change is a challenging global issue for the sustainable production of various crops around the world as change in climatic patterns can create a stressful environment for plant growth. This study assesses the impact of climate change on future water demand and sugarcane yield in Pakistan for the baseline (1981–2005) and future timescales (2020s, 2050s and 2080s). For evaluating the crop water requirement and yield under future climate, CROPWAT 8.0 and AquaCrop models were used, respectively. For the estimation of future climate, three diferent Regional Climatic Models were applied under two projection scenarios i.e. RCP 4.5 and RCP 8.5. Maximum temperature, precipitation and minimum temperature displayed an increasing trend under the projected future climatic conditions. The results revealed a growth in the crop water requirement with a subsequent escalating irrigation demand caused due to rise in projected temperature; this is because the projected increase in precipitation under forecasted weather conditions cannot compensate for the increased evaporative demand. Moreover, the results showed a general increasing trend of sugarcane yield under projected climate. By delaying the crop calendar, an overall decrease in crop water requirement in the range of 10.7–12.6% and increase in the yield in the range of 0.37–6.48 tha−1 can be observed under both climate change scenarios. Moreover, 90% of control irrigation level proved benefcial in terms of saving around 10% irrigation water with acceptable yield reduction. The outcomes of the study are supportive for growers to gain more yield using less amount of water and to adapt to changing climate. The results are also helpful for policy makers to develop adaptation strategies to improve sugarcane productivity and to address water stress in Pakistan.

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Spatial variability and dynamics of soil pH, soil organic carbon and matter content: The case of the Wonji Shoa sugarcane plantation

Dinka Megersa Olumana, Dawit Meseret

Journal of Water and Land Development

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2019

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no. 42

59--66

EN

This study presents the spatial variability and dynamics of soil organic carbon (SOC), soil organic matter (SOM) and soil pH contents at the Wonji Shoa Sugar Estate (WSSE), Ethiopia. Soil samples were collected immediately after the sugarcane was harvested and then analysed for SOC, SOM and pH content using standard procedures. The analysis results showed that the pH value varied between 6.7–8.4 (neutral to moderately alkaline) and 7.3–8.5 (neutral to strongly alkaline) for the top and bottom soil profiles, respectively. The SOM content is in the range of 1.1–6.7% and 0.74–3.3% for the upper and lower soil layers, respectively. Nearly 45% of the samples demonstrated a SOM content below the desirable threshold (<2.1%) in the bottom layer and, hence, inadequate. Moreover, most of the topsoil layer (95%) has an SOM content exceeding the desirable limit and hence is categorized within the normal range. Interestingly, the SOC content showed a spatial variability in both the surface and sub-surface soil layers. A lower SOC and SOM content was found for the sub-soil in the south and southwestern part of the plantation. A further decline in the SOC and SOM content may face the estate if the current waterlogging condition continues in the future for a long period. Overall, the study result emphasizes the need to minimize the pre-harvest burning of sugarcane and action is needed to change the irrigation method to green harvesting to facilitate the SOC retention in the soil and minimize the greenhouse emission effect on the environment, hence improving soil quality in the long-term.

PL

W pracy przedstawiono przestrzenną zmienność i dynamikę węgla organicznego w glebie (SOC), materii organicznej (SOM) i pH na plantacji Wonji Shoa Sugar Estate (WSSE) w Etiopii. Próbki gleby były pobierane bezpośrednio po zbiorze trzciny cukrowej. Analizowano w nich wymienione wyżej składniki według standardowych procedur. Wartość pH zmieniała się od 6,7 do 8,4 w powierzchniowej warstwie gleby i od 7,3 do 8,5 w głębi profilu glebowego. Zawartość materii organicznej wynosiła od 1,1 do 6,7% w górnej i od 0,74 do 3,3% w dolnej warstwie gleby. Około 45% próbek zawierało materię organiczną w ilościach mniejszych niż pożądana (2,1%) w głębszych warstwach gleby. Większość próbek powierzchniowych zawierała materię organiczną w ilościach przekraczających tę granicę, co klasyfikuje te gleby jako normalne. Co ciekawe, zawartość węgla organicznego cechowała zmienność przestrzenna zarówno w powierzchniowych, jak i podpowierzchniowych warstwach gleby. Mniejszą zawartość materii organicznej i węgla organicznego stwierdzono w podpowierzchniowych warstwach gleby z południowej i południowozachodniej części plantacji. Gleby na plantacji mogą doświadczać dalszego spadku zawartości SOC i SOM, jeśli obecne wysycenie gleby wodą będzie występowało w przyszłości. Podsumowując, wyniki badań wskazują na potrzebę minimalizowania opalania trzciny cukrowej przed zbiorem oraz podejmowania działań zmierzających do zmiany metod nawadniania, aby usprawnić retencję węgla organicznego w glebie i łagodzić środowiskowe skutki emisji gazów cieplarnianych, a przez to polepszyć jakość gleb w dłuższej perspektywie czasowej.

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Soil Variability and Sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum L.) Biomass along Ultisol Toposequences

Armanto M. Edi

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2019

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Vol. 20, nr 7

196--204

EN

Uniforming sugarcane management without any knowledge of soil variability could result in some parts of a sugarcane field receiving insufficient inputs, while other parts receive an excessive input. The research aimed at assessing the soil variability and sugarcane biomass along Ultisol toposequences in Central Lampung, Indonesia. Two sugarcane catenas and one forest catena were fully described in the fields. Soil horizons are represented by Ap/Ah/M, E, B, Cc and Cg with dominant clay translocation. The gleying symptom was found only in the lower slope to depression. The concretion depths can be used as an erosion indicator if the soil parent material is well characterized. Soil P has a maximum value of Ap horizon and decreases with the depth and no effect of internal erosion in the form of soil P accumulation in subsoils can be observed, except for the colluviated horizon. Kaolinite clay is dominantly found to buffer the changes in pH, except Ap horizon of sugarcane. The organic C depends on the pedogenesis and catena form. Al saturation indicates that the dominant soil weathering is intensive. Al saturation in the Ap horizon (Catena G1; G2) was reduced from 80% to 20–40% caused by liming and fertilization. The catena position was the main factor causing the increasing soil variability, which was responsible for the variability of sugarcane biomass. The sugarcane biomass increased with decreasing slopes. The highest biomass was found in the depression (105 tones/ha) if the sedimentation process is characterized by the formation horizon M and accompanied by the nutrient accumulation from the hilltops.