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1

Suburbanizacja, jej skutki i postrzeganie

Sobczak-Rzewnicka Maja, Haupt Patrycja

PUA Przestrzeń Urbanistyka Architektura

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2023

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Vol. 1

126--137

PL

Artykuł dotyczy problematyki suburbanizacji, jej konsekwencji oraz postrzegania jej przez osobyz różnych grup społecznych. Na podstawie literatury przedmiotu, badań in situ oraz sondaży internetowychpoddano analizie wpływ pochodzenia, wieku i innych czynników na postrzeganie urbanizacjiprzedmieść. Pozwoliło to na ustalenie możliwych płaszczyzn, na które należy zwrócić uwagę przy rozwojuobszarów podmiejskich.

EN

The article deals with the issue of suburbanization, its consequences and the perceptions of people from different social groups. On the basis of the literature on the subject, in situ research and Internet surveys, the influence of origin, age and other factors on the perception of suburbanization was analyzed. This made it possible to identify possible areas to pay attention to in suburban development.

2

Suburbia – ekoidee a praktyka

Kępkowicz A.

Zieleń Miejska

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2013

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Nr 3

42-43

PL

Suburbia wydają się predystynowane do wprowadzania w nich rozwiązań proekologicznych. W kształtowaniu ich sieci osadniczej zastosowanie mogą znaleźć dostępne w ostatnich latach technologie oraz projekty przestrzenne, oparte na ekoideach. Nasila się tendencja do zmiany miejsca zamieszkania z obszarów zurbanizowanych na tereny podmiejskie. Wybór ten podyktowany jest najczęściej czynnikami ekonomicznymi oraz chęcią przebywania w zdrowszym środowisku. Pojawia się jednak pytanie: jak powinna się wyglądać relacja między człowiekiem a środowiskiem w projektowanych przestrzeniach suburbiów?

3

Suburbia – krajobraz przed bitwą

Kępkowicz A.

Zieleń Miejska

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2012

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Nr 1

40-43

PL

Krajobraz jest probierzem procesów zachodzących w sferze społecznej, politycznej, gospodarczej i światopoglądowej. Jeśli więc stanowi tylko ich wypadkową, małe są szanse na to, by w najbliższym czasie Polska doczekała się miana krajobrazowej perły Europy.

4

Historyczne i współczesne uwarunkowania procesów suburbanizacji

Małek J.

Przestrzeń i Forma

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2011

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nr 16

431-442

PL

Niekontrolowane rozprzestrzenianie się zabudowy niewątpliwie stanowi zagrożenie dla rozwoju i ciągłości miast, a także dla zachowania ładu przestrzennego. Wielopłaszczyznowość suburbanizacji uzależniona jest od różnorakich czynników ją determinujących, np. natury społecznej, ekonomicznej, kulturalnej i środowiskowej jak również politycznej czy prawnej. Biorąc pod uwagę czynniki jak również formy jakie przybiera należy zauważyć jak bardzo ten proces jest złożony i skomplikowany.

EN

The uncontrolled spread of building certainly is a threat to the development and continuity of the cities, and also for spatial behavior. Multilevel nature of suburbanisation depends on many factors which determine it, eg. social, economic, cultural and environmental as well as political or legal. Considering factors and forms of suburbanisation to be noted how much this process is complex and complicated.

5

Przekształcenia struktur przestrzennych małych miast Wielkopolski. Wybrane zagadnienia na przykładzie Buku i Stęszewa

Graczyk R.

Teka Komisji Architektury, Urbanistyki i Studiów Krajobrazowych

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2008

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T. 4, cz. B

60--72

PL

Przemiany cywilizacyjne i ekonomiczne, takie jak: rozwój demograficzny, komunikacyjny, gospodarka rynkowa, wpływają znacząco na zmiany przestrzenne polskich małych miast. Nowe tendencje rozwojowe powodują, że dawny hierarchiczny system miasta z dominującym śródmieściem pełniącym rolę centrum ulega przekształceniom. Przestrzeń śródmiejska zaczyna podlegać stagnacji w związku z aktywizacją przestrzeni podmiejskiej, która charakteryzowała się zawsze wolniejszym rozwojem. Zjawisko to jest szczególnie widoczne w miastach znajdujących się w strefie oddziaływania dużej aglomeracji miejskiej.

EN

The civilization and economical changes connected with such elements as demography, communication system and market economy influence spatial alterations within the polish small towns. New development tendency decreases importance of the town centre: in that part of the town there is a development stagnacy, contrary to the suburban areas that are developping intensively. This trend particularly is to be seen in the agglomeration zones.

6

Transformacja miast: od kolebki kultury do jej trumny : o rozbieżności założeń programowych z osiągniętymi rezultatami

Radziewanowski Z.

Czasopismo Techniczne. Architektura

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2004

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R. 101, z. 2-A

125--128

EN

The paper focuses upon the relations between the fundamental assumptions underlying the very essence of towns and their history that shaped a certain type of community. The text includes some assertions made by Prof. Aleksander Wallis, the author of a book "City - America", in which he carries out a comparative analysis of the origin and character of towns of the Old and New Continent. He also describes activities undertaken by the government and local authorities to socially restore central areas of big cities. The activities that sometimes paradoxically increase social degradation in these areas and thus become the source of a growing phenomenon: the insular use of towns, the phenomenon that currently also occurs in our country. The sociological significance of the said phenomenon shows that the state does not have the proper model of social policy, while in the field of architecture and urban planning it initiate,, the degradation of spatial structure of towns as well as their cultural qualities dominated by civilisation functions.

7

Zrównoważona rehabilitacja przedmieść - powrót do kultury europejskiej

Kosiński W.

Architektura Krajobrazu

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2002

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nr 1-2

13-21

EN

Outskirts surrounding towns in post-communist East Europe, represent most deteriorated landscape, more destructed then townscape, villages and open landscapes. However transformation in this region since 1989 brings several positive features in space, but unfortunately outskirts and provincial landscapes present not cultural landscape, but chaotic, nomans land without identity. Restoring this areas is exceptionaly difficult, because they are huge and complex. But province is most significant indicator of quality in the country - social, economic and last but not least - aesthetic. So the way from postcommunist East Europe towards free United Europe, goes through this rehabilitation. In our outskirts and province there are several factors - elements of space, which spoil the cultural landscape. This elements need reparation, which opens a great chance - reeuropeisation the East. 1/Housing-communist modelI; blocks, and extensive, chaotic houses, covering areas between towns and villages. 2/ Housing -postcommunist modell; pseudo-American condominiums collective or row houses, intensive, buttotaly cut of from urban or rural structures. 3/ Market buildings; as well pseudo-American modell, located far from urban centres, brutaly dominating landscape, as blocks of flats built in communism. 4/ Market areas, "stock markets" where people sell cars, or green products. This are mainly primitive large squares without landscape values. 5/ Traffic lines, areas and facilities, as motorways check-in centres, airportrs, and harbours. 6/Agriculture areas, mainly turned from natural growing culture, into semi-industrial production using pesticides, concentrated in monotonous green houses, also without landscape values. 7/ Parks and forest areas dominated with meadows, trees and water, as well gardens and cemeteries. Green terrains play double role: at first they serve as ecological sources for nearby towns, eg. circular green belts and diagonal natural corridors offering fresh air and supplay of salubrious waters; secondly they are used for numerous types of health service, recreation, spacy sports, and tourism. Conclusions. 1. Traditional, classical European town means harmonious "Gestalt" of built up area, and clear edge between it and open surrounding. Eventual "fringes" are logical urban or rural settlements with identity and beauty. This model still exists in leading Westeuropean countries. 2. Communism together with false interpretation of Modern Movement occured with blocks of flats surrounding towns, and with uncontrolled dispersion of chaotic family-houses, around towns in open landscape. 3. Postcommunism during first decade of transformation in Easteuropean countries occures in suburbs with pseudo-American concepts oriented for fast money only, not for quality of landscape. 4. The most logical idea for better future of cultural landscapes in suburbs, fringes, outskirts and province is rehabilitation according to evergreen pattern of European town-and-land-scape design. It has double advantage: it will make the landscape more efficient and beautiful, also it will be significant prove that standards in East European countries become closer to these in United Europe.

8

Zielone przedmieścia Śląska (plany zagospodarowania przestrzennego jako narzędzia kreowania wartości krajobrazowych)

Strabel W., Włodarczyk J.

Architektura Krajobrazu

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2002

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nr 1-2

22-35

EN

The quality of the area in which we live can be determined in relation to suburban zones putting forward the problem how to reconcile the growing attractivity for investments in suburban areas with those still green open spaces, so far without any investments, without reducing their natural and landscape values? how to develop without any devastations? Such is our proposal of setting up a programme to develop those areas adjacent to towns. We want to illustrate this by examples of solutions in the Upper Silesian Municipal Area. The most important matter is to set up new landscape standards, new spatial Values referring to classical ideas of upgrading our towns, so that they might come up to modern times and a harmonious development. As a tool for such a planning may serve detailed and general plans of towns as a legal basis of their creation, the final effect being not only the health of their inhabitants, but also attractive outskirts of these human settlementst. Studies which have been undertaken indicate distinctly the necessity of cooperation and solidary endeavour of all the participants in this creative process, i.e. the shaping of suburban zones.

9

Przedmieście w mieście zwartym

Schneider-Skalska G.

Architektura Krajobrazu

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2002

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nr 1-2

82-87

EN

Modern and future cities, as a basic place of habitation for most people, create a sociological, special and ecological problem. Around 1900 only 10% of people lived in them, currently this number reaches 50%, and after 2005, the inhabitants of cities will consist of 2/3rds of earth's population. Whole regions are subjected to further movement to cities and an increase in the number of city dwellers, especially in big cities, allowing the highest possibilities of finding work and social promotion. Extreme examples of giant cities are in South America, Asia or Africa. It seems that the 21st century will not bring revolutionary changes in the process of shaping and infrastructure of the cities. New cities will not be created, we will be solving old problems in old cities. And those basic problems will be a clean environment (air, water, soil, communication, contact with nature and a need for flats, in various proportions. Cities which offer an appropriate number of flats will have to modernize them, offering better and better living conditions, which means in developed and rich societies a healthy environment, contact with nature, good public transport and high esthetical values, but also the possibility of choice. All those actions can be carried out by various means. A discussion on the subject of directions of development of cities and at the same time the role of suburbs is not ended.