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Tectonics of the Upper Nysa Kłodzka Graben, the Sudetes

Badura J., Rauch M.

Geologia Sudetica

2014

Vol. 42

137--148

The Upper Nysa Kłodzka Graben is a geological unit well identifiable on geological, topographical and digital elevation model (DEM) maps. Tectonic activity in the area dates back to the Late Cretaceous, when the frames of the tectonic trough were formed due to the uplift of the Śnieżnik Massif Range in the east, Krowiarki Mts. Range in the north and the Bystrzyca Mts. and Orlicka Mts. ranges in the west. The total vertical displacement between the deepest locations in the graben and the highest peaks in the Śnieżnik Range varies between 1200 and 1700 m. The vertical differences in topographical relief of the graben basement exceed 500 m. Although the Upper Nysa Kłodzka Graben extends NNW–SSW, concordantly with the trend of mountain ridges in the Śnieżnik Range, subordinate tectonic structures within the graben trend N–S in its southern part near Králíky and NW–SE in the middle and northern parts. The trends of the subordinate tectonic structures are, thus, parallel to the main mountain ranges in the Orlica Mts., Bystrzyca Mts. and Krowiarki Mts. The most intensive vertical movements took place in the Late Touronian, Coniacian, at the turn of the Creataceous and Tertiary, in the Paleogene and Early Neogene. Although the Late Neogene and Quaternary activity in this area is not well documented, the vertical displacement along faults is assessed at ~70 m. The presence of volcanic rocks covering river gravels in Lądek Zdrój, thermal and mineral springs as well as the occurrence of minor earthquakes in historical times point to tectonic activity also in the Pleistocene. Recent tectonic activity in the Upper Nysa Kłodzka Graben area is evidenced by geodetic measurements and microseismicity recorded over the adjacent East Sudetes area.