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1

Detection of fillers in the speech by people who stutter

Suszyński Waldemar, Charytanowicz Małgorzata, Rosa Wojciech, Koczan Leopold, Stęgierski Rafał

Applied Computer Science

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2021

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Vol. 17, no 4

45--54

EN

Stuttering is a speech impediment that is a very complex disorder. It is difficult to diagnose and treat, and is of unknown initiation, despite the large number of studies in this field. Stuttering can take many forms and varies from person to person, and it can change under the influence of external factors. Diagnosing and treating speech disorders such as stuttering requires from a speech therapist, not only good professional prepa-ration, but also experience gained through research and practice in the field. The use of acoustic methods in combination with elements of artificial intelligence makes it possible to objectively assess the disorder, as well as to control the effects of treatment. The main aim of the study was to present an algorithm for automatic recognition of fillers disfluency in the statements of people who stutter. This is done on the basis of their parameterized features in the amplitude-frequency space. The work provides as well, exemplary results demonstrating their possibility and effectiveness. In order to verify and optimize the procedures, the statements of seven stutterers with duration of 2 to 4 minutes were selected. Over 70% efficiency and predictability of automatic detection of these disfluencies was achieved. The use of an automatic method in conjunction with therapy for a stuttering person can give us the opportunity to objectively assess the disorder, as well as to evaluate the progress of therapy.

2

A new elliptical model of the vocal tract

Kobus A., Kuniszyk-Jóźkowiak W., Smołka E., Suszyński W., Codello I.

Journal of Medical Informatics & Technologies

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2011

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Vol. 17

131--139

EN

In this paper a new model of the vocal tract is proposed. It is based on elliptical cylinders. It uses the vocal tract model based on PARCOR coefficients and midsaggital measurements of the voice tube. PARCOR coefficients were obtained from linear prediction coefficients which had been obtained by Levinson-Durbin method. Midsaggital lengths, understood as the height of a real vocal tract, were taken from X-Ray pictures, and they were averaged from the vocal tracts of a few people, who uttered the same vowels. The paper bases on Polish vowels: a,e,o,u,i,y.

3

Computer-supported individualised therapy of non-fluent speech

Dzieńkowski M., Kuniszyk-Jóźkowiak W., Smołka E., Suszyński W.

Biocybernetics and Biomedical Engineering

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2006

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Vol. 26, no. 4

71-77

EN

The therapy of stuttering people is a time-consuming and long-Iasting process which requires a great effort both from the logopaedist and patient. The process can be divided into three parts: recording of patient's utterances (reading, telling, conversation), 20-minute corrective exercises with the echo (reading, tell ing) and individual work of the stuttering person with difficult words. All of these tasks may be performed with the use of a computer, controlled by a special program elaborated for that purpose. The computer system for the logopaedic diagnosis and therapy (DTL) allows for recording and saving utterances as sound files, practice with acoustical or visual echo and performance of automatically generated tasks adjusted to individual difficulties of particular speakers. Examples of analyses performed at various periods of therapy, i.e. at the beginning, during and after the therapy, supply information conceming e.g. the stuttering intensity and types of the occurring errors. The results presented in this work concern the control recordings performed at 1-1.5-month periods of time for twelve patients.

4

Visual feedback based on expired CO2 as a therapy method for respiratory disturbances in stuttering

Stankiewicz B., Adamczyk B., Zieliński K., Darowski M.

Archives of Acoustics

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2006

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Vol. 31, No. 4

439-444

EN

A new CO2-based visual feedback therapy method (VF) for respiratory disturbances in stuttering was preliminarily assessed. Sound and expired CO2 signals were registered in 12 stutterers and 12 fluent speakers while speaking without and with VF to control breathing as well as during rest respiration, before each utterance. In stutterers, the end-tidal CO2 (ETCO2), the area under CO2/a time curve (SCO2), and the average emission of CO2 (ECO2 = SCO2/tbreath_cycle) for the CO2 peaks connected with the phrases containing tonic errors (with reference to rest respiration) were higher than those connected with fluent phrases (p<0.000001). Thus, a tendency to hypoventilation caused by tonic errors was observed. The factors of breath ergonomics while speaking FE (based on both signals) of stutterers were lower than those in fluent speakers (p<0.001). Using VF by stutterers increased FE (p<0.005) and decreased stuttering intensity.

5

Pomiary koncentracji CO₂ w powietrzu wydychanym podczas mówienia płynnego i niepłynnego

Raczek B., Adamczyk B.

Elektronizacja : podzespoły i zastosowania elektroniki

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2003

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Vol. 23, nr 9

21-25

PL

Rozważano wpływ zaburzeń oddechowych towarzyszących jąkaniu na wymianę gazową. Za pomocą prostego modelu RC zilustrowano procesy emisji i kapnograficznej rejestracji koncentracji CO₂ w powietrzu wydychanym podczas: mówienia płynnego, niepłynnego oraz oddychania spoczynkowego. Przedstawiono również wyniki eksperymentalne dwóch testów, przeprowadzonych z udziałem osób jąkających się i mówiących płynnie.

EN

The influence of respiratory disturbances in stuttering on gas exchange is considered in this paper. Emission process and capnographic registration of CO₂ concentration measured during fluent speech, non-fluent speech and duringresting respiration were illustrated by easy RC model. Experimental results of two tests, carried out with participation of stuttering people and fluent speaking people were presented, too.

6

Emisja CO2 w procesie mówienia u osób jąkających się i mówiących płynnie

Raczek B., Adamczyk B.

Eksploatacja i Niezawodność

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2000

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nr 4(7)

29-37

PL

Prowadzone badania dotyczą zaburzeń płynności mowy w jąkaniu oraz zagadnienia mówienia płynnego nieergonomicznego i ergonomicznego. Celem badań jest opracowanie metody diagnostycznej jąkania opartej o analizę procesu oddychania w toku mówienia. Zaburzenia oddechowe pojawiające się w mowie osób jąkających się należą do zasadniczych objawów jąkania i mogą stanowić cenne źródło informacji o tym zaburzeniu mowy. Dobrym odzwierciedleniem zaburzeń w wentylacji pnie w toku mówienia oraz braku jej koordynacji z procesami fonacji i artykulacji mogą być zmiany koncentracji CO, w wydychanym powietrzu, rejestrowane w sposób dynamiczny w rzeczywistym czasie wypowiedzi.

EN

Research carried out concerning speech disturbances in stuttering and the problem of fluent and non-ergonomic or ergonomie speaking. The aim of the research is elaborating a method of diagnosis of stuttering based on the analysis of respiration process during speaking. The respiratory disturbances appearing in speech of stutterers belong to fundamental symptoms of stuttering and they can be valuable source of information about this disorder. A good reflection of lung ventilation disturbances during speaking and a łąck of co-ordination of the ventilation with phonation and articulation processes can be changes in concentration of CO2 in the air exhaled while speaking, dynamic registered in a real time of an utterance.

7

Speech ergonomics assessment in stutterers based on exhaled CO(2) concentration. Preliminary study

Raczek B.

Biocybernetics and Biomedical Engineering

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2000

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Vol. 20, no. 4

67-76

EN

In the present work a way of speech ergonomics assessment is suggested, which may be helpful in stuttering diagnosis and therapy. It is based on a dynamic measurement of CO(2) content in the air exhaled during speaking with a simultaneous acoustic record of speech. The assessment criterion requires C0(2) peak identification in a capnographic record: 1) the ones associated with phonation, 2) the ones (with or without phonation) whose values lie within the range of resting respiration. A new parameter has been introduced: the speech ergonomics degree, determining the presence of the peaks 1 and 2 in the total number of CO(2) peaks. The obtained results show that disturbed speech is characterised with a lower value of the parameter than the one in fluent speech. Fluency improvement in stutterers is connected wit h an increase in ergonomics.

PL

W niniejszej pracy zaproponowano sposób oceny ergonomii, który może być przydatny w diagnozowaniu jąkania oraz przeprowadzaniu terapii tego zaburzenia. Jest on oparty na dynamicznym pomiarze zawartości CO(2) w powietrzu wydychanym podczas mówienia i równoczesnym zapisie akustycznym wypowiedzi. Kryterium oceny wymaga identyfikacji pików CO(2) zapisu kapnograficznego: 1) związanych z fonacją, 2) pików (z fonacją lub bez), o wysokościach mieszczących się w przedziale oddychania spoczynkowego. Wprowadzono nowy parametr: stopień ergonomii mówienia, który określa udział pików 1 i 2 w ogólnej liczbie pików CO(2). Otrzymane wyniki wskazują, że mowa zaburzona charakteryzuje się niższą wartością tego parametru niż mowa płynna. Natomiast wzrost płynności mowy osób jąkających się wiąże się ze wzrostem stopnia ergonomii.