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Polityczno-prawne strategie i dyrektywy przeciwdziałania cyberzagrożeniom

Pieczywok Andrzej

Cybersecurity and Law

|

2023

|

Vol. 10 (2)

156--166

PL

Treść artykułu wskazuje na istotny obszar bezpieczeństwa człowieka, dotyczy bowiem cyberprzestrzeni. Cyberprzestrzeń to środowisko wymiany informacji za pomocą sieci i systemów komputerowych. Obszar ten jest narażony na wiele różnych zagrożeń, takich, jak: cyberkryzysy i cyberkonflikty, cyberprzemoc, cyberprotesty czy cyberdemonstracje, w tym także groźba wywołania cyberwojny. Dlatego też jedną z form przeciwdziałania cyberzagrożeniom są polityczno-prawne strategie i dyrektywy zarówno unijne, jak i polskie. Artykuł składa się z czterech części: wstępu, charakterystyki najważniejszych zagrożeń w cyberprzestrzeni, unijnych i krajowych możliwości prawnych w zakresie przeciwdziałania zagrożeniom oraz zakończenia.

EN

The article indicates an important area of human security relating to cyberspace. Cyberspace is a domain where information is exchanged via computer networks and systems. This area is exposed to a variety of threats, such as cyber crises and cyber conflicts, cyber violence, cyber protests and cyber demonstrations, including the threat of cyber warfare. Therefore, political and legal strategies and directives, both EU and Polish, are a form of countering cyber threats. The article is composed of four sections: an introductory section, characteristics of the most important threats in cyberspace, EU and national legal options for countering the threats, and a concluding section.

2

Internationalization strategies and instruments of competition - Polish furniture companies on the foreign market

Grzegorzewska Emilia, Stasiak-Betlejewska Renata

Annals of Warsaw University of Life Sciences - SGGW. Forestry and Wood Technology

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2022

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No. 119

78--83

EN

Internationalization strategies and instruments of competition - Polish furniture companies on the foreign market. Despite the global economic situation related to the COVID-19 pandemic, the Polish furniture industry is still a dynamically developing branch of the national economy of Poland. One of the most important paths in the development of this industry is still internationalization. The aim of the article was to define the internationalization strategies of Polish furniture enterprises, as well as to indicate the instruments of competition used by these companies on the foreign market. Empirical research was carried out in a group of 100 medium and large furniture enterprises conducting export activity. The research identified the most frequently used internationalization strategies by furniture companies, identified the most effective strategies, and identified competition instruments of the greatest importance for Polish furniture manufacturers. The research showed that ethnocentric strategy is most often used in the furniture industry. This strategy is the most effective. Regardless of the size of the enterprise, the quality of products was recognized by the respondents as the most important instrument of competition on the external market.

PL

Strategie internacjonalizacji i instrumenty konkurencji polskich przedsiębiorstw meblarskich na rynku zagranicznym. Pomimo ogolnoświatowej sytuacji gospodarczej związanej z pandemią COVID-19 polski przemysł meblarski jest wciąż dynamicznie rozwijającą się gałęzią gospodarski narodowej Polski. Jedną z ważniejszych ścieżek rozwoju tej branży nadal pozostaje internacjonalizacja. Celem artykułu było określenie strategii internacjonalizacji polskich przedsiębiorstw meblarskich, a także wskazanie instrumentow konkurencji stosowanych przez te firmy na rynku zagranicznym. Badania empiryczne przeprowadzono w grupie 100 średnich i dużych przedsiębiorstw meblarskich prowadzących działalność eksportową. W ramach badań zidentyfikowano strategie umiędzynarodowienia najczęściej stosowane przez firmy meblarskie, wskazano strategie o największej skuteczności, a także określono instrumenty konkurencji o największym znaczeniu dla polskich producentow mebli. Z badań wynika, że strategia etnocentryczna jest najczęściej stosowana w branży meblarskiej. Ta strategia jest uważana za najbardziej efektywną. Niezależnie od wielkości przedsiębiorstwa, jakość produktow została uznana przez respondentow za najważniejszy instrument konkurowania na rynku zewnętrznym.

3

Position of central European regional airports

Remencová Tatiana, Novák Sedláčková Alena

Transport Problems

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2021

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T. 16, z. 3

163--172

EN

This article focuses on the position of regional airports in the countries of Central Europe, with a focus on the airports of the Visegrád Group, especially the airports in Slovakia and the Czech Republic. The authors explain the financing of the airports and provision of state aid to these entities according to European legislation. This article reports differences in the national implementation processes of the same Europeans rules in the V4 Member State and compares the regime of financing of the regional airports. Subsequently, we analyse the economic situation of regional airports and their state based on financial indicators. In general, the current COVID-19 pandemic has exacerbated their situation. Many countries still adhere to strict regulations or international travel bans so as not to spread the virus. The sharp decline in the number of passengers and flights has begun to have an impact on the financial viability of regional airports; therefore, financial assistance for regional airports will be more than necessary in the coming years.

4

Prospects of oil production in the Russian Arctic: technological aspect

Ilinova Alina, Solovyova Victoria

Zeszyty Naukowe. Organizacja i Zarządzanie / Politechnika Śląska

|

2020

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z. 145

173--181

EN

Purpose: The purpose of the article is determining the prospects of oil production in the Arctic from technological point of view. Design/methodology/approach: The study uses qualitative analysis in order to gain insights into the realistic prospects and the key aspects of the development of the Arctic shelf. The methods of strategic analysis were adopted to determine the main strategic directions of technological development of offshore projects. Reliability and validity of the obtained results are established due to the usage of modern legal and regulatory framework and data of the “Gazprom” and “RosNeft” oil companies. Findings: The study offers an approach to investigation of problem of Arctic oil and gas projects’ technological support. This paper provides the strategies of technological aspect’s future development and analyses opportunities of their implementation in current circumstances. Research limitations/implications: The relevance of this research is connected with increasing interest in the extraction of mineral resources in Russian Arctic. Practical implications: The findings of this study have a number of important implications for future practice within determination of the realistic prospects for development of Russian Arctic shelf. Originality/value: The problem of the development of offshore oil and gas Arctic projects has risen recently on a world scale due to the depletion of traditional overland oil and gas fields. This study has provided a deeper insight into strategic directions of providing the Russian offshore projects with required technologies. The possible ways were divided into three strategies: import-oriented strategy, cooperation strategy and intra-oriented substitution strategy.

5

The effectiveness of working capital management strategies in manufacturing enterprises

Kaczmarek Jarosław

Zeszyty Naukowe. Organizacja i Zarządzanie / Politechnika Śląska

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2019

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z. 136

191--208

EN

The paper presents the results of a study aimed at identifying and assessing the efficiency of working capital management strategies in enterprises. The analysis focuses on the volumes of net working capital and its cycle (dependent variable), as well as the conversion cycles of its main components (independent variables). The study comprises the entire population of manufacturing enterprises in Poland covered by public statistics (nearly 14 thousand entities), divided into size categories (small, medium and large). The long-term analysis covers the period of 2007-2018. The study makes use of the measures that characterise working capital management strategies and their effects including net working capital volumes and working capital cycles. The study also employs measures related to correlations, similarity, density, positioning and classifying, as well as descriptive statistics. The effect of the study is the verification of three research hypotheses related to the characteristics, correlations, profile similarities and identification of working capital strategies in manufacturing enterprises.

6

Resource-wise determinants of formulating an organization's strategy

Gierszewska Grażyna

Organizacja i Zarządzanie : kwartalnik naukowy

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2019

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nr 2

47--61

EN

The aim of this article is to show that the models of management created by authorities are a live issue. This particular case pertains to the principles of Professor Karol Adamiecki, which refer to a resourceful approach to strategic management. The starting point for the analysis involves challenges of strategic management. These arise, in particular, from a reassessment of strategic and competence-related potential resources in the organization. In this paper material and immaterial resources, core competencies, and capabilities of the organization in the context of classical models of strategy are discussed.

7

Logistic Aspects of Barriers to Market Entry and Exit

Jezierski Andrzej

Logistics and Transport

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2019

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Vol. 43, No. 3

15--19

EN

If one associates the scope of logistics with widely understood logistic competition, looking at logistics through the prism of enterprises competition factor and hence the factor which influences the market, one may also easily find the essential role of logistics in methodological approach concerning the shaping of the market and referring to the assumptions of new industrial economics – the approach that stresses the so called dynamics in market structures and is connected with market entries and exits (the mobility of market players) as well as with power and domination in the market, problems of appearing and disappearing of the businesses (businesses demography) other than competition between the forms of market coordination. This paper focuses on one of the most fundamental areas of new industrial economics, such as market entries and exits and barriers to them, which may be of logistic type. That is why the purpose of this article is to identify and characterise logistic barriers to market entries and exists. The paper is based on critical analysis, system analysis and hermeneutic methods.

8

Wpływ kultury organizacyjnej na podejmowanie decyzji strategicznych na przykładzie firm z branży logistycznej, farmaceutycznej i turystycznej

Dubas-Matela A.

Zeszyty Naukowe. Organizacja i Zarządzanie / Politechnika Śląska

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2018

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z. 130

117--131

PL

Niniejszy referat ma na celu przedstawienie kultury organizacyjnej w wybranych firmach z branży logistycznej, farmaceutycznej i turystycznej w świetle procesu podejmowania decyzji strategicznych. Referat przedstawia podobieństwa i różnice w podejmowaniu decyzji w firmach z różnych branż oraz posiadających odmienne struktury właścicielskie. Referat bazuje na praktyce zawodowej zdobytej przez autorkę na stanowiskach wchodzących w skład zespołów zarządzających w opisywanych firmach.

EN

The article aims to present the organizational culture in selected companies from the logistics, pharmaceutical and tourism industries in the light of the strategic decision-making process. The article presents similarities and differences in decision making in companies from various industries and having different ownership structures. The article is based on the professional experience acquired by the author at the management positions in the described companies.

9

Barriers in strategic projects of Polish companies

Cyfert S., Markowski P., Mielcarek P.

Management and Production Engineering Review

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2018

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Vol. 9, No. 2

88--95

EN

Strategy determines long-term objectives of enterprise, which correspond to the main directions of operation and presents the allocation of resources to meet those objectives. Strategy is being implemented through the regular operation and strategic projects created for increasing the operational effectiveness, competitiveness and business efficiency. Conditions of implementing those strategic activities, as a key actions for a long term company success, should be taken into the detailed investigation. Considering the above, the paper’s goal was to analyze the impact of potential barriers of strategic projects implementation that constitute the strategic management processes in Polish companies. The survey was completed in 2016. The CATI method was used to obtain the information. The survey covered 168 small, medium and large enterprises representing services, industry and construction, agriculture, fisheries and forestry. Following results are addressed both to professionals and scientists in field of strategic management and project management.

10

Logistics in Shaping the Comptetitve Edge of Enterprises

Mindur M., Jezierski A.

Logistics and Transport

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2018

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Vol. 40, No. 4

67--72

EN

Logistics is today one of the decisive advantages in competition on the markets. Companies and entire supply chains compete more and more often. Logistics, which has ceased to be treated as a set of methods useful for solving operational problems, has gained strategic importance. This study presents the logistics area as a factor in the competitiveness of enterprises against the background of two main trends of competition research, i.e. a trend dealing with two key issues for the economy, namely the general characteristics of the market, i.e. its structure, development, functioning, the situation prevailing on it and the strategic behaviour of enterprises, and the second trend, included in theories referring to the role of the state in a market economy.

11

Linear Programming for Aggregate Production Planning in a Textile Company

Campo E. A., Cano J. A., Gómez-Montoya R. A.

Fibres & Textiles in Eastern Europe

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2018

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Vol. 26, no. 5 (131)

13--19

EN

This article aims to propose and implement an aggregated production planning model to provide optimal strategies in the medium term for a textile company, for which a linear programming model is proposed to minimise total costs associated with labour and inventory levels. The model proposed takes into account characteristics associated with fabric contraction, wastes in the process, the efficiency of new employees, and training requirements. The model is implemented and solved in GAMS, supported on an MSExcel interface, to find the optimal solution, which is to apply a hybrid strategy to the production plan, and also some strategies for improving the production process are generated.

PL

Celem pracy było zaproponowanie i wdrożenie zagregowanego modelu planowania produkcji w celu zapewnienia optymalnych strategii w perspektywie średnioterminowej dla firmy tekstylnej, dla której zaproponowano model programowania liniowego, tak aby zminimalizować całkowite koszty związane z poziomem pracy i poziomem rezerw. Zaproponowany model uwzględnia cechy związane ze skurczem tkaniny, odpadami procesowymi, wydajnością nowych pracowników i wymaganiami szkoleniowymi. W celu znalezienia optymalnego rozwiązania, które polegało na zastosowaniu strategii hybrydowej do planu produkcji, a także generowało pewne strategie usprawniania procesu produkcyjnego wdrożono model GAMS, obsługiwany w interfejsie MSExcel.

12

Narzędzia klasy ERP w strategii zarządzania systemem produkcyjnym

Dudziak A., Stoma M., Rydzak L.

Zeszyty Naukowe. Organizacja i Zarządzanie / Politechnika Śląska

|

2017

|

z. 113

53--65

PL

Współczesne przedsiębiorstwa coraz częściej wykorzystują różnorodne systemy oraz technologie informatyczne, aby sprawniej realizować cele firmy i optymalizować prowadzoną działalność gospodarczą. Szczególną uwagę w artykule zwrócono na wykorzystanie narzędzi klasy ERP, do skutecznego wspomagania zarządzania systemem produkcyjnym. Jest to narzędzie integrujące wszystkie procesy zachodzące w organizacji, poprzez stworzenie jednej bazy danych, na podstawie której odbywa się efektywne planowanie zarządzania całością zasobów przedsiębiorstwa, w zakresie m. in. takich obszarów jak magazynowanie, zarządzanie zapasami, śledzenie realizowanych dostaw, planowanie produkcji, zaopatrzenie, sprzedaż, zarządzanie relacjami z klientami, księgowość, finanse, zarządzanie zasobami ludzkimi (płace, kadry). Celem artykułu było zebranie i dokonanie klasyfikacji różnych strategii działań w zakresie wdrożeń systemów klasy ERP jako elementów wspomagających systemy produkcyjne w dalszym rozwoju.

EN

Today's companies increasingly use a variety of systems and information technologies to make a better use of the firm capabilities and to optimize the business. The paper pays a special attention to the use of ERP tools as an effective support to the management of the production system. ERP is a tool that integrates all the processes in the organization by creating one general database. Basing on the database the efficient planning of the entire management of the company takes place. There are several firm resources which are being considered such as storage, inventory management, deliveries tracking, production planning, provision, sales, finance and accounting, customer relationship and human resources management. The article also presents various strategies for ERP implementation.

13

Nuclear weapons in the strategies of the United States and NATO. Strategy of massive retaliation and flexible response

Zielonka Z.

Zeszyty Naukowe / Wyższa Szkoła Oficerska Wojsk Lądowych im. gen. T. Kościuszki

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2016

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Nr 3

71--99

EN

The introduction of the hydrogen bomb to the nuclear arsenal turned out to be a breakthrough in the creation of the strategic deterrence system. It determined the evolution of the nuclear strategy on both sides of the “Iron Curtain”. The appearance of high-power light thermonuclear bombs became an impulse for the creation of ballistic missiles. Globally, this type of weapon significantly speeded up reaching a nuclear stalemate and contributed to taking up efforts to seek measures of a limited nuclear war and a “flexible response” as an alternative to massive retaliation.

14

Wspomaganie podejmowania decyzji w dynamicznych sieciach wytwarzania

Olender M.

Zarządzanie Przedsiębiorstwem

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2016

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Vol. 19, nr 2

8--13

EN

Dynamics on the market makes, that search for more effective solutions in planning the production flow. Opportunities, which open the market for companies, as new basis of cooperation, have to go hand in hand with the flexibility and ability to adapt to the requirements of the environment. The problem of scheduling production flow is more complicated, because the virtual manufacturing network create a single organizations, geographically dispersed, functioning temporarily, as a one body, to realize the effect an order. In the whole production planning and choosing the route from alternative routes should be considered still a problem of transport between the participants in the virtual network. To planning the flow production and choice of route used formalisms derived from game theory. The article presents the record of the decision problem for the production model in which the role players perform the goal functions. This functions have specific strategies and endeavour to win. The choice of strategy depends on which player starts the first game. Further work will be associated with the analysis of the impact of different combinations of strategies on the results of the game, with certain restrictions, as well as attempts to implement formalism to choose strategies in mixed strategies.

15

Strategie marketingu terytorialnego w kontekście budowania wizerunku miejsca

Kasprowicz A., Napieraj K., Pasela R., Ramczyk M. A.

Logistyka

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2015

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nr 4

3961--3966, CD2

PL

Marketing terytorialny odgrywa coraz ważniejszą rolę w zarządzaniu regionami. Główną przesłanką wyboru i formułowania konkretnej strategii marketingowej są szczegółowe analizy regionu w konkretnym otoczeniu gospodarczym, społecznym i lokalizacyjnym. Analiza ta zmierza do określenia zagrożeń i szans związanymi ze zmianami dokonującymi się w otoczeniu regionu oraz do oceny posiadanych zasobów z punktu widzenia pozycji zajmowanej przez region na rynku turystycznym oraz jego zdolności konkurencyjnej. Rolą naukowców jest systematyzowanie informacji dotyczących zjawisk gospodarczych oraz popularyzowanie dobrych praktyk gospodarczych. Informacje zawarte w artykule stanowią przegląd literatury oraz wnioski z praktyki gospodarczej autorów. Stanowią również podstawę dalszych badań w tym zakresie.

EN

Territorial Marketing plays an increasingly important role in the management of the regions. The basic premise of the selection and formulation of marketing strategies are the results of a comprehensive analysis of the region in the specific economic, social and localization. This analysis aims to identify risks and opportunities associated with changes in the environment entrusted with the region and for the assessment of the resources from the point of view of the position occupied by the region on the tourism market and its ability to compete. The role of scientists is the systematization of information on economic developments and sharing best business practices. The information contained in the article provides an overview of the literature and the findings of the economic practices of the authors. They are also the basis for further research in the said area.

16

A repeated imitation model with dependence between stages: Decision strategies and rewards

Villacorta P. J., Pelta D. A.

International Journal of Applied Mathematics and Computer Science

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2015

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Vol. 25, no. 3

617--630

EN

Adversarial decision making is aimed at determining strategies to anticipate the behavior of an opponent trying to learn from our actions. One defense is to make decisions intended to confuse the opponent, although our rewards can be diminished. This idea has already been captured in an adversarial model introduced in a previous work, in which two agents separately issue responses to an unknown sequence of external inputs. Each agent’s reward depends on the current input and the responses of both agents. In this contribution, (a) we extend the original model by establishing stochastic dependence between an agent’s responses and the next input of the sequence, and (b) we study the design of time varying decision strategies for the extended model. The strategies obtained are compared against static strategies from theoretical and empirical points of view. The results show that time varying strategies outperform static ones.

17

Categories of Coalgebraic Games with Selective Sum

Honsell F., Lenisa M., Pellarini D.

Fundamenta Informaticae

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2014

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Vol. 134, nr 3/4

395--414

EN

Joyal’s categorical construction on (well-founded) Conway games and winning strategies provides a compact closed category, where tensor and linear implication are defined via Conway disjunctive sum (in combination with negation for linear implication). The equivalence induced on games by the morphisms coincides with the contextual closure of the equideterminacy relation w.r.t. the disjunctive sum. Recently, the above categorical construction has been generalized to non-wellfounded games. Here we investigate Joyal’s construction for a different notion of sum, i.e. selective sum. While disjunctive sum reflects the interleaving semantics, selective sum accommodates a form of parallelism, by allowing the current player to move in different parts of the board simultaneously. We show that Joyal’s categorical construction can be successfully extended to selective sum, when we consider alternating games, i.e. games where each position is marked as Left player (L) or Right player (R), that is only L or R can move from that position, R starts, and L/R positions strictly alternate. Alternating games typically arise in the context of Game Semantics. This category of well-founded games with selective sum is symmetric monoidal closed, and it induces exactly the equideterminacy relation. Generalizations to non-wellfounded games give linear categories, i.e. models of Linear Logic. Our game models, providing a certain level of parallelism, may be situated halfway between traditional sequential alternating gamemodels and the concurrent game models by Abramsky and Mellies. We work in a context of coalgebraic games, whereby games are viewed as elements of a final coalgebra, and game operations are defined as final morphisms.

18

Method of choosing vectors for investment strategies implementation

Baydala N., Kniaz S., Pauk O.

ECONTECHMOD : An International Quarterly Journal on Economics of Technology and Modelling Processes

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2013

|

Vol. 2, No 4

3-9

EN

Statement of the problem. In market conditions, the investment activity of enterprises requires diversification of objects and methods of investment. This helps to minimize investment risks, stabilize cash flows in space and time, as well as to increase the guarantee of successful implementation of investment to the entities, which take indirect participation in investment processes. The problem consists in the absence of scientifically grounded methodological regulations regarding the selection of methods of the investment strategies implementation. Consequently, most of the investment decisions are based on an intuitive approach which reduces the possibility of opportuneness and completion in the implementation of purposes established by investors’.

19

Wybrane strategie przedsiębiorstw w dobie społeczeństwa informacyjnego na przykładzie strategii przywództwa kosztowego oraz zarządzania wyszczuplającego

Matulewski M.

Logistyka

|

2011

|

nr 2

PL

Celem pracy jest przedstawienie wybranych strategii logistycznych, które z powodzeniem daje się wdrożyć w dobie społeczeństwa informacyjnego. W artykule dokonano przeglądu wybranej literatury dotyczącej strategii przedsiębiorstw stosowanych w XX i XXI wieku. W wyniku analizy literatury autor przedstawił dwie wybrane strategie: przywództwa kosztowego oraz zarządzania wyszczuplającego. W wyniku przeprowadzonych badań literaturowych autor doszedł do wniosku, że pomimo iż obydwie strategie należą do zupełnie odmiennych grup (pierwsza - strategia przywództwa kosztowego - szuka możliwości uzyskania dodatkowej przewagi konkurencyjnej w efektywnym wykorzystaniu efektu skali i uzyskaniu przez przedsiębiorstwo odpowiednich z tego tytułu korzyści ekonomicznych, druga - zarządzanie wyszczuplające - stanowi strategię zmierzającą do eliminacji wszelkich przejawów "jałowego" działania lub marnotrawstwa w trakcie realizacji szeroko rozumianych procesów, operacji, czynności czy też najprostszych zabiegów łączy je informacja). Informacja, która odpowiednio uaktualniona i posiadająca pewne atrybuty może umożliwić zdobywanie coraz szerszych pokładów wiedzy - przez co w dobie społeczeństwa informacyjnego i powszechnej ery informacyjnej umożliwić efektywne osiąganie zakładanych celów. Oczywiście należy zdawać sobie sprawę, że dociekania autora (natury czysto teoretycznej) należy kontynuować i zweryfikować badaniami praktycznymi.

EN

The aim of the paper is to present selected logistic strategies, which can be successfully implemented in the age of information society. The analysis is carried out on the basis of the review of pertinent literature on business strategies applied in the 20th and 21st centuries. As a result of the analysis, two strategies have been selected: (i) the cost leadership strategy and (ii) the strategy of lean management. The author draws conclusions that despite the fact that both strategies belong to two diverse groups (the first one, cost leadership strategy, is oriented on the search of gaining (i) an additional competitive advantage by effective implementation of the effect of scales and (ii) economic advantages resulting from it; whereas the second one, lean management, constitutes a strategy which aims at eliminating any symptoms of 'idle' actions or prodigality in the course of broadly understood processes, operations, activities or the most simple procedures), they have one feature in common, that is to say information. Appropriately updated and possessing specific attributes, information may enable to gain more and more knowledge - which in the age of information society and ubiquitous information era may facilitate effective achievement of desired goals. It should be borne in mind, however, that the author's investigation into the issues in question (which are strictly theoretical) should be continued and verified in practice

20

Strategie przedsiębiorstw transportowych w sieciach logistycznych

Karmarz M.

Logistyka

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2010

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nr 4

CD-CD

PL

W artykule podjęto dyskusję nad modelami strategicznymi przedsiębiorstw transportowych. Czynniki determinujące strategie ujęto w analizie strategicznej. Przeanalizowano także typy i motywy relacji sieciowych budowanych przez przedsiębiorstwa logistyczne, które zwiększają elastyczność przedsiębiorstw transportowych w reakcji na niepewność.

EN

In the article I joined in the discussion about strategies of transport enterprises. In the strategic analysis I captured determinants strategy. I analyzed also types and motives for network relations built by logistic enterprises. Network relations are increasing the elasticity of transport enterprises in the reaction to the uncertainty.