Wyniki wyszukiwania - BazTech

1

Development and verification of a high-precision laser measurement system for straightness and parallelism measurement

Xu Peng, Li Rui Jun, Zhao Wen Kai, Chang Zhen Xin, Ma Shao Hua, Fan Kuang Chao

Metrology and Measurement Systems

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2021

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Vol. 28, nr 3

479--495

EN

A laser measurement system for measuring straightness and parallelism error using a semiconductor laser was proposed. The designing principle of the developed system was analyzed. Addressing at the question of the divergence angle of the semiconductor laser being quite large and the reduction of measurement accuracy caused by the diffraction effect of the light spot at the long working distance, the optical structure of the system was optimized through a series of simulations and experiments. A plano-convex lens was used to collimate the laser beam and concentrate the energy distribution of the diffraction effect. The working distance of the system was increased from 2.6 m to 4.6 m after the optical optimization, and the repeatability of the displacement measurement is kept within 2.2 m in the total measurement range. The performance of the developed system was verified by measuring the straightness of a machine tool through the comparison tests with two commercial multi-degree-of-freedom measurement systems. Two different measurement methods were used to verify the measurement accuracy. The comparison results show that during the straightness measurement of the machine tool, the laser head should be fixed in front of the moving axis, and the sensing part should move with the moving table of the machine tool. Results also show that the measurement error of the straightness measurement is less than 3 m compared with the commercial systems. The developed laser measurement system has the advantages of high precision, long working distance, low cost, and suitability for straightness and parallelism error measurement.

2

Effect of Steel Cord Tension During the Lapping on Steel Cord Straightness After Lapping

Knapiński Marcin, Bobarikin Yuri L., Martyanov Yuri. V.

New Trends in Production Engineering

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2019

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Vol. 2, Iss. 2

36-45

EN

One of the variable parameters in steel cord twisting technologies is the steel cord tension before final reel. Changing this parameter is used to produce steel cord with high quality of straightness. Steel cord straightness is the most important technological parameter after tensile strength. It is simple to change the value of steel cord tension with special mechanisms or devices in composition of cable machines and twisting machines. It is very important to know the measures of tension setting. Low tension causes bad quality of steel cord and defects. High tension may brake steel cord during the twisting and lapping. Also high tension may change the mechanical properties of steel wire in the steel cord construction. The influence of steel cord tension in the range from 9 N to 30 N on active equivalent stresses in wire cross section and macro displacements of wire contact points in steel cord construction was shown. Effect of steel cord tension during the lapping on steel cord straightness after lapping was shown. In this research the optimal tension for producing steel cord 2x0.30HT was defined with numerical simulation, finite element analysis and criteria method. The optimal value of tension for other steel cord constructions will change, because of number of wires and its hardness.

3

Assessment of the Straightness Condition of the Overhead Crane Trestle in a Steel Structure

Kubicki R., Mrówczyńska M.

Quarterly of Environmental Engineering and Design

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2018

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Vol. 171 (51)

64--72

EN

The article presents a geodetic method of assessing the straightness condition of an overhead crane trestle made in a steel structure. In particular, control measurements of overhead cranes and a course of action aimed at determining deviations of beam axles from design assumptions, as well as deviations from the planned range of the axles of the overhead crane rails have been discussed. The measurements were made using classic geodetic methods, and two methods - graphical and analytical - were used to develop the results. The graphic interpretation of the obtained results is also presented.

4

An analysis of influence of sampling strategy and scanning speed on estimation of straightness and flatness deviations with CMMs

Stępień K.

Advanced Technologies in Mechanics

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2015

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Vol. 2, no. 2 (3)

2--8

EN

The paper deals with the problem of influence of scanning speed and measuring strategy on results of flatness and straightness deviations with CMMs. The straightness was studied for various numbers of sampling points and for various scanning speeds. The flatness was investigated for various measurement paths and for various levels of scanning speeds. The results of the study indicate that applied measurement speed and selected measurement path can change obtained results very significantly.

5

Influence of the machining parameters on the geometry of surfaces formed by face-milling with a milling head

Miko E., Nowakowski Ł.

Pomiary Automatyka Kontrola

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2008

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R. 54, nr 5

266-266

EN

The process of surface generation is complex and depends on numerous factors. The geometry of a surface is described by the sum of all irregularities of the actual surface, i.e. deviations in form, waviness and roughness. This study focuses on determining the influence of selected cutting parameters on the surface geometry of three materials. The laboratory face milling tests were conducted using a milling head with round-nose tools.

PL

Proces powstawania struktury geometrycznej powierzchni (SPG) jest bardzo złożony i wpływa na niego wiele czynników. Strukturę geometryczną powierzchni opisuje zbiór wszystkich nierówności powierzchni rzeczywistej tj., odchyłki kształtu, falistości, chropowatości. Podjęto próbę określenia wpływu wybranych parametrów skrawania na strukturę geometryczną powierzchni dla różnych materiałów obrabianych. Przeprowadzono badania laboratoryjne frezowania czołowego głowicą frezową z ostrzami o zaokrąglonym narożu.

6

Kombinowana metoda pomiarów okrągłości i prostoliniowości do oceny zarysów walcowości części maszyn

Adamczak S., Janecki D., Świderski J.

Przegląd Mechaniczny

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2007

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nr 9 supl.

107-110

PL

W ocenie walcowości części maszyn stosuje się obecnie głównie metody pomiarów zarysów okrągłości dokonywanych w n-przekrojach poprzecznych do osi mierzonego przedmiotu. Opracowane oprogramowanie komputerowe umożliwia również ocenę dokładności wykonania powierzchni walcowych poprzez pomiary zarysów prostoliniowości, które przeprowadza się w n-przekrojach wzdłużnych do osi mierzonego przedmiotu. Natomiast pozostałe zalecane metody pomiaru względem linii śrubowej lub pomiary odniesieniowe nie znalazły szerszego zastosowania. Wszystkie dotychczas stosowane metody pomiaru nie zawsze podawały pełną informację jakościową i ilościową o całej badanej powierzchni, zwłaszcza gdy pojawiają się znaczne lokalne nierówności, które niekiedy były trudne do wykrycia. Z tego względu poszukiwana jest metoda, która wyeliminuje powyższe wady. Metodą, która może być wykorzystana do tego typu ocen, jest kombinowany sposób, umożliwiający dla ustawionego na stole pomiarowym przedmiotu pomiar zarysów okrągłości w kilku przekrojach, dokonywany w płaszczyznach prostopadłych do osi sprawdzanego obiektu, a następnie pomiar zarysów prostoliniowości w kilku przekrojach, dokonywany w płaszczyźnie przechodzącej przez oś kontrolowanego obiektu. Dotychczas do oceny walcowości stosowano głównie przyrządy, które umożliwiają kontrolowany przesuw czujnika pomiarowego wzdłuż osi sprawdzanego przedmiotu. Natomiast pomiar prostoliniowości tworzących powierzchnię walcową był stosowany sporadycznie. W związku z tym opracowano układ pomiarowy, który umożliwiałby pomiar wyżej opisaną metodą kombinowaną. Dla tej metody rozbudowano model matematyczny, który stał się podstawą opracowania procedur pomiarowych umożliwiających zbudowanie programu komputerowego.

EN

Recently, evaluation of out-of-cylindricity of machine parts is carried out mainly through measurements of roundness profiles in n-cross sections perpendicular to the workpiece axis. Metrological software allows also evaluation of accuracy of cylindrical elements through measurements of straightness profiles that are performed in n-longitudinal sections that are parallel to the workpiece axis. However, another recommended measurement methods: a spiral trace method or reference methods are not commonly applied. In hitherto practice all applied measurement methods do not always allow complete qualitative and quantitative information on investigated surface, particularly if there are significant local irregularities that are sometimes hard to detect. Therefore methods that could eliminate above mentioned disadvantages are sought. The method that can be used to such evaluation is combined method allowing at first measurement in subsequent cross-sections and then measurement in subsequent longitudinal sections of the investigated workpiece. In hitherto practice mainly instruments allowing controlled displacement along the axis of the workpiece were applied for cylindricity measurements. However, measurements of out-of straightness of generatrices of cylindrical surfaces were applied rather rarely. Therefore a special-purpose measuring system was developed that allows performing cylindricity measurements by above mentioned combined method. For the method a mathematical model has been developed. The model has become the basis for the measurement procedures allowing development of the software controlling the measuring system.