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Effects of Global Climate Oscillations on Intermonthly to Interannual Variability of Sea levels along the English Channel Coasts (NW France)

Turki Imen, Massei Nicolas, Laignel Benoit, Shafiei Hassan

Oceanologia

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2020

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No. 62 (2)

226--242

EN

This work examines the multiscale variability in sea level along the English Channel coasts (NW France) using a wavelet multiresolution decomposition of water level values and climate oscillations in order to gain insights in the connection between the global atmospheric circulation and the local-scale variability of the monthly extreme surges. Changes in surges have exhibited different oscillatory components from the intermonthly (~3-6-months) to the interannual scales (~1.5-years, ~2-4-years, ~5-8-years) with mean explained variances of ~40% and ~25% of the total variability respectively. The correlation between the multiresolution components of surges and 28 exceptional stormy events with different intensities has revealed that energetic events are manifested at all timescales while moderate events are limited to short scales. By considering the two hypotheses of (1) the physical mechanisms of the atmospheric circulation change according to the timescales and (2) their connection with the local variability improves the prediction of the extremes, the multiscale components of the monthly extreme surges have been investigated using four different climate oscillations (Sea Surface Temperature (SST), Sea-Level Pressure (SLP), Zonal Wind (ZW), and North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO)); results show statistically significant correlations with ~3-6-months, ~1.5-years, ~2-4-years, and ~5-8-years, respectively. Such physical links, from global to local scales, have been considered to model the multiscale monthly extreme surges using a time-dependent Generalized Extreme Value (GEV) distribution. The incorporation of the climate information in the GEV parameters has considerably improved the fitting of the different timescales of surges with an explained variance higher than 30%. This improvement exhibits their nonlinear relationship with the large-scale atmospheric circulation.

2

Systemowe zarządzanie bezpieczeństwem ruchu drogowego w aspekcie zjawisk geofizycznych

Kapuściński J., Jaszczur W.

Logistyka

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2015

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nr 4

405--416, CD1

PL

W opracowaniach stanu bezpieczeństwa ruchu drogowego w Polsce nadmierna szybkość jest podawana jako główna przyczyna wypadków, szczególnie tych tragicznych w skutkach. Zgodnie z wytycznymi zawartymi w przepisach Policji (system ewidencji wypadków i kolizji) podaje się tylko jedną przyczynę wypadku komunikacyjnego. Organy procesowe często przypisując odpowiedzialność sprawstwa za spowodowanie wypadku, nie uwzględniają istotnej (co najmniej przyczyniającej się) roli skrajnie niekorzystnych zjawisk geofizycznych. Koncentrując się na wyżej wymienionych aspektach problemu, autorzy artykułu zwracają uwagę na warunki pogodowe towarzyszące wybranym tragicznym zdarzeniom komunikacyjnym w Polsce w 2014. Przedstawiają możliwości przekazywania informacji o zagrożeniu pogodowym bezpośrednio do uczestników ruchu drogowego. W tym celu proponują wykorzystanie inteligentnych systemów transportowych ITS, w ramach zintegrowanych systemów zarządzania ruchem drogowym.

EN

Excessive speed is described in various publications concerning the problems of road traffic safety in Poland, as the main cause of tragic accidents. Only one cause of road accidents is given in agreement with the police regulations /system of evidence of accidents and collisions/. The limbs of the law do not take into consideration, while attributing the responsibility for the delinquency of causing an accident, a significant role /at least causative/ of the then-occurring extremely unfavourable geophysical phenomena. Focusing on the above problem the authors pay attention to the aspect of weather conditions accompanying the selected tragic road events in 2014. They also present suggestions of passing information, concerning the weather endangerment, directly to the participants of the road traffic. Intelligent transportation systems /ITS/ are suggested to be utilised within the frame of the integrated systems of road traffic management.

3

Charakterystyki wybranych zagrożeń klimatycznych we wschodniej części Pobrzeża Słowińskiego i Pojezierza Pomorskiego i ich wpływ na rolnictwo

Malinowska M., Jakusik E.

Przegląd Naukowy Inżynieria i Kształtowanie Środowiska

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2014

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Vol. 23, No. 4

376--392

PL

Artykuł prezentuje częstość występowania oraz przebieg roczny ekstremalnych zjawisk meteorologicznych, mających wpływ na funkcjonowanie rolnictwa we wschodnich części Pobrzeża Słowińskiego i Pojezierza Pomorskiego w latach 2001–2010. Przeanalizowano średnie miesięczne ekstremalne i absolutne ekstremalne wartości temperatury powietrza i temperatury przy gruncie, liczbę dni przymrozkowych, mroźnych i gorących, liczbę dni z opadem silnym (≥ 10 mm), z pokrywą śnieżną, z wiatrem silnym i bardzo silnym (o prędkości odpowiednio ≥ 10 i ≥ 15,0 m·s–1) oraz z gradem i burzą.

EN

The paper presents the incidence and annual course of extreme weather conditions affecting the functioning of agriculture in the eastern part of Pomeranian Lake District in the years 2001–2010. The mean monthly extreme and absolute extreme temperatures and ground temperatures, the number of freeze, frost and hot days, the number of days with precipitation exceeding ≥ 10 mm, the number of days with snow, with strong and very strong winds (with wind speed exceeding 10 and 15 m·s–1), and number of days with hail and storm were analyzed.

4

Relation between the type of wave exposure and seagrass losses (Cymodocea nodosa) in the south of Gran Canaria (Canary Islands - Spain)

Portillo E.

Oceanological and Hydrobiological Studies

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2014

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Vol. 43, No. 1

29--40

EN

Effects of different types of wave events on Cymodocea nodosa seagrass meadows were observed and investigated by quantitative and qualitative evaluation of material washed ashore a few days after the events. The studied seagrass meadows are located on the south coast of the island of Gran Canaria (Canary Islands - Spain) and they are protected from frequent swells arriving from the North Atlantic. However, sporadic phenomena associated with winter storms occasionally hit this coastline, causing the loss of entire plants (fresh leaves with rhizomes and roots attached). An unusual type of southern swells generated in the South Atlantic also reaches the Islands in spring and summer. A clear relation was observed between the wave events (southern swells and storm waves) and the material cast ashore over the following days, with differences in composition (fresh vs. decaying leaves) depending on the type of event. After southern swells, detached portions of C. nodosa consisted mostly of decaying leaves shed after senescence. These old swells cause frictional drag with moderate oscillations over a wider range at greater depths, removing only decaying leaves from the seagrass meadows and favoring the natural clean-up process.

5

Formation and species composition of stormcast beach wrack in the Gulf of Riga, Baltic Sea

Suursaar Ű., Torn K., Martin G., Herkül K., Kullas T.

Oceanologia

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2014

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No. 56 (4)

673--695

EN

The aim of the study was to investigate hydrodynamic effects on the formation of beach wrack at three locations in the northern Baltic Sea and to quantify the differences between the composition of species found in the beach wrack and in the neighbouring sea. Hydrodynamic measurements and modelling indicated that the beach wrack was mostly of local origin and that it was formed during high sea level and wave events. Comparison of the methods of beach wrack sampling and seabed sampling (diver, underwater video) demonstrated that beach wrack sampling can be considered an alternative tool for describing the species composition of macrovegetation in near-coastal sea areas. Although the hydrodynamic variability is greater in autumn and more biological material is cast ashore, the similarity between the two sampling methods was higher in spring and summer.

6

Measurement of air-water oxygen transfer of cylindrical vortex flow regulators at a recirculating system

Wójtowicz P., Szlachta M., Kotowski A.

Environment Protection Engineering

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2013

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Vol. 39, nr 3

207--215

EN

Hydrodynamic flow regulators are used for diversion and/or limiting excess discharge in wastewater and stormwater systems as a replacement for traditional flow throttling devices. They are highly efficient, reliable and free from common disadvantages of traditional devices. Recent research of the authors indicated that atomization of a liquid by vortex flow regulators accelerates oxygenation and prevents the putrefaction process in wastewater and storm water collection systems. The study presents experimental results of the oxygen transfer measurements for basic designs of cylindrical hydrodynamic flow regulators in a closed-circuit experimental setup at the semi-commercial scale. The oxygen mass transfer coefficient, standard oxygen transfer rate and standard aeration efficiency were determined for the range of tested configurations by the clean water test.

7

Hydrodynamic modelling of the combined sewage system for the city of Przemyśl

Słyś D., Stec A.

Environment Protection Engineering

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2012

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Vol. 38, nr 4

99--112

EN

The paper presents results of studies on hydraulic parameters characterizing various variants of modernization of sewage system serving the city of Przemyśl. In the research work, a hydrodynamic model of urban catchment area with its sewage network cooperating with a sewage pumping station, storm overflow and retention reservoirs was developed with the use of Storm Water Management Model (SWMM) software. In the analysis, actual pluviometer records were used as input data.

8

Decadal variations in wave heights off Cape Kelba, Saaremaa Island, and their relationships with changes in wind climate

Suursaar Ű., Kullas T.

Oceanologia

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2009

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No. 51 (1)

39-61

EN

Based on wind data from the Vilsandi meteorological station and a 5-month calibration measurement with a bottom-mounted Recording Doppler Current Profiler (RDCP), a semi-empirical hindcast of wave parameters near the quickly developing accumulative Kelba Spit is presented for the period 1966-2006. The significant wave heights with a gross mean value of 0.56 m exhibited some quasiperiodic cycles, with the last high stage in 1980-95 and a decreasing overall trend of -0.001 m per year. At the same time, both the frequency and intensity of high wave events showed rising trends, and the mean wave heights during winter (December to February) increased as well. As the study area has the longest fetches in westerly directions, the discussed tendencies in wave conditions are sensitive to regional changes in the wind climate and can be related to a decrease in the local average wind speed on the one hand, but an intensification of westerly winds, storm events and the wintertime NAO index on the other. The roughest wave storms on record were associated with prominent W-storms on 2 November 1969 and 9 January 2005; a few other extreme wind events (e.g. in 1967, 1999, 2001), however, did not yield equally prominent waves.