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Effects of pressure on the kinetics of manganese evaporation from the OT4 alloy

Blacha L., Burdzik R., Smalcerz A., Matuła T.

Archives of Metallurgy and Materials

2013

Vol. 58, iss. 1

197-201

In the paper, results of the study on manganese evaporation from the OT4 alloy are presented. In the experiments, the effects of pressure on the manganese evaporation kinetics and the stages that limit the evaporation rate were investigated. It was demonstrated that the rate of manganese evaporation from the alloy increased with pressure reduction in the system. When the pressure decreases from 1000 Pa to 10 Pa, the value of overall mass transfer kMn increases from 3.9*10-6 ms-1 to 208.4*10-6 ms-1. At the same time, the manganese fraction in the alloy decreased from 1.49% mass to 0.045% mass. Within the whole pressure range, the analysed evaporation process is diffusion-controlled. For pressures above 50 Pa, the determining stage is transfer in the gaseous phase, while for pressures below 50 Pa, it is transfer in the liquid phase.

W prezentowanym opracowaniu przedstawiono wyniki badań odparowania manganu ze stopu OT4. W ramach prowadzonych eksperymentów badano wpływ ciśnienia na kinetykę procesu odparowania manganu i jednocześnie określono etapy limitujące jego szybkość. Wykazano, że szybkość procesu odparowania manganu ze stopu rośnie wraz z obniżaniem ciśnienia w układzie. Przy obniżeniu ciśnienia od 1000 Pa do 10 Pa wartość ogólnego współczynnika transportu masy kMn rośnie od 3.9x10-6 ms-1 do 208.4x10-6 ms-1. Jednocześnie następowało obniżenie zawartości manganu w stopie od 1.49% mas. Do 0.045% mas.. W całym zakresie ciśnień analizowany proces parowania ma kontrolę dyfuzyjną. Dla ciśnień powyżej 50 Pa etapem determinujacym jest transport w fazie gazowej, a dla ciśnien poniżej 50 Pa transport masy w fazie ciekłej.

Changes in Ti-Al-Mn alloy compositions during their smelting in a vacuum induction furnace

Blacha L., Oleksiak B., Smalcerz A., Matuła T.

Archives of Materials Science and Engineering

2012

Vol. 58, nr 1

28--32

Purpose: Major problems with smelting of light titanium-based alloys are related to their strong reactivity in the liquid phase with virtually all melting pot materials. Another problem regarding titanium alloy smelting is an unfavourable process of alloy component evaporation due to high melting temperatures of the alloys and significant differences in vapour pressures of their individual components. In the present paper, results of a study on manganese evaporation from the OT4 alloy are presented. Design/methodology/approach: The OT4 alloy contained 94.29, 3.50 and 1.49 %mass of Ti, Al and Mn, respectively. The experiments were performed at 5 to 1000 Pa for 1973 K and 2023 K. During each smelting experiment, metal samples were collected and analysed for titanium, aluminium and manganese contents. Findings: During inductive OT4 alloy smelting from the Ti-Al-Mn system at reduced pressure, significant manganese losses from the alloy are observed as a result manganese evaporation. For manganese and titanium, the evaporation coefficient Ω Mn/Ti values were within 12421–42899, while for manganese and aluminium (Ω Mn/Al), they were within 34 to 52, suggesting that, thermodynamically, there is a potential for intense manganese evaporation from the investigated alloy .Research limitations/implications: The study findings may be a basis for a full kinetic analysis of Mn evaporation from the OT4 alloy which enables determination of process-controlling stages.Practical implications: The study results regarding changes in manganese content in the OT4 alloy during its smelting with the use of VIM technology suggest that one of conditions that may limit the unfavourable process of manganese evaporation is shortening the smelting time or performing the process at about 1000 Pa. Originality/value:In literature, there are no data regarding results of studies on manganese elimination from Ti-Al-Mn alloys during their smelting.