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1

Thermal analysis, structure and mechanical properties of the MC MgAl3Zn1 cast alloy

Dobrzański L. A., Król M., Tański T.

Journal of Achievements in Materials and Manufacturing Engineering

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2010

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Vol. 40, nr 2

167-174

EN

Purpose: This work presents effect of cooling rate on the mechanical and structural properties and thermal characteristic results of MC MgAl3Zn1 cast alloy. Design/methodology/approach: The experiments were performed using the novel Universal Metallurgical Simulator and Analyzer Platform. Material used in this experiment is experimental magnesium alloy made as-cast. Findings: The research show that the thermal analysis carried out on UMSA Technology Platform is an efficient tool for collect and calculate thermal parameters. The formation temperatures of various thermal parameters, mechanical properties (hardness and ultimate compressive strength) and grain size are shifting with an increasing cooling rate. Research limitations/implications: This paper presents results for one alloy - MC MgAl3Zn1 only, cooled with three different solidifications rate i.e. 0.6, 1.2 and 2.4°C/s, for assessment for the liquidus and solidus temperatures and its influence on the mechanical properties and structure. Practical implications: The parameters described can be applied in metal casting industry for selecting magnesium ingot preheating temperature for semi solid processing to achieve requirements properties. Originality/value: The paper contributes to better understanding and recognition an influence of different solidification condition on non-equilibrium thermal parameters of magnesium alloys.

2

Microstructures of Mg-Al-Zn and Al-Si-Cu cast alloys

Tański T., Dobrzański L. A., Maniara R.

Journal of Achievements in Materials and Manufacturing Engineering

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2010

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Vol. 38, nr 1

64-71

EN

Purpose: The aim of this paper was to investigate the structure of the MCMgAl6Zn1 magnesium and ACAlSi9Cu aluminium cast alloy in as-cast state. Design/methodology/approach: The following results concern the microstructure of the cast magnesium and aluminium alloys using ZEISS SUPRA 25, Opton DSM-940 scanning and LEICA MEF4A light microscopy, X-ray qualitative microanalysis as well as X-ray analysis. Findings: The analysis of the structure magnesium alloy consists of the solid solution á – Mg (matrix) of the secondary phase g – Mg17Al12 evenly located in the structure. The structure creates agglomerates in the form of needle precipitations, partially coherent with the matrix placed mostly at the grain boundaries. The AC AlSi9Cu and AC AlSi9Cu4 cast aluminium alloys are characterised by a dendritic structure of the á solid solution - as the alloy matrix, as well are characterised by a discontinuous â–Si phase forming the á+â eutectic grains, with a morphology depending on the silicon and copper mass concentration. Research limitations/implications: Taking into account the fact that some of the properties are of great importance only for the surface of the material, the future investigation will concern modelling of the alloy surface using surface layers deposition methods like physical vapour deposition methods. Practical implications: A desire to create as light vehicle constructions as possible and connected low fuel consumption have made it possible to make use of magnesium and aluminium alloys as constructional material in automotive industry. Originality/value: Contemporary materials should possess high mechanical properties, physical and chemical, as well as technological ones, to ensure long and reliable use. The above mentioned requirements and expectations regarding the contemporary materials are met by the non-ferrous metals alloys used nowadays, including the magnesium and aluminium alloys.

3

Investigations of microstructure and dislocations of cast magnesium alloys

Tański T., Dobrzański L. A., Labisz K.

Journal of Achievements in Materials and Manufacturing Engineering

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2010

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Vol. 42, nr 1-2

94-102

EN

Purpose: The microstructures and the dislocation arrangements in the cast magnesium alloy have been investigated using transmission electron microscopy and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy. In this paper are presented also the results of phase morphology investigation of an new developed Mg alloy. Such studies are of great interest for the metal industry, mainly the automobile industry, were the improvement of cast elements quality is crucial for economic and quality reason and depends mainly on properly performed controlling process of the production parameters. There are presented especially the effect of heat treatment on the size and distribution of the precipitation occurred in the matrix. Design/methodology/approach: The basic assumptions of this work are realised an Universal Metallurgical Simulator and Analyzer. The solidification process itself is analysed using the UMSA device by appliance of the Derivative Thermo Analysis. The thermal analysis was performed at a low but regulated cooling rate in a range of 0.2 oC to ca. 3 oC. Cooling curve for the thermal analysis was performed using a high sensitivity thermocouples of the K type, covered with a stainless steel sheath. The data were acquired by a high speed data acquisition system linked to a PC computer. Two different types of samples were used, bulk-cylindrical, and thin-walled cylindrical. Metallographic investigation were made on cross section samples of a engine bloc. Non-equilibrium heating and cooling process conditions were applied to achieve changes in shape and distribution of the phases such as Al2Cu and Si. Findings: During the investigation Dislocation networks are found to increase with deformation in all cases. The dislocation networks have been found in the g- Mg17Al12 phase as well as in the matrix in the investigation magnesium alloys. The crystallographic orientation relationship are: (1 01) .-Mg Ś (10 ) Mg17Al12 and [11 0] .-Mg Ś [111] Mg17Al12. Precipitation of the g-Mg17Al12 phase are mostly of the shape of roads, and the prevailing growing directions are the directions <110> .-Mg. Research limitations/implications: The investigations were performed using standard metallographic investigation as optical, scanning and transmission electron microscopy methods, also electron diffraction methods were applied for phase identification. Originality/value: The originality of this work is based on applying of regulated cooling rate of magnesium alloy for structure and mechanical properties changes. In this work the dependence between the regulated heat treatment, chemical composition and structure of the investigated magnesium cast alloy on the basis of the structure investigations was presented.

4

AgSnBi powder consolidated by composite mode of deformation

Richert M., Richert J., Leszczyńska-Madej B., Hotloś A., Maślanka M., Pachla W., Skiba J.

Journal of Achievements in Materials and Manufacturing Engineering

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2010

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Vol. 39, nr 2

161-167

EN

Purpose: The objective of this work present the characterization of microstructure and properties of consolidated powder AgSn7.5Bi0.5 by using composition of cyclic extrusion compression (CEC) and hydrostatic extrusion (HE) methods. As the final product the wires of 3 mm in diameter were obtained. The comparison of powder properties after CEC deformation and after the combined deformation CEC and HE is presented. Design/methodology/approach: The investigated samples contained consolidated by large plastic deformations particles of AgSnBi. The samples were deformed by the CEC method in the range of true strains = 0.32 up to .= 25.2 and then additionally were extruded to . = 1.85. The systematic observations by optical microscopy were performed for determination of the quality of particle joints. The microstructure was observed by optical, scanning and transmission electron microscopy. Microhardness was measured and areas around indentations of microhardness penetrator were observed. This allows evaluated resistance of consolidated material against local cracking under the penetrator load. Findings: Microstructure of consolidated AgSnBi powder was finding at the cross sections of samples as consisting from almost equiaxial grains, which size decreasing with the increasing of plastic deformations. The microhardness of samples strongly increase in the few first cycles (to about . = 2 of CEC) and then keeps almost the same level of about žHV = 107 - 111 to the strain of about .= 25. Inside the consolidated granules subgrains/grains with the average size of about 77 nm, after the . = 25, were found. Research limitations/implications: This paper presents results for one alloy - MC MgAl3Zn1 only, cooled with three different solidifications rate i.e. 0.6, 1.2 and 2.4°C/s, for assessment for the liquidus and solidus temperatures and its influence on the mechanical properties and structure. Practical implications: The parameters described can be applied in metal casting industry for selecting magnesium ingot preheating temperature for semi solid processing to achieve requirements properties. Originality/value: The paper contributes to better understanding and recognition an influence of different solidification condition on non-equilibrium thermal parameters of magnesium alloys.

5

Structure and properties of alloys of the Mg-Al-Zn system

Cizek L., Greger M., Dobrzański L. A., Juricka I., Kocich R., Pawlica L., Tański T.

Journal of Achievements in Materials and Manufacturing Engineering

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2009

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Vol. 32, nr 2

179-187

EN

Purpose: In the following paper there have been the structure and complex of mechanical properties of magnesium alloys presented which requires very often knowledge of elastic-plastic properties at elevated temperatures. These properties are connected with microstructure that is influenced by metallurgical and technological factors and conditions of exploitation. The influence of used method ECAP for superplasticity will be investigated. Design/methodology/approach: The tensile test in dependence on temperature of magnesium alloys was based on investigation of mechanical properties. The following results concern light and scanning microscopy for metallographic and fracture analyses of alloys after testing were used. Findings: Objective of this work consisted in determination of changes of elastic-plastic properties of magnesium alloy AZ91 as cast state and after heat treatment in dependence on temperature, including investigation of fracture characteristics. It was confirmed that during heating used alloy as cast state at chosen temperatures there occurs partial dissolution of minority phases. Homogenisation of microstructure is, however, accompanied by simultaneous forming of inter-granular non-integrities, which is unfavourable from the viewpoint of strength and plastic properties, especially at higher temperatures. Failure occurs practically at all temperatures basically by inter-crystalline splitting along the boundaries of original dendrites. At temperature testing near melting point of alloy the interdendrite areas melting were observed. After application ECAP the effect of superplasticity (200-400%) was occurred. Practical implications: The results may be utilized for a relation between plastic and strength properties of the investigated material in process of manufacturing and design of these materials. Originality/value: Complex evaluation of properties magnesium alloys at higher temperatures namely for explanation of fracture mechanism near the melting point. The possibility of supperplasticity effect of Mg-Al alloys was not presented yet.

6

Structure and mechanical properties of Mg-Si alloys at elevated temperatures

Cizek L., Hanus A., Blahoz O., Tański T., Dobrzański L. A., Prażmowski M., Pawlica L.

Journal of Achievements in Materials and Manufacturing Engineering

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2009

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Vol. 35, nr 1

37-46

EN

Purpose: of this paper is to extend a complex evaluation of magnesium alloys which requires very often knowledge of structure and mechanical properties at elevated temperatures. These properties are connected with microstructure that is influenced by metallurgical and technological factors and exploitation conditions. Presented knowledge expresses very important information for design and exploitation of these alloys. Design/methodology/approach: The optical and scanning electron microscopy methods were used for metallographic and fracture analyses of studied magnesium alloys after tensile test at elevated temperatures. Findings: Objective of this work consisted in determination of structure and mechanical properties progressive magnesium alloys at elevated temperatures. Research limitations/implications: Knowledge of alloys structure characteristics will be determined new research direction of scope. Practical implications: The results may be utilized for a relation between structure and properties of the investigated material in process of manufacturing. Originality/value: These results contribute to complex evaluation of magnesium alloys properties namely for explanation of structure developed new magnesium alloys. The results of this paper are determined for research workers deal by development new exploitations of magnesium alloys.

7

Selection of heat treatment condition of the Mg-Al-Zn alloys

Dobrzański L. A., Tański T., Cizek L., Madejski J.

Journal of Achievements in Materials and Manufacturing Engineering

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2009

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Vol. 32, nr 2

203-210

EN

Purpose: Main aim of this paper are results of the optimization of heat treatment conditions, which are temperature and heating time during solution heat treatment or ageing as well the cooling rate after solution treatment for MCMgAl12Zn1, MCMgAl9Zn1, MCMgAl6Zn1, MCMgAl3Zn1 cast magnesium alloys. Design/methodology/approach: The following results concern mechanical properties especially hardness. Findings: The different heat treatment kinds employed contributed to the improvement of mechanical properties of the alloy. Research limitations/implications: According to the alloys characteristic, the applied cooling rate and alloy additions seems to be a good compromise for mechanical properties, nevertheless further tests should be carried out in order to examine different cooling rates and parameters of solution treatment process and aging process. Practical implications: Generally magnesium alloys are applied in motor industry and machine building, but they find application in a helicopter production, planes, disc scanners, a mobile telephony, computers, bicycle elements, household and office equipment, radio engineering and an air - navigation, in chemical, power, textile and nuclear industrial, etc. Originality/value: Contemporary materials should possess high mechanical properties, physical and chemical, as well as technological ones, to ensure long and reliable use. The above mentioned requirements and expectations regarding the contemporary materials are met by the non-ferrous metals alloys used nowadays, including the magnesium alloys.

8

Microstructure analysis of the modified casting magnesium alloys after heat and laser treatment

Dobrzański L. A., Tański T., Domagała J., Bonek M., Klimpel A.

Journal of Achievements in Materials and Manufacturing Engineering

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2009

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Vol. 32, nr 1

7-12

EN

Purpose: In this paper there is presented the structure of the modeling cast magnesium alloy EN-MCMgAl6Zn1 as cast state, after heat treatment and laser treatment. Design/methodology/approach: The presented results concern X-ray qualitative and quantitative microanalysis as well as qualitative and quantitative X-ray diffraction method, light and scanning microscope. A casting cycle of alloys has been carried out in an induction crucible furnace using a protective salt bath Flux 12 equipped with two ceramic filters at the melting temperature of 750š10 °C, suitable for the manufactured material. The heat treatment involve the solution heat treatment (warming material in temperature 375° C by 3 hour, it elevation temperature to 430°C, warming by 10 hours) and cooling in different cooling mediums as well water, air and furnace. Laser surface melting was carried out with a high power diode laser (HDPL). Findings: The results of the metallographic examinations confirm the fact that the magnesium cast alloy MCMgAl6Zn1 is characterized by a microstructure of the . solid solution constituting the alloy matrix as well as the ß – Mg17Al12 discontinuous intermetallic phase in the forms of plates located mostly at grain boundaries. The results indicate that laser-melted layer contains the fine dendrites. The substrate grains are significantly coarses than in the laser surface remelting zone. Research limitations/implications: According to the alloys characteristic, the applied cooling rate and alloy additions seems to be a good compromise for mechanical properties and microstructures, nevertheless further tests should be carried out in order to examine different cooling rates and parameters of solution treatment process and aging process. This investigation presents different speed rates feed by one process laser power and in this research was used one powder with the particle size over 5žm. Practical implications: This work helps to use the new developed laser treatment technique for alloying and remelting of magnesium cast alloys for new application. Originality/value: The originality of this work is based on applying of High Power Diode Laser for improvement of properties of the magnesium alloys.

9

Laser surface treatment of magnesium alloys with aluminium oxide powder

Dobrzański L. A., Malara S., Tański T.

Journal of Achievements in Materials and Manufacturing Engineering

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2009

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Vol. 37, nr 1

70-77

EN

Purpose: The aim of this paper was to improve the magnesium cast alloys surface layer by laser surface treatment and to determine the laser treatment parameters. Design/methodology/approach: The laser treatment of magnesium alloys with alloying Al2O3 powder of the particle about 80ěm was carried out using a high power diode laser (HPDL). The resulting microstructure in the modified surface layer was examined using scanning electron microscopy. Phase composition was determined by the X-ray diffraction method using the XPert device. The measurements of microhardness of the modified surface layer were also studied. Findings: The alloyed region has a fine microstructure with hard carbide particles. Microhardness of laser surface alloyed layer was significantly improved as compared to an alloy without laser treatment. Research limitations/implications: The investigations were conducted for cast magnesium alloys MCMgAl12Zn1, MCMgAl9Zn1, MCMgAl6Zn1, MCMgAl3Zn1 and Al2O3 powder of the particle size about 80 ěm. One has used laser power in the range from 1.2 to 2.0 kW. Practical implications: The results obtained in this investigation were promising comparing with the other conventional processes. High Power Diode Laser can be used as an economical substitute of Nd: YAG and CO2 to improve the surface magnesium alloy by feeding the carbide particles. Originality/value: The value of this paper is to define the influence of laser treatment parameters on quality, microstructure and microhardness of magnesium cast alloys surface layer.

10

Effect of laser treatment on micro-structure and properties of cast magnesium alloys

Dobrzański L. A., Domagała-Dubiel J., Labisz K., Hajduczek E., Klimpel A.

Journal of Achievements in Materials and Manufacturing Engineering

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2009

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Vol. 37, nr 1

57-64

EN

Purpose: The goal of this paper is to present the structure and properties of the cast magnesium alloy after laser treatment. Design/methodology/approach: The laser treatment of magnesium alloys with TiC, WC powders was carried out using a high power diode laser (HDPL). The resulting microstructure in the modified surface layer was examined using optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscope. Phase composition was determined by the X-ray diffraction method using the XPert device. The measurements of hardness and wear resistance of the modified surface layer were also studied. Findings: The region after laser treatment has a fine microstructure with hard carbide particles. Hardness of laser surface layer with both TiC and WC particles was improved as compared to alloy without laser treatment. Research limitations/implications: In this research two powders (WC and TiC) were used with the particle size over 5 ěm. This investigation presents different laser power by one process speed rates. Practical implications: The results obtained in this investigation were promising towards compared other conventional processes. High Power Diode Laser can be used as an economical substitute of Nd:YAG and CO2 to improve the surface magnesium alloy by feeding the carbide particles. Originality/value: The originality of this work is applying of High Power Diode Laser for alloying of magnesium alloy using hard particles like tungsten and titanium carbides.

11

Determination of the optimum forming conditions for warm tube hydroforming of ZM21 magnesium alloy

Esnaola J. A., Torca I., Galdos L., Garcia C.

Journal of Achievements in Materials and Manufacturing Engineering

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2009

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Vol. 32, nr 2

188-195

EN

Purpose: Magnesium alloys are especially appropriate to decrease vehicle weight and consequently reduce fuel consumption. However, forming limitations regarded to their low formability at room temperature are found when being manufactured by conventional forming processes. Consequently, development of new forming techniques, such as warm tube hydroforming (WTHF), is needed to overcome such limitation. This way, WTHF allows combining the benefit of increasing forming temperature to raise the formability of these alloys with the widely known advantages of conventional Tube Hydroforming processes. In the current work, deformation mechanisms in ZM21 alloy were studied in order to determine the optimum forming conditions for warm forming processes. These working conditions were tested to form a ZM21 prototype by WTHF. Design/methodology/approach: In a first stage, specimens of ZM21 alloy were uniaxially tested at different temperatures up to 250şC at quasi-static strain rates, and microstructure of tested specimens was analysed. In a second stage, according to acquired knowledge, ZM21 tubes were formed by WTHF process and final mechanical properties and microstructure were analysed. Findings: Optimum forming conditions for WTHF of ZM21 alloy were determined. Practical implications: Magnesium tubular parts are very appropriate for automotive and aerospace industry due to their high strength to weigh ratio. Thus, WTHF processes allow obtaining excellent quality parts with complex shapes, difficult or even impossible to obtain by other forming techniques. Furthermore, the determined optimum forming conditions can be useful for other warm forming processes such as warm deep drawing. Originality/value: Deformation mechanisms and optimum forming conditions for ZM21 alloy, which presents advantages for warm forming processes, were determined. Furthermore, these forming conditions were tested in an emerging innovative forming process, WTHF.

12

Application of the neural network for Mg-Al-Zn mechanical properties modelling

Dobrzański L. A., Król M.

Journal of Achievements in Materials and Manufacturing Engineering

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2009

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Vol. 37, nr 2

549-555

EN

Purpose: The paper presents results of the research connected with the development of new approach based on the neural network to predict chemical composition and cooling rate for the mechanical properties of the Mg-Al-Zn cast alloys. The independent variables on the model are chemical composition of Mg-Al-Zn cast alloys and cooling rate. The dependent parameters are hardness, ultimate compressive strength and grain size. Design/methodology/approach: The experimental magnesium alloy used for training of neural network was prepared in cooperation with the Faculty of Metallurgy and Materials Engineering of the Technical University of Ostrava and the CKD Motory plant, Hradec Kralove in the Czech Republic. The alloy was cooled with three different cooling rates in UMSA Technology Platform. Compression test were conducted at room temperature using a Zwick universal testing machine. Compression specimens were tested corresponding to each of three cooling rates. Rockwell F-scale hardness tests were carried out using a Zwick HR hardness testing machine. Findings: The results of this investigation show that there is a good correlation between experimental and predicted dates and the neural network has a great potential in mechanical behaviour modelling of Mg-Al-Zn alloys. Practical implications: The presented model can be applied in computer system of Mg-Al-Zn casting alloys, selection and designing for Mg-Al-Zn casting parts. Originality/value: The presented model can be applied in computer system of Mg-Al-Zn casting alloys, selection and designing for Mg-Al-Zn casting parts.

13

Manufacturing and assessment of tribologic properties of carbon coatings on magnesium alloys

Gołąbczak M.

Advances in Manufacturing Science and Technology

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2007

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Vol. 31, nr 2

81-90

EN

Magnesium alloys are very attractive constructional material finding application in many fields of industry. However, they have also disadvantages like: low wear resistance, decrease of strength at high temperature, susceptibility to corrosion. In article the PACVD method of manufacturing of carbon layers on AZ31 magnesium alloy, fulfilling protective and decorative functions have been presented. Also investigation results concerning identification of carbon layers on magnesium alloy, determination of the thickness of manufactured carbon coatings, their nanohardness and assessment of tribologic properties have been shown.

PL

Stopy magnezu są atrakcyjnym materiałem konstrukcyjnym, mającym zastosowanie w wielu dziedzinach przemysłu. Stopy te mają jednak wady, m.in.: małą odporność na zużycie i wytrzymałość oraz dużą podatność na korozję. Przedstawiono wytwarzanie warstw węglowych metodą PACVD na stopie magnezu AZ31, spełniających funkcje ochronne i dekoracyjne. W analizie wyników badań uwzględniono: identyfikację składników w wytwarzanych warstwach węglowych, pomiary głębokości i nanotwardości warstw oraz ocenę ich właściwości tribologicznych.

14

Influence of microstructure and inhomogeneity on the properties of the pressure die cast magnesium alloy AM50 HP.

Regener D., Schick E.

Inżynieria Materiałowa

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2001

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R. XXII, nr 5

768-771

EN

The paper deals with the influence of microstructure and manufacture induced porosity on the mechanical properties of plate-like components from the pressure die cast alloy AM50 HP. The assessment of the material behaviour was based upon microstructural investigations by means of light and electron scanning microscopy, hardness measurements, tensile tests, in-situ tensile and in-situ bending tests. The results showed a coarsening of the grain and dendrite structure, respectively, and an increased percentage of porosity from the rim to the middle of the plate. In addition, the matrix grains had a cored structure. Hence is followed an irregular microhardness course through the plate thickness and the reduction of the microhardness values from rim to the middle of the plate. Tensile and in-situ tensile tests on specimens, which due to the different cutting from the plate obtained more pores, resulted in reduced strength values, but especially in decreased total elongations. Specimens, in-situ tested at a temperature >120 degrees centigrade led to lower values of strength and elongation. The effect of the porosity on the values of the in-situ bending test was not so serious.

15

The Influence of intergranular microstructure of Mg-Zn-RE alloys on properties at elevated temperatures

Podosek M., Lorimer G.

Archives of Metallurgy

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2000

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Vol. 45, iss. 1

47-55

EN

Two magnesium-alloys with small amounts of zinc and rare earths were investigated in order to compare the influence of cast structure and heat treatment on hardness and tensile properties. The structure has been examined using the methods of scanning and electron microscopy; tensile tests were carried out at temperatures from ambient up to 300ºC. It was established that the structure of the alloys consists of fine equiaxial grains of solid solution of Zn, and RE in Mg surrounded with a network of the ternary eutectic of Mg12(RE, Zn) or Mg12-xZnxRE type, which is hard and brittle. The eutectic is responsible for stability of mechanical properties of the alloys at elevated temperatures up to 200ºC. They also reveal small response to heat treatment, which make them cheaper to produce than other alloys like ZE 41 or EZ 33 and suitable for High Pressure Die Casting (HPDC).

PL

W pracy badano wpływ struktury odlewniczej i obróbki cieplnej na twardość i własności wytrzymałościowe dwóch stopów magnezowych z metalami ziem rzadkich różniących się zawartością cynku. Strukturę obserwowano stosując metody mikroskopii elektronowej, a własności mechaniczne wyznaczano na podstawie próby rozciągania w temperaturach do 300°C. Stwierdzono, że struktura badanych stopów składa się z drobnych, równoosiowych ziarn roztworu stałego Zn i RE otoczonego twardą i kruchą siatką potrójnej eutektyki typu Mg12(RE, Zn) lub Mg12-xZnxRE. Eutektyka ta jest odpowiedzialna za stabilność własności mechanicznych w podwyższonych temperaturach do 200°C. Stopy te nie wymagają obróbki cieplnej i dlatego ich produkcja jest tańsza niż innych stopów tego typu, jak ZE 41 czy EZ 33. Mogą one znaleźć zastosowanie przy produkcji odlewów metodą wysokociśnieniową (High Pressure Die Casting - HPDC).

16

Application of new rare-earth metals for improvement of magnesium alloys.

Rokhlin L.L.

Inżynieria Materiałowa

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1998

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R. XIX, nr 3

146-152

EN

Results of the investigations of magnesium alloys with different rare-earth metals are presented. The investigations included studies of the magnesium parts of the phase diagrams, supersaturated magnesium solid decomposition, influence of the individual rare-earth metals on mechanical properties of magnesium. Some regularities of the constitution and properties of magnesium alloys with increasing the rare-earth atomic number were revealed. As result of the investigations, several new rare earth metals as possible alloying additives to magnesium alloys were established. These rare earth metals improve significantly mechanical properties of magnesium alloys.