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1
Content available Leading Phase in the Directionally Solidifying Fe – 4.25%C Eutectic Alloy
Trepczyńska-Łent M.
Archives of Foundry Engineering
|
2019
|
iss. 4
113--116
EN
In order to determine the leading phase of the Fe - 4.25% C eutectic alloy, the method of directional crystallization, which allows to study the character of the solid / liquid growth front, was used. Examined eutectic was directionally solidified with a constant temperature gradient of G = 33,5 K/mm and growth rate of v = 125 μm/s (450 mm/h). The Bridgman technique was used for the solidification process. The sample was grown by pulling it downwards up to 30 mm in length. The alloy quenched by rapid pulling down into the Ga-In-Sn liquid metal. The sample was examined on the longitudinal section using a light microscope and scanning electron microscope. The shape of the solid/liquid interface and particularly the leading phase protrusion were revealed. The formation of the concave – convex interface has been identified in the quasi-regular eutectic growth arrested by quenching. The cementite phase was determined to be a leading phase. The total protrusion d is marked in the adequate figure.
2
Content available Study of Microstructure of Oriented Eutectic Fe-C Alloy
Trepczyńska-Łent M.
Archives of Foundry Engineering
|
2018
|
Vol. 18, iss. 1
123--128
EN
Fe - 4,25% C alloy was directionally solidified with a constant temperature gradient of G = 33,5 K/mm and growth rate of v = 83,3 μm/s (300 mm/h) using a vacuum Bridgman-type crystal growing facility with liquid metal cooling technique. To reveal more detailed microstructure, the deep etching was made. This was obtained in the process of electrolytic dissolution. The microstructure of the sample was examined on the longitudinal and transverse sections using an Optical Microscope and Scanning Electron Microscope. Using the Electron Backscattered Diffraction technique, phase map and analysis of phase were made. In this paper the analysis of Fe-C alloy eutectic microstructure is presented. Regular eutectic structure was obtained. The fracture surfaces show lamellar structure. Microscopic observation after electrolytic extraction indicates that the grains of longitudinal shape of eutectic cementite have been obtained. These grains are characterized by layered construction with many rounded discontinuities.
3
Content available Self-Organization of Friction Surface of Fe-Mn-C-B Coating With Increased Resistance to Abrasion
Barszcz M., Paszeczko M., Lenik K.
Archives of Metallurgy and Materials
|
2015
|
Vol. 60, iss. 4
2651--2656
EN
The paper concerns the research on self-organization of the surface of coating of hypoeutectic alloy Fe-Mn-C-B modified Si, Ni, Cr, Cu with friction with C45 steel. The coatings were obtained by arc welding using a flux-cored wire. Tests of resistance to wear were carried out for hypoeutectic coatings with use of the friction pair pin-on-disc in the conditions of sliding friction, in model lubricating environments. The surface-active (glycerol oil) and inactive (Vaseline grease) lubricant was used. Tribological tests carried out showed that cooperation of hypoeutectic alloy coating with counterbody of C45 steel with lubrication with surface-active lubricant results in a significant improvement in tribological properties than in case of the lubrication with surface-inactive lubricant. The resulting effect is related to the self-organization of friction surface. After deposition and wear resistance tests, the friction surface microstructure was analysed, as well as the surface and depth distribution of the elements.
PL
Praca dotyczy badań samoorganizacji powierzchni powłoki ze stopu eutektycznego Fe-Mn-C-B modyfikowanej Si, Ni, Cr, Cu przy tarciu ze stalą C45. Powłoki otrzymano metodą napawania łukowego z użyciem drutu proszkowego. Badania odporności na zużycie przeprowadzono dla powłok eutektycznych z zastosowaniem węzła tarcia trzpień-tarcza w warunkach tarcia ślizgowego, w modelowych środowiskach smarnych. Zastosowano powierzchniowo-aktywny (olej glicerynowy) i nieaktywny (smar wazelinowy) środek smarny. Przeprowadzone badania tribologiczne wykazały, że współpraca powłoki ze stopu eutektycznego z przeciwpróbką ze stali C45 przy smarowaniu powierzchniowo-aktywnym środkiem smarnym powoduje znaczną poprawę właściwości tribologicznych niż przy smarowaniu powierzchniowo-nieaktywnym środkiem smarnym. Otrzymany efekt związany jest z samoorganizacją powierzchni tarcia. Po napawaniu i badaniach odporności na zużycie przeanalizowano mikrostrukturę powierzchni tarcia oraz powierzchniowy i głębokościowy rozkład pierwiastków.
4
Właściwości elektrolitycznych powłok kompozytowych niklu z eutektycznym napełniaczem
Pashechko M., Kindraczuk M., Kornijenko A., Fedorczuk S., Barszcz M.
Inżynieria Powierzchni
|
2014
|
nr 1
63--67
EN
The investigations of structure, elements distribution and microhardness of areas: matrix – transition zone – filler of composite nickel-based electrolytic coatings are carried out. The wear-resistant eutectic alloy powder designed for operation at higher temperatures was used as a composite coating filler.For the coated samples a heat treatment at temperatures 950 and 1250°С was used.
5
Content available Modification of the high-alloyed white cast iron microstructure with magnesium master alloy
Kawalec M.
Archives of Foundry Engineering
|
2013
|
Vol. 13, iss. 2
71--74
EN
High-vanadium cast iron is the white cast iron in which the regular fibrous \gamma + VC eutectic with the volume fraction of vanadium carbide amounting to about 20% crystallises. This paper presents the results of studies on high-vanadium cast iron subjected to the inoculation treatment with magnesium master alloy. The aim of this operation is to change the morphology of the crystallising VC carbides from the fibrous shape into a spheroidal one. The study also examines the effect of the amount of the introduced inoculant on changes in the morphology of the crystallising VC carbides. To achieve the goals once set, metallographic studies were performed on high-vanadium cast iron of eutectic composition in base state and after the introduction of a variable content of the inoculant. The introduction of magnesium-based master alloy resulted in the expected changes of microstructure. The most beneficial effect was obtained with the introduction of 1.5% of magnesium master alloy, since nearly half of the crystallised vanadium carbides have acquired a spheroidal shape.
6
Zmiany struktury warstwy wierzchniej powłok ze stopów eutektycznych Fe-Mn-C-B-Si-Ni-Cr po tarciu ze stalą C45
Pashechko M., Dziedzic K., Barszcz M.
Inżynieria Powierzchni
|
2012
|
nr 1
28-32
PL
W pracy omówiono zmiany struktury warstwy wierzchniej powłok otrzymanych ze stopów eutektycznych Fe-Mn-C-B-Si-Ni-Cr po tarciu ze stalą C45. Powłoki nanoszono metodą napawania łukowego z użyciem elektrod proszkowych. Po napawaniu i badaniach odporności na zużycie przeanalizowano mikrostrukturę, skład fazowy oraz rozkład pierwiastków na powierzchni tarcia. Zbadano powstawanie wskutek tribosyntezy struktur wtórnych (nanowarstw) na powierzchni tarcia i ich wpływ na właściwości tribologiczne powłok.
EN
Structure changes in the surface layers of the eutectic coatings based on Fe-Mn-C-B-Si-Ni-Cr after friction with steel C 45 are shown. The coating were obtained by arc welding with the use of powder electrode. Ąfter the welding wear resistance tests have been made and typical properties have been analyzed (phase composition, microstructure, distribution of atoms on the friction surfaces). Formation by tribosyntezis of secondary structures (nanolayers) on the friction surface and their possible influence on the tribological properties of coatings have been considered.
7
Badania struktury i właściwości warstw wierzchnich powłok ze stopów eutektycznych Fe-Mn-C-b
Pashechko M., Dziedzic K., Barszcz M.
Inżynieria Materiałowa
|
2012
|
Vol. 33, nr 2
82--85
PL
W artykule omówiono możliwości otrzymywania oraz strukturę i właściwości odpornych na zużycie powłok eutektycznych na bazie układu Fe-Mn-C-B stopowanych Si, Ni, Cr. Powłoki nanoszono metodą napawania łukowego w osłonie gazowej GMA z użyciem drutu proszkowego o średnicy 2,4 mm. Po napawaniu i badaniach odporności na zużycie przeanalizowano skład fazowy, mikrostrukturę, rozmieszczenie pierwiastków oraz nanotwardość otrzymanych powłok eutektycznych. Stopy eutektyczne Fe-Mn-C-B-Si-Ni-Cr mogą być używane do nanoszenia powłok odpornych na zużycie. Zastosowano je między innymi do regeneracji noży stosowanych w urządzeniach do rozdrabniania opon samochodowych.
EN
Article shows the possibility to receive and structure as well as wear-resistant properties of eutectic coatings based on Fe-Mn-CB-Si-Ni-Cr system (Tab. 1). The coating were obtained by gas metal arc welding GMA with use of wire powder (diameter 2.4 mm). After the welding and wear resistance tests a typical properties was observed: phase composition, microstructure, distribution of atoms on the surface, nanohardness (Fig. 1÷5, Tab. 2). Eutectic alloys Fe-Mn-C-B-Si-Ni-Cr can be used to obtain high quality coatings resistant to wear and corrosion. These alloys are used, among others, for the regeneration of knives used in equipment for shredding tires (Fig. 6).
8
Content available The criterion of minimum entropy production in eutectic growth
Trepczyńska-Łent M.
Archives of Foundry Engineering
|
2012
|
Vol. 12, iss. 2
85-88
EN
The paper presents adaptation problem of lamellar/rod growth of eutectic. The transformation of eutectic microstructure was investigated systematically. A interpretation of the eutectic growth with theory minimum entropy production was presented.
9
Content available Alloyed white cast iron with precipitates of spheroidal vanadium carbides VC
Kawalec M., Górny M.
Archives of Foundry Engineering
|
2012
|
Vol. 12, iss. 4
95-100
EN
The paper presents the results of tests on the spheroidising treatment of vanadium carbides VC done with magnesium master alloy and mischmetal. It has been proved that the introduction of magnesium master alloy to an Fe-C-V system of eutectic composition made 34% of carbides crystallise in the form of spheroids. Adding mischmetal to the base alloy melt caused 28% of the vanadium carbides crystallise as dendrites. In base alloy without the microstructure-modifying additives, vanadium carbides crystallised in the form of a branched fibrous eutectic skeleton. Testing of mechanical properties has proved that the spheroidising treatment of VC carbides in high-vanadium cast iron increases the tensile strength by about 60% and elongation 14 - 21 times, depending on the type of the spheroidising agent used. Tribological studies have shown that high-vanadium cast iron with eutectic, dendritic and spheroidal carbides has the abrasive wear resistance more than twice as high as the abrasion-resistant cast steel.
10
Content available Abrasive wear resistance of cast iron with precipitates of spheroidal VC carbides
Kawalec M., Olejnik E.
Archives of Foundry Engineering
|
2012
|
Vol. 12, iss. 2
221-226
EN
The paper presents the results of abrasive wear resistance tests carried out on high-vanadium cast iron with spheroidal VC carbides. The cast iron of eutectic composition was subjected to spheroidising treatment using magnesium master alloy. The tribological properties were examined for the base cast iron (W), for the cast iron subjected to spheroidising treatment (S) and for the abrasion-resistant steel (SH). Studies have shown that high-vanadium cast iron with both eutectic carbides and spheroidal carbides has the abrasion resistance twice as high as the abrasion-resistant cast steel. The spheroidisation of VC carbides did not change the abrasion resistance compared to the base high-vanadium grade.
11
Content available The spheroidisation of VC carbides in high-vanadium cast iron
Kawalec M.
Archives of Foundry Engineering
|
2011
|
Vol. 11, iss. 3 spec.
111--116
EN
High-vanadium cast iron is a type of white cast iron, in which a regular fibrous γ + VC eutectic with about 20 vol.% of vanadium carbides crystallises. The paper presents the results of research during which the high-vanadium cast iron was subjected to spheroidisation treatment with magnesium Elmag 5800 master alloy. The purpose of this operation was to obtain the VC carbides of a spheroidal shape. The study also included metallographic examinations and testing of mechanical properties carried out on high-vanadium cast iron of a eutectic composition in as-cast condition and after the spheroidising treatment. The attempt to spheroidise the vanadium carbides has proved to be quite successful. The introduction of magnesium alloy has made nearly one half of the crystallised vanadium carbides acquire a spheroidal shape. The, obtained in this way, high-vanadium cast iron with vanadium carbides of a spheroidal shape showed very high mechanical and plastic properties. The tensile strength Rm increased by 60% compared to the as-cast alloy, while ductility increased more than twenty times. The presented results are based on the initial trials, but further studies of this new material are planned, mainly to check its resistance to abrasion, to impacts and corrosion. Tests are also planned to increase the fraction of spheroidal carbides and measure the effect of their content on the mechanical and tribological properties.
12
Content available remote Compression effect and the structure of liquid eutectic
Prokhorenko V., Prokhorenko S., Mudry S.
Archives of Foundry Engineering
|
2011
|
Vol. 11, iss. 2
109-112
EN
Experimentally investigated the temperature dependence of the density and thermoelectric power of the eutectic melt. Based on the results and structural modeling, to explain the effect of compression in the melt and the principles of complex alloying.
13
Content available remote Tensile Strength and Microstructure in Directionally Crystallized Al-CuAl2 Eutectic Alloy
Góral A., Jura J., Piątkowski A.
Archives of Metallurgy and Materials
|
2010
|
Vol. 55, iss. 1
281-285
EN
In the study the morphology and the microtexture developed in the eutectic Al-CuAl2 alloy obtained at three different rates of the directional crystallization were investigated in correlation with the tensile strength changes. The orientations of (Al) and CuAl2 phases in the piane perpendicular to the direction of crystallization and the orientation relationships in the areas near the Al/CuAl2 interface were determined using the orientation mapping with the application of the formalisms of a quantitative texture analysis. The observed morphology and microstructure were dependent on the crystallization ratę. Tensile strength was found to increase with the increasing crystallization rate.
PL
W pracy analizowano morfologię oraz mikroteksturę w korelacji ze zmianami wytrzymałości na rozciąganie eutektycznego stopu Al-CuAl2 otrzymanego w procesie kierunkowej krystalizacji z trzema różnymi prędkościami. Przy wykorzystaniu mikroskopii orientacji oraz formalizmów ilościowej analizy tekstur określono orientację faz (Al) i CuAl2 w płaszczyźnie prostopadłej do kierunku krystalizacji oraz relacje orientacji faz przy powierzchni międzyfazowej Al/Cu Al2. Stwierdzono, że wzrost prędkości krystalizacji powoduje podwyższenie wytrzymałości na rozciąganie.
14
Content available remote White and gray solidification of the Fe-C eutectic
Trepczyńska-Łent M.
Archives of Foundry Engineering
|
2009
|
Vol. 9, iss. 3
201-204
EN
The mechanism of structure transition from stable to metastable eutectic is the object of the publication. The influence of micro-segregation elements on forming different phase, growth undercooling and growth rates was determined. Also competitive growth of both eutectic in alloys Fe-C was introduced.
15
Content available remote Effect of silicon on the structure and mechanical properties of high-vanadium cast iron
Fraś E., Kawalec M.
Archives of Foundry Engineering
|
2009
|
Vol. 9, iss. 3
231-234
EN
The results of microstructural examinations and mechanical tests carried out on Fe-C-V and Fe-C-V-Si alloys solidifying in volumetric mode, containing 1,38--1,83%C, 6,76-14,72%V and 1,05-3,69 Si, have been reported. The eutectic crystallising in Fe-C-V alloys is composed of ferrite and vanadium carbides of the VC1-x type, and as such is included in the group of fibrous eutectics. Introducing silicon additions to the Fe-C-V system changes the geometry of the solidifying eutectic from fibrous to complex regular, and the shape of primary carbides from non-faceted dendrites to the faceted ones. It has been proved that the tensile strength Rm, proof stress R0,2, unit elongation A5 and hardness HV30 depend mainly on the type of alloy matrix. It has also been proved that adding silicon to Fe-C-V alloys may increase the hardness HV30 by about 24% and the tensile strength Rm by as much as 40%, with simultaneous 80% reduction of the unit elongation A5.
16
Content available remote Abrasive wear resistance of high-vanadium cast iron
Kawalec M., Fraś E.
Archives of Foundry Engineering
|
2009
|
Vol. 9, iss. 4
103-108
EN
The study presents the results of tribological tests made on Fe-C-V and Fe-C-V-Si alloys undergoing volume solidification and containing carbon in a range of 1,43-2,58%, vanadium in a range of 5,34-14,77%, and silicon in a range of 1,06-3,69%. The, crystallising in Fe-C-V alloys, eutectic is composed of ferrite and vanadium carbides of the VC1-x type, and as such is included in the group of fibrous eutectics. Introducing silicon additions to the Fe-C-V system changes the geometry of the crystallising eutectic from fibrous into complex regular, while the shape of the primary carbides crystallising as non-faceted-non-faceted dendrites changes into a faceted form. It has been proved that the type of matrix has also a very important effect on the abrasive wear behaviour. The possibility has been indicated to manufacture Fe-C-V alloys with matrix containing lamellar pearlite, characterised by the abrasive wear resistance comparable to that of Hadfield cast steel. It is also possible to make alloys which will have the matrix composed of a mixture of lamellar and granular pearlite, or of a mixture of lamellar pearlite and cementite, and in this case their abrasive wear resistance will be superior to that of Hadfield cast steel. Within the examined range of chemical compositions, the addition of silicon has been reported to reduce the abrasive wear resistance.
17
Content available remote Solidification with back-diffusion of irregular eutectics
Trempczyńska-Łent M.
Archives of Foundry Engineering
|
2008
|
Vol. 8, iss. 3
117-120
EN
The definition of the [alpha] - parameter back-diffusion has been introduced in the work. The alternative models of solidification were described taking into consideration back-diffusion process. The possibility of using those models for eutectic alloys solidification is worthy of interest.
18
Content available remote Wpływ wanadu na własności wytrzymałościowe żeliwa
Kawalec M., Fraś E.
Archiwum Odlewnictwa
|
2006
|
R. 6, nr 21/1
395-400
PL
W pracy przedstawiono wyniki badań wytrzymałościowych żeliwa białego a w szczególności stopów Fe-C-V o zmiennej zawartości C w zakresie 1,5 - 2,56% oraz V w zakresie 13 – 7%. Wykazano, ze wytrzymałość na rozciaganie Rm, umowna granica plastyczności R0,2, wydłużenie względne A oraz twardość HV30 zależy głównie od rodzaju osnowy stopów. W przypadku osnowy ferrytycznej: Rm = 433-580 MPa, R0,2 = 185-330 MPa, A = 5.5-7.2%, HV30 = 191-199, zaś perlitycznej: Rm = 618-839 MPa, R0,2 = 366-655 MPa, A = 0,7-4,9%, HV30 = 307-438.
19
Content available remote Wpływ wanadu na kształtowanie struktury żeliwa
Kawalec M., Fraś E.
Archiwum Odlewnictwa
|
2006
|
R. 6, nr 18/2
57--64
PL
W pracy przedstawiono wyniki badań mikrostruktury stopów Fe–C–V o zmiennej zawartości C w zakresie 1,5 – 4,33% i V w zakresie 13 – 7%. Szczególną uwagę zwrócono na stopy okołoeutektyczne. Powstająca w nich eutektyka zaliczana jest do grupy włóknistych eutektyk regularnych ścianowo–nieścianowych. Obecność silnie węglikotwórczego wanadu jest przyczyną tworzenia się węglików wanadu typu VC1-x.
EN
This article presents results of investigations of microstructure the Fe-C-V alloys with different carbon and vanadium content ranges from 1,5 to 4,33 % of C and 13 to 7% of V. Attention was paid to near-eutectic alloys in particular. Arising eutectic is rated as fiber regular eutectic of faced-nonfaced group. Presence of strongly carbide formation vanadium is the reason to create of vanadium carbides of the VC1-x type.
20
Content available remote Wpływ krzemu na strukturę żeliwa wysokowanadowego
Kawalec M., Fraś E.
Archiwum Odlewnictwa
|
2006
|
R. 6, nr 21/1
389-394
PL
W pracy przedstawiono wyniki badań mikrostruktury stopów Fe-C-V oraz Fe-C-V-Si, krystalizujących w sposób objętościowy, o zawartości węgla w zakresie 1,5%, wanadu w zakresie 15-17% i krzemu w zakresie 1-3%. Powstająca w stopach Fe-C-V eutektyka, składa się z ferrytu i węglików wanadu typu VC1-x, i jest zaliczana do grupy eutektyk włóknistych. Wprowadzanie do układu Fe-C-V dodatków krzemu zmienia geometrię krystalizujęcej eutektyki z włóknistej na złożoną regularnie oraz węglików pierwotnych w postaci dendrytów nieściano-nieścanowych na dendryty ścianowe.
EN
In the paper microstructural evaluation of Fe-C-V as well as Fe-C-V-Si alloys are made. Volumetric solidification of alloys containing of carbon: 1,5%, vanadium: 7–15% and silicon 1–3% was studied. In particular, effect of silicon on primary and secondary microstructure these alloys has been investigated. It was stated that silicon changes kind of eutectic from fiber nonfaceted-nonfaceted to complex regular and morphology of primary carbides from nonfaceted dendrites to faceted dendrites.
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