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1
Content available Protecting Melted Zinc-Aluminium based Foundry Alloys Against Hydrogen Pick-Up
Krajewski W. K., Piwowarski G., Krajewski P. K.
Archives of Metallurgy and Materials
|
2014
|
Vol. 59, iss. 2
753--755
EN
The paper is devoted to examinations of the refining efficiency of fluxes and refiners applied during melting of zinc and zinc-aluminium alloys. The content of gases, mainly hydrogen, in the alloys not protected during the charge melting and in the ones protected with the fluxes and/or refined is discussed. The performed examinations show that using the protecting fluxes and melt-refining before pouring leads to significant improvement of ductility in Zn and binary Zn-Al alloys as well as significant increase of the material clearness confirmed by increased density. Furthermore, the metallurgical yields are also increased.
PL
Praca poświęcona jest badaniom rafinacyjnej skuteczności żużli ochronnych i rafinatorów stosowanych w technologii przetapiania cynku oraz stopów cynk-aluminium. Wykonane badania wykazały, iż Zn i stopy podwójne Zn-Al przetapiane pod żużlami ochronnymi oraz przerafinowane przed odlaniem do formy wykazują zwiększoną plastyczność i zwiększoną czystość, potwierdzoną podwyższoną gęstością masy. Dodatkowo, wzrastają uzyski metalurgiczne.
2
Content available remote Microstructure investigations of cast Zn-Al alloys
Krupińska B., Rdzawski Z., Krupiński M., Labisz K.
Journal of Achievements in Materials and Manufacturing Engineering
|
2013
|
Vol. 61, nr 1
12--19
EN
Purpose: The goal of he presented investigations was to evaluate to possibility of application of popular modifiers for chosen types of zinc alloys. The special aim of this work is to determine the influence of alloy modification on the crystallisation kinetics and microstructure of the cast zinc alloy. This research work presents also the investigation results of derivative thermoanalysis performed using the UMSA device. The material used for investigation was the ZnAl8Cu1 alloy. Design/methodology/approach: For phase determination there were used electron microscope techniques like SAD diffraction investigations which were carried out on the 200 kV transmission electron microscope. The UMSA (Universal Metallurgical Simulator and Analyser) device allows it to determine the specific melting process, influence of the cooling rate on the crystallization of phases and eutectics of the investigated alloys. Cooling rate influences the microstructure and properties of the investigated zinc cast alloys. Findings: Change of the crystallization kinetics allows it to produce materials with improved properties, which are obtained by: microstructure refinement, reduction or elimination of segregation. Research limitations/implications: The material was examined metallographically and analysed qualitatively using light and scanning electron microscope as well as the area mapping and point-wise EDS microanalysis. The performed investigation are discussed for the reason of an possible improvement of thermal and structural properties of the alloy. Practical implications: The investigated material can find its use in the foundry industry; an improvement of component quality depends mainly on better control over the production parameters. Originality/value: Investigations concerning the development of optimal chemical composition and production method of zinc-aluminium alloys with selected rare earth metals with improved properties compared to elements made of alloys with appliance of traditional methods, will contribute to a better understanding of the mechanisms influencing the improvement of functional properties of the new.
3
Content available remote Microstructure investigations of cast Zn-Al alloys
Krupińska B., Rdzawski Z., Krupiński M., Labisz K.
Journal of Achievements in Materials and Manufacturing Engineering
|
2013
|
Vol. 60, nr 1
15--22
EN
Purpose: The goal of the presented investigations was to evaluate to possibility of application of popular modifiers for chosen types of zinc alloys. The special aim of this work is to determine the influence of alloy modification on the crystallisation kinetics and microstructure of the cast zinc alloy. This research work presents also the investigation results of derivative thermoanalysis performed using the UMSA device. The material used for investigation was the ZnAl8Cu1 alloy. Design/methodology/approach: For phase determination there were used electron microscope techniques like SAD diffraction investigations which were carried out on the 200 kV transmission electron microscope. The UMSA (Universal Metallurgical Simulator and Analyser) device allows it to determine the specific melting process, influence of the cooling rate on the crystallization of phases and eutectics of the investigated alloys. Cooling rate influences the microstructure and properties of the investigated zinc cast alloys. Findings: Change of the crystallization kinetics allows it to produce materials with improved properties, which are obtained by: microstructure refinement, reduction or elimination of segregation. Research limitations/implications: The material was examined metallographically and analysed qualitatively using light and scanning electron microscope as well as the area mapping and point-wise EDS microanalysis. The performed investigation are discussed for the reason of an possible improvement of thermal and structural properties of the alloy. Practical implications: The investigated material can find its use in the foundry industry; an improvement of component quality depends mainly on better control over the production parameters Originality/value: Investigations concerning the development of optimal chemical composition and production method of zinc-aluminium alloys with selected rare earth metals with improved properties compared to elements made of alloys with appliance of traditional methods, will contribute to a better understanding of the mechanisms influencing the improvement of functional properties of the new.
4
Content available remote Light and electron microscope investigations of cast Zn-Al alloys
Krupińska B., Rdzawski Z., Labisz K.
Archives of Materials Science and Engineering
|
2012
|
Vol. 55, nr 1
29-36
EN
Purpose: The aim of this work is to determine the influence of alloy modification on the crystallisation kinetics and microstructure of the cast zinc alloy. This research work presents also the investigation results of derivative thermoanalysis performed using the UMSA device. The material used for investigation was the ZnAl8Cu1 alloy. Design/methodology/approach: approach The UMSA (Universal Metallurgical Simulator and Analyser) device allows it to determine the specific points of the solidifying alloy, including: Influence of the chemical concentrations of the modifiers, alloying additives, parameters of the melting process, influence of the cooling rate on the crystallization of phases and eutectics of the investigated alloys. Cooling rate influences the microstructure and properties of the investigated zinc cast alloys. For phase determination electron diffraction investigations were performed carried out on the transmission electron microscope. Findings: Change of the crystallization kinetics allows it to produce materials with improved properties, which are obtained by: microstructure refinement, reduction or elimination of segregation. Research limitations/implications: The material was examined metallographically and analysed qualitatively using light and scanning electron microscope as well as the area mapping and point-wise EDS microanalysis. The performed investigation are discussed for the reason of an possible improvement of thermal and structural properties of the alloy. Practical implications: The investigated material can find its use in the foundry industry; an improvement of component quality depends mainly on better control over the production parameters. Originality/value: Investigations concerning the development of optimal chemical composition and production method of zinc-aluminium alloys with selected rare earth metals with improved properties compared to elements made of alloys with appliance of traditional methods, will contribute to a better understanding of the mechanisms influencing the improvement of functional properties of the new.
5
Content available remote Cooling rate influence on microstructure of the Zn-Al cast alloy
Krupińska B., Dobrzański L., Labisz K., Rdzawski Z.
Archives of Materials Science and Engineering
|
2010
|
Vol. 43, nr 1
13-20
EN
Purpose: In this work was presented the cooling rate influence on microstructure of the Zn-Al cast alloy. This research work presents also the investigation results of derivative thermoanalysis performed using the UMSA device. The material used for investigation was the ZnAl4Cu1 alloy. Design/methodology/approach: Moreover the analysis of cooling rate influence on the derivative curve changes was performed as a result of the measured crystallisation kinetic changes. For the assessment of the cooling rate influence on the mechanical properties also hardness measurements were performed using the Rockwell hardness device. Findings: The treated sample is without holes, cracks and defects as well as has a slightly higher hardness value compared to the as-cast material. Research limitations/implications: The material was examined metallographically and analyzed qualitatively using light and scanning electron microscope as well as the area mapping and point-wise EDS microanalysis. The performed investigation are discussed for the reason of an possible improvement of thermal and structural properties of the alloy. Practical implications: The investigated material can find its use in the foundry industry; an improvement of component quality depends mainly on better control over the production parameters. Originality/value: This work provides better understanding of the thermal characteristics and processes occurred in the new developed alloy. The achieved results can be used for liquid metal processing in science and industry and obtaining of a required alloy microstructure and properties influenced by a proper production conditions.
6
Content available remote Diagnozowanie procesów krystalizacji metali nieżelaznych stosowanych w budowie maszyn
Dudyk M.
Archiwum Odlewnictwa
|
2006
|
R. 6, nr 18/1
77--84
PL
W artykule przedstawiono wyniki badań procesów krystalizacji stopów: aluminium – (AK9, AK65, AK132), miedzi – (MO5, B555) i cynku – Z41. Przebieg procesów krystalizacji zarejestrowano w postaci zapisu graficznego krzywych termicznych t = f(τ) i przewodności elektrycznej σ = f(τ) oraz ich pierwszych pochodnych. Opracowane programy komputerowe pozwalają określić – w charakterystycznych punktach (pikach) – na krzywych krystalizacji powstające fazy tworzące strukturę odlewu. Przeprowadzona analiza wartości liczbowych – zaznaczonych kursorami – umożliwia określenie stopnia uszlachetnienia badanych stopów.
EN
The paper presents the result of research on processes of crystallisation of alloys: aluminium – AK9, AK64, AK132; copper – MO59, B555 and zinc – Z41. The processes of crystallisation ware registered in graphical notation of thermal curves – t=f(τ) and electrical conductivity - σ = f(τ) as well as their first derivatives. Developed computer programs enable to determine – in characteristic points (peaks) of crystallisation curves – the phases building the structure of the cast. The carried out analysis of numerical values – marked with cursors – enables to determine the degree of purification of alloys.
7
Content available remote Wpływ temperatury kokili i hamowania skurczu w odlewach ze stopów aluminium i cynku na emisję akustyczną
Golec M., Golec Z., Hajkowski M.
Archiwum Technologii Maszyn i Automatyzacji
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2005
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Vol. 25, nr 1
23-30
PL
W artykule przedstawiono wyniki badań krzepnięcia odlewów ze stopów AlSi8,6 i ZnA13,9 na podstawie analizy wykresów czasowych sumy zdarzeń emisji akustycznej. Z porównania wykre-sów czasowych sumy zdarzeń emisji akustycznej i krzywych stygnięcia wynika, że obserwacja emisji akustycznej pozwala określić koniec krzepnięcia badanego obszaru. Temperatura początkowa kokili i hamowanie skurcz liniowego w odlewie mają wpływ na wartość sumy zdarzeń emisji akustycznej, przy czym intensywność wpływu hamowania skurczu linowego jest większa w odlewach ze stopu AlSi8,6 niż ZnA13,9.
EN
The paper presents the results of investigation of time runs of sum of events of acoustics emission and cooling curves in solidification process of AlSi8,6 and ZnA13,9 alloys castings. Comparison the cooling curves and time runs of acoustics emission sums of events follows that it is possible to determine the end of solidification using the acoustics emission in studied domain. The initial temperature of permanent mould has the influence on the value of sums of events of acoustics emission. Hindering of linear shrinkage in castings has high influence on the value of sums of events of acoustics emission, the volume of that influence is higher in castings made of A1Si8.6 than ZnA13,9.
8
Content available remote Artystyczne i użytkowe odlewy wykonane ze stopu ZnAl metodą odlewania odśrodkowego do form gumowych
Żółkiewicz M., Madej W., Karwiński A., Żółkiewicz Z.
Archiwum Odlewnictwa
|
2004
|
R. 4, nr 11/2
326--331
PL
W ostatnich latach obserwuje się tendencję do wykorzystania technologii odlewania odśrodkowego oraz form plastycznych do wykonywania odlewów ze stopów niskotopliwych. W referacie opisano próby i badania wykonania odlewów artystycznych ze stopów cynku i ołowiu metodą TEKCAST. Próby i badania przeprowadzono przy wykorzystaniu posiadanego w Instytucie Odlewnictwa urządzenia TEK-I 00-A. Parametry technologiczne określane zostały w trakcie prób i badań. Jednym z podstawowych parametrów, decydujących o prawidłowym przebiegu procesu odlewania odśrodkowego o pionowej osi wirowania do form gumowych, są: materiał formy, parametry wulkanizacji, czas nalewania i krzepnięcia metalu, system odpowietrzenia formy. W referacie przedstawiono urządzenie oraz odlewy wykonane metodą odlewania odśrodkowego.
EN
Recently, a tendency has been observed to use the technology of centrifugal casting and dies made of plastics in production of castings from alloys characterised by a low melting point. The present paper describes the attempts and trials amining at the production of decorative castings from zinc and lead alloys by a TEKCAST process. The trials and investigations were made on a TEK-100-A device available at the. Foundry Research Institute in Cracow. During these trials and investigations the technological parameters of the casting process were established. The main parameters which determine the correct run of the process of centrifugal casting into rubber dies with vertical axis of spinning are as follows: die material, parameters of the vulcanisation process, metal pouring and solidification time, and the die venting system. The paper describes the device and the castings made by centrifugal process.
9
Content available remote Structural research of the (Al, Zn)-Ti master alloy for high-aluminium zinc foundry alloys grain refinement
Krajewski W.
Krzepnięcie Metali i Stopów
|
1998
|
nr 38
91--96
EN
The subject of this paper comprises structural examination of Zn-Al-Ti master alloy designated for Zn-Al foundry alloys grain refinement. On the basis of X-ray diffractometry and X-ray microanalysis it was stated that the examined master alloy consists mainly of ZnAl solid solution matrix and ternary Ti-Al-Zn intermetallics. The intermetallics show L12 crystal structure with Ti(Al,Zn)3 stoichiometry and lattice parameter very close to that of the &alpha' phase. These features make the master alloy a promissing grain-refiner of the &alpha' dendrites in Zn-Al foundry alloys poured into sand moulds.
PL
W pracy przedstawia się wyniki strukturalnych badań zaprawy (Zn, Al)-Ti, przeznaczonej do modyfikacji wysoko-aluminiowych stopów cynku. Na podstawie badań rentgenowskich, tj. dyfraktometrii rentgenowskiej oraz mikroanalizy rentgenowskiej ustalono, iż badana zaprawa składa się z dendrytycznej osnowy stałego roztworu cynku w aluminium oraz wydzieleń międzymetalicznej fazy złożonej z Ti, Al i Zn. Faza międzymetaliczna wykazuje skład odpowiadający formule Ti(Al, Zn)3 oraz regularną budowę krystaliczną typu L12 , której parametr sieci jest bardzo zbliżony do parametru sieci fazy &alpha'. Podobieństwa te pozwalają przypuszczać, iż badana zaprawa będzie dostarczać modyfikowanym stopom efektywnych katalizatorów heterogenicznego zarodkowania fazy &alpha'.
10
Content available remote Effectiveness of Zn-Al foundry alloys grain-refinement by the (Al, Zn)-Ti master alloy
Krajewski W.
Krzepnięcie Metali i Stopów
|
1998
|
nr 38
87--90
EN
The present paper comprises results of examination of the Zn-Al foundry alloys grain-refinement by the (Zn,Al)-Ti modifying master alloy. On the basis of thermal analysis and microscopic examinations it was stated that the examined master alloy introduced into Zn-25wt%Al alloy causes a decrease of the alloy undercooling, changes in the course of the crystallization process measured by intensity of the crystallization heat emission, refinement of macrostructure as well as significant refinement of the primary dendrites of α' ZnAl solid solution.
PL
W pracy przedstawia się wyniki badania efektywności zaprawy modyfikującej (Zn,Al)-Ti, zastosowanej w celu rozdrobnienia struktury odlewniczych stopów Zn-Al. Na podstawie termicznej analizy oraz badań mikroskopowych stwierdzono, iż modyfikacja stopu Zn-25%wag.Al badaną zaprawą powoduje zmniejszenie przechłodzenia, zmiany w intensywności wydzielania się ciepła krystalizacji, rozdrobnienie makrostruktury oraz znaczne rozdrobnienie pierwotnych dendrytów α' stałego roztworu cynku w aluminium.
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