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1
Rozdrabianie struktury motoryzacyjnego stopu AISi7Mg mieszaninami soli i zaprawą AITi5B - wpływ na czystość stopu i wybranie właściwości użytkowe
Janus Arkadiusz, Zych Jerzy S., Smorawiński Zdzisław
Przegląd Odlewnictwa
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2020
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Vol. 70, nr 3-4
76--81
PL
W pracy przedstawiono wyniki badań prowadzonych w warunkach przemysłowych. Badania dotyczą wieloparametrowej ocenę skuteczności działania mieszanin technicznych soli modyfikujących stop AISi7Mg - tzw. rozdrabniaczy ziaren. Mieszaniny soli są wytwarzane przez grupę producentów i stanowią ofertę przemysłową. Porównano skuteczność działania pięciu rożnych mieszanin soli barowych i tytanowych oraz zaprawy modyfikującej AITi5B. Sole wprowadzano do kąpieli metalowej metodą „na powierzchnie" po utworzeniu na niej leja, na skutek wysokich obrotów rotora rafinacji gazowej. Wszystkie sole zwiększają właściwości wytrzymałościowe stopu po obróbce cieplnej T6 (Rm.Rp02, A5, HB). Równolegle stwierdza się w badaniach, iż technika wprowadzania soli „na powierzchnię'' zwiększa liczbę wtrąceń niemetalowych w stopie. Wtrącenia, w przypadku wytwarzania obręczy kół samochodowych (felg), jeśli zostaną rozmieszczone na powierzchni odlewu, mogą stanowić przyczynę zabrakowania.
EN
The results of tests performed under industrial conditions are presented in the hereby paper. Investigations concern multi-parameter assessments of the efficiency of technological salts mixtures - the so-called grains crushers - modifying the AISi7Mg alloy. Mixtures of salts are produced by a group of producers and constitute the industrial offers. The efficiency of operations of five different mixtures of barium and titanium salts as well as of the AITi5B inoculant, were compared. Salts were introduced to the metal bath by the method: 'on the surface' after making a pouring cap in it, due to a high speed rotor of the gaseous refining. All salts increase strength properties of alloys after the heat treatment T6 (Rm.Rp02, A5, HH). It was also found in tests, that the salts introduction by means of 'on the surface' technique increases the number of non-metallic inclusions in the alloy. If such inclusions remain on the casting surface, they can constitute the reason of the casting rejection, in case of the production of wheel rims.
2
Content available Investigations of the Influence of the Zone of Chills on the Casting Made of AlSi7Mg Alloy with Various Wall Thicknesses
Piękoś M., Zych J.
Archives of Foundry Engineering
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2019
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iss. 1
127--132
EN
The influence of the chill on the AlSi7Mg alloy properties after the heat treatment T6, was realised in the system of the horizontally cast plate of dimensions 160x240 mm and thickness of 10 and 15 m. The cooling course in individual casting zones was recorded, which allowed to determine the solidification rate. Castings were subjected to the heat treatment T6 process. Several properties of the alloy such as: hardness BHN, density, tensile strength UTS, elongation %E were determined. The microstructure images were presented and the structural SDAS parameter determined. The performed investigations as well as the analysis of the results allowed to determine the influence zone of the chill. The research shows that there is a certain dependence between the thickness of the casting wall and the influence zone of the chill, being not less than 2g, where g is the casting wall thickness. The next aim of successive investigations will be finding the confirmation that there is the dependence between the casting wall thickness and the influence zone of the chill for other thicknesses of walls. We would like to prove that this principle is of a universal character.
3
Content available Iron Intermetallic Phases in the Alloy Based on Al-Si-Mg by Applying Manganese
Podprocka R., Bolibruchova D.
Archives of Foundry Engineering
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2017
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Vol. 17, iss. 3
217--221
EN
Manganese is an effective element used for the modification of needle intermetallic phases in Al-Si alloy. These particles seriously degrade mechanical characteristics of the alloy and promote the formation of porosity. By adding manganese the particles are being excluded in more compact shape of “Chinese script” or skeletal form, which are less initiative to cracks as Al5FeSi phase. In the present article, AlSi7Mg0.3 aluminium foundry alloy with several manganese content were studied. The alloy was controlled pollution for achieve higher iron content (about 0.7 wt. % Fe). The manganese were added in amount of 0.2 wt. %, 0.6 wt. %, 1.0 wt. % and 1.4 wt. %. The influence of the alloying element on the process of crystallization of intermetallic phases were compared to microstructural observations. The results indicate that increasing manganese content (> 0.2 wt. % Mn) lead to increase the temperature of solidification iron rich phase (TAl5FeSi) and reduction this particles. The temperature of nucleation Al-Si eutectic increase with higher manganese content also. At adding 1.4 wt. % Mn grain refinement and skeleton particles were observed.
4
Content available Usable Properties of AlSi7Mg Alloy after Sodium or Strontium Modification
Tupaj M., Orłowicz A. W., Mróz M., Trytek M., Markowska O.
Archives of Foundry Engineering
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2016
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Vol. 16, iss. 3
129--132
EN
The paper deals with the effect of microstructure diversified by means of variable cooling rate on service properties of AlSi7Mg cast alloy refined traditionally with Dursalit EG 281, grain refining with titanium-boron and modified with sodium and a variant of the same alloy barbotage-refined with argon and simultaneously grain refining with titanium-boron and modified with strontium. For both alloy variants, the castings were subject to T6 thermal treatment (solution heat treatment and artificial aging). It turned out that AlSi7Mg alloy after simultaneous barbotage refining with argon and grain refining with titanium-boron and modified with strontium was characterised with lower values of representative microstructure parameters (SDAS – secondary dendrite arm spacing, λE, lmax) and lower value of the porosity ratio compared to the alloy refined traditionally with Dursalit EG 281 and grain refining with titanium-boron and modified with sodium. The higher values of mechanical properties and fatigue strength parameters were obtained for the alloy simultaneously barbotage-refined with argon and grain refining with titanium-boron and modified with strontium.
5
Content available The Effect of Refining and the Cooling Rate on Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of AlSi7Mg Alloy
Tupaj M., Orłowicz A. W., Mróz M., Trytek A.
Archives of Foundry Engineering
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2015
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Vol. 15, iss. 3 spec.
83--86
EN
The paper presents results of research on the effect of conventional refining with hexachloroethane and the cooling rate vcool. ranging within the solidification temperature regime from 12.5°C/min to 94.5°C/min on compactness of the material, values of microstructure parameters λ2D, λE, lmaxSi, and mechanical properties Rm, R0,2, A5 of unmodified AlSi7Mg alloy after heat treatment (solution treatment 540°C/6 h/water 20°C and aging 175°C/8 h/air). It has been found that as a result of refining and increased cooling rate, an improvement of material compactness occurred (reduction of the density index by 0.4%) accompanied by a decrease of values of parameters characterizing the microstructure: λ2D by 54.4 μm; λE by 4,6 μm; and lmaxSi by 50 μm. As a result of these changes, the value of Rm increased by about 40 MPa and R0.2 improved by about 36 MPa, while the value of A5 decreased by 1.3%.
6
Content available Influence of the Mould Material Coatings on the Microstructure of AlSi7Mg Alloy
Dybowski B., Poloczek Ł., Jarosz R., Kiełbus A.
Archives of Foundry Engineering
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2015
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Vol. 15, iss. 1 spec.
13--16
EN
Family of the aluminium alloys with silicon addition is an important group of non-ferrous casting alloys. They exhibit very good technological properties, especially castability. Aluminium alloys are known for their low density, which in connection with high mechanical properties and relatively low price create very good structural material. Magnesium addition to the Al-Si alloys enables their age-hardening, resulting in even better mechanical properties. However, formation of the microstructure of the alloy has to be precisely controlled to avoid formation of massive, brittle silicon crystal. Presence of large, platelet-like particles of silicon, dramatically decreases material mechanical properties. Second factor, which must be taken into consideration is casting porosity, which may significantly decrease fatigue life of the element. Many researches consider effect of modification or refining on the microstructure of the castings made from the Al-Si alloys. However there is lack of detailed investigation on the mould components influence on the microstructure. Such components may be protective coatings applied for the mould sand during the gravity casting of Al-Si alloys. Following paper presents results of the research on the influence of applied mould protective coatings on the microstructure of AlSi7Mg sand cast alloy. Five different protective coatings were applied. Macro observations, qualitative and quantitative microstructure evaluation of the AlSi7Mg alloy was conducted during the researches. Results revealed, that application of the coatings does not influence the size and distribution of the α- Al dendrites, however it influences size of Si particles in a significant way. It was revealed that application of water-based coatings affects the heat flow in the mould material-liquid alloy system, thus causing growth of silicon particles.
7
Content available Relation between Porosity and Mechanical Properties of Al-Si Alloys Produced by Low- Pressure Casting
Cais J., Weiss V., Svobodova J.
Archives of Foundry Engineering
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2014
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Vol. 14, iss. 1 spec.
97--102
EN
The aim of the research was to evaluate influence of porosity size on mechanical properties of AlSi7Mg0.3 (EN AC 42 100) alloy before and after thermal treatment. The castings from the same production type (forms used for tires production) were used for the analysis. They were casted using low-pressure casting technology. Since the negative influence of porosity on mechanical properties of Al alloys is generally known that there is no quantitative assessment. The relation of porosity size in the structure of AlSi7Mg0.3 alloy and its mechanical properties is verified and quantified in this research. Static tensile testing has proven the relation between porosity size in a structure of an Al material and its mechanical properties. The image analysis was applied in quantitative measurement of the porosity. The measurement was performed on prepared metallographic specimens. Porosity size is considered as a fraction of pore area to the total area of the analyzed specimen and is taken in percentage. As far as the theoretical part of the issue the possible causes of porosity formation and its influence on particular Al alloy types are described [1, 2, 3].
8
Wpływ szybkości chłodzenia na strukturę siluminu podeutektycznego modyfikowanego sodem
Orłowicz W. A., Tupaj M., Mróz M.
Rudy i Metale Nieżelazne
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2008
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R. 53, nr 7
425-429
PL
Artykuł przedstawia wyniki badań wpływu szybkości chłodzenia podeutektycznego stopu AlSi7Mg na mikrostrukturę i zwartość odlewu. Celem pracy było ustalenie związku pomiędzy szybkością chłodzenia produkcyjnego stopu AlSi7Mg a wskaźnikiem porowatości oraz wartością parametru strukturalnego lambda/E i l/max. Badania wykonano na odlewach klinów wykonanych w masie formierskiej zawierającej u podstawy wnęki ochładzalnik. Stwierdzono, że wzrost szybkości chłodzenia stopu AlSi7Mg wpływa na zmniejszenie wartości analizowanych parametrów. Okazało się, że parametr strukturalny lambda/2D jest bardziej wrażliwy na zmianę szybkości chłodzenia niż parametr strukturalny lambda/E, a parametr strukturalny l/max jest znacznie bardziej wrażliwy na szybkość chłodzenia niż parametr strukturalny lambda/E.
EN
The paper presents the results of a study on the influence of the cooling rate of the AlSi7Mg hypoeutectic silumin microstructure and the cast compactness. The purpose of the study was to determine the relationship between the cooling rate of the AlSi7Mg production alloy void ratio and the value of structural parameters Lambda/2D, Lambda/E and l/MAX. The tests were performed on wedge casts made from moulding sand containing a chill at the cavity base. It was discovered that the cooling rate of the AlSi7Mg alloy influences the decrease in the value of the analyzed parameters. The relationship between the structural parameter Lambda/2D, and the alloy cooling rate is described with the equation [formula], where b and m are equation parameters. The values of [formula] equation parameters obtained in the study are presented against the results of other studies. The obtained results indicate that decreasing the cooling rate from 94.5 degrees of Celsius/min to 12.5 degrees of Celsius/min caused about a three-fold increase in the value of the structural parameter Lambda/2D about 40% increase in the value of the structural parameter Lambda/E and about a four-fold increase in the value of structural parameter l/MAX. The increase in the AlSi7Mg alloy cooling rate results in the decrease in the value of the structural parameter Lambda/2D - the distance between the axes of secondary branches of the alpha(Al) phase dendrites, decrease in the structural parameter Lambda/E - the distance between silicon precipitation in the eutectic and limiting the maximum length of silicon precipitation l/MAX. It occurred that the structural parameter Lambda/2D is more sensitive to the cooling rate change than the structural parameter Lambda/E, and the structural parameter l/MAX is much more sensitive to the cooling rate than the structural parameter Lambda/E. A large difference in the value of alpha(Al) phase dendrites structural parameter Lambda/2D suggests that there were significant differences in the crystallization time in individual cast areas. A small difference in the value of the structural parameter Lambda/E, however, is evidence of low temperature gradients. The increase in the cooling rate in the cast area next to the surface reproduced with a chill caused on increase in the void ratio.
9
Content available remote Wpływ szybkości chłodzenia na parametr strukturalny λ2D modyfikowanego sodem stopu AlSi7Mg
Orłowicz A. W., Tupaj M., Mróz M.
Archives of Foundry Engineering
|
2008
|
Vol. 8, iss. 1 spec.
245--248
PL
Praca przedstawia wyniki badań wpływu szybkości chłodzenia stopu AlSi7Mg na jego mikrostrukturę. Celem pracy było ustalenie związku pomiędzy szybkością chłodzenia produkcyjnego stopu AlSi7Mg a wartością parametru strukturalnego λ2D. Badania wykonano na odlewach klinów wykonanych w masie formierskiej. U podstawy wnęki formy montowano ochładzalnik. Na podstawie badań stwierdzono, że zastosowanie ochładzalników pozwoliło uzyskać prawie ośmiokrotny wzrost szybkości chłodzenia w przypowierzchniowym obszarze odlewu. Stwierdzono, że wzrost szybkości chłodzenia stopu AlSi7Mg wpływa na zmniejszenie wartości parametru strukturalnego λ2D.
EN
Effect of cooling rate of hypoeutectic AlSi7Mg alloy on the casting microstructure are presented. The purpose of this study was an establish a relationship between cooling rate of production AlSi7Mg alloy and the structural parameter λ2D. Tests were carried out on wedge shaped castings with chills, made with sand mould. Based on the results of researches it was found that using of chills permit to increase of cooling rate about 8-times. The rising of cooling rate was found to permit a reduction of structural parameter λ2D.
10
Content available remote Właściwości mechaniczne stopu AlSi7Mg modyfikowanego sodem
Orłowicz W., Tupaj M., Mróz M.
Archives of Foundry Engineering
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2008
|
Vol. 8, iss. 1 spec.
241--244
PL
Praca przedstawia wyniki badań wpływu równoczesnej rafinacji barbotażowej argonem oraz modyfikacji tytanem, borem i sodem na właściwości mechaniczne stopu AlSi7Mg, chłodzonego z różną szybkością. Modelowym odlewem do badań byl odlew klina wykonany w formie piaskowej, zawierającej u podstawy wnęki ochładzalnik. Dla oceny szybkości chłodzenia poszczególnych obszarów odlewu klina w formie montowano termopary Ni-Cr-Ni. Po zalaniu formy ciekłym metalem zarejestrowano zmiany temperatury w czasie, na podstawie których oceniono szybkość chłodzenia stopu w zakresie temperatur likwidus-solidus. Następnie odlewy klina poddano obróbce cieplnej. Z odlewów klinów z obszarów, w których oceniano zmiany temperatury w czasie, wycięto próbki do badań metalograficznych oraz próbki do badań statycznej próby rozciągania. Oceniano parametr strukturalny λ2D - odległość pomiędzy gałęziami dendrytów drugiego rzędu fazy α(Al). Wykonano badania wytrzymałości na rozciąganie, umownej granicy plastyczności oraz wydłużenia. Na podstawie badań stwierdzono, że uzyskana na wysokości odlewu mikrostruktura różniła się parametrem strukturalnym λ2D O ponad 3 razy. Efektem zróżnicowanej mikrostruktury było zróżnicowanie właściwości mechanicznych.
EN
Results of the effect of simultaneous barbotage refining with argon and modification with titanium, boron and sodium on the mechanical properties of AlSi7Mg alloy with various cooling rate are presented. Tests were carried out on wedge shaped sand castings with chill. Ni-Cr-Ni thermocouples were assembled into sand mould to assessing the effect of cooling rate in individual areas of castings. After pouring the cooling rate was measured from temperature vs. time data obtained during solidification in liquidus-solidus range of temperatures. Next castings were heat treated. Samples from analyzed places were cut to metallographic preparation and static tension test. The dendrite arm spacing were measured. Ultimate tensile strength, yield strength, and elongation have been investigated. Based on the results of researches it was found that microstructure has obtained in height of wedge shaped casting differed in structural parameter λ2D about 3-times. Diversified structural parameter λ2D affected on diversity of mechanical properties.
11
Content available remote Wpływ mieszanki egzotermicznej na bazie Na_{2}B_{4}O_{7} i NaNO_{3} na wytrzymałość na rozciąganie stopu AISi7Mg
Lipiński T.
Archiwum Odlewnictwa
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2006
|
R. 6, nr 22
298-303
PL
Eksperyment prowadzono na stopie AlSi7Mg (PN-EN 1706) według planu czynnikowego 2{3} dla trzech zmiennych. Mieszankę egzotermiczną zestawiono z NaNO_{3}, Na_{2}B_{4}O_{7} i Mg (tab.1). Reduktor (Mg) obliczano w oparciu o reakcje chemiczną. Rezultaty zaprezentowano w postaci graficznej. Rysunki 2-7 przedstawiono dla dwóch poziomów zmiennych. Badania określiły wpływ mieszanki złożonej ze składników (tab. 1) na wytrzymałość na rozciąganie stopu AlSi7Mg.
EN
The experiments were conducted on alloy AISi7Mg, following a factor design 2{3} for 3 independent variabIes. Mixtures composed of NaNO_{3}, Na_{2}B_{4}O_{7}, and Mg were used for alloy treatment. The amount of a reducing agent (Mg) necessary to carry out the process was calculated on the basis of chemical reactions. The mass fraction (weight in weight concentration) of individual variabIes is presented in Table 1. Results of study present by graphical forms. Figures 2-7 present tensile strength (Rm) for each variable, at extreme (lower or higher) levels of the other two.
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