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Kamień w architekturze sakralnej i użytkowej Sycylii

Wiszniewska J., Ruszkowski M.

Przegląd Geologiczny

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2018

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Vol. 66, nr 7

444--449

EN

The Sicily island is rich in high quality rock raw materials and has a long historical culture in natural stone production. The resources of limestone, marble, sandstone and basalt in Sicily are huge and exploited for many centuries. Its biggest city centers and historical monuments are adorned with locally quarried marble, limestone and lava stone from the Etna volcano. Exploring the raw materials potential was closely related to the development of first Sicily inhabitants who initially used available natural stones adapting them for their basic needs. The art of using stones - in the field of building structure improvement, and the use of impressive rock varieties in sculpture and art decoration were developed by ancient Greeks, Romans, and later Arabs and Normans who invaded this island. In many Sicilian cities it is possible to trace new objects growing on the older buildings, which are characterized by the invader cultures or new trends in construction. Material culture of stone applied in Sicilian construction and architecture was developed with the emerging styles. For the construction of these historical buildings, a local stone on the island has been used.

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The effect of zeta potential on the sedimentation behavior of natural stone processing effluent

Kurama H., Karaguzel C.

Physicochemical Problems of Mineral Processing

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2013

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Vol. 49, iss. 2

575--586

EN

One of the main problems for the natural stone industry is treatment of huge amount of waste sludge resulting from the cutting and polishing of them to produce slabs or tiles. The effective treatment of this sludge is very important for reducing of the sludge volume and overall operating costs. Previous studies showed that settling rate and water clarity of the supernatant solution can be increased by flocculation process. In this study, detailed electrokinetic studies were performed on the travertine samples received as natural and slurry form. The natural form of the sample was supplied from a travertine quarry while the slurry was taken from the cutting and polishing process wastewater collector pool of the processing plant. The electrokinetic measurements were conducted to find out the effect of suspension pH and the solid content on the surface potential of solid particles show that zeta potential (ζ) of travertine is positive at pH 9.76 over the all solid contents studied in this work. However, ζ of the particles become negative at lower pH values for 1% solid weight content. In contrast, for travertine slurry (6.73% solid weight), different potential variations were determined. The particles were negatively charged between pH 6 and 8. The results highlighted the effect of dissolved specific ions in the waste slurry and sensitivity of ζ to the ionic strength of the solution. The ζ measurements for a raw travertine sample, performed with different amounts of NaCl additions into the solutions, confirmed the above findings. An addition of low amounts of NaCl decreases ζ of the solid surface. Finally, the ζ measurements in the presence of polymer concentration of 0.001% to 0.1 % (wt/vol) clearly indicated that the flocculant molecules are adsorbed extensively on the travertine particles, and increase the surface potential of the particles with increasing reagent concentration.

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Kamień bloczny - aktualne tendencje w zastosowaniu, wydobyciu i obróbce, cz. 2

Kozioł W., Ciepliński A.

Nowoczesne Budownictwo Inżynieryjne

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2012

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Nr 4

82-85

PL

Światowy przemysł kamienia blocznego, chociaż nie zalicza się do dominującej branży górnictwa światowego, wykazuje jednak stałą tendencję wzrostową. Wciągu ponad 30 lat produkcja skał blocznych notuje średnio siedmioprocentową dynamikę wzrostu, a roczne obroty przekraczają 60 mld USD. W Polsce w 2010 r. łączne obroty kamieniami budowlanymi i drogowymi osiągnęły poziom ok. 0,6 mld zł.