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Effect of Soil Moisture on Morpho-Anatomical Leaf Traits of Ranunculus acris (Ranunculaceae)

Kołodziejek J., Michlewska S.

Polish Journal of Ecology

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2015

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Vol. 63, nr 3

400--413

EN

Leaf morphological and anatomical differences between two collection sites in central Poland were examined in tall buttercup Ranunculus acris. We hypothesized that the availability of soil moisture would affect leaf morphological and anatomical traits. The objective of this study was to examine the effect of soil moisture content on: leaf size, epidermal features and on a number of stomatal characteristics in populations of R. acris species. The plants were investigated at sites differing in soil moisture conditions (a dryer upper site and a wetter lower site). Relatively semi-dry and wet sites were identified by plant communities and soil moisture content. We found out that morphological and anatomical leaf traits of R. acris were significantly related to soil moisture content. Leaves from plants growing in the wet site were 26% smaller in size than those from the semi-dry site. The population with smaller leaf area had larger leaf perimeter and higher dissection index. The stomatal index of the leaves sampled in the semi-dry site was higher than that of the leaves sampled in the wet site. Greater leaf thickness in the semi-dry site was primarily the result of increased spongy parenchyma thickness. On the abaxial leaf surface epidermal cell density was significantly higher at the wet site implying more epidermal cells. On the adaxial leaf surface, however, epidermal cell density decreased when plants were exposed to the elevated soil moisture. The results may indicate that soil moisture content influences leaf anatomy and morphology of R. acris. Thus, all these leaf morphoanatomical traits provide a basis for R. acris to reduce water loss from leaves and to balance water use efficiency under reduced precipitation. The present study demonstrates that R. acris can maximize growth in habitats with a wide range of soil moisture availability and such information can be crucial for developing management strategies and predictive models of its spread.

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The Effects of Triazole Compounds on Leaf Morphological and Anatomical Characteristics of Radish (Raphanus Sativus l.)

Sridharan R., Raja S.

International Letters of Chemistry, Physics and Astronomy

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2015

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Vol. 44

90--94

EN

In the present investigation was carried out to find out the impact of Triadimefon (TDM) and hexaconazole (HEX) triazole fungicides on the leaf anatomy of Radish (Raphanus sativus L.) The plant was treated with one litre of aqueous solution containing 20 mg-1 triadimefon (TDM) and 20mg-1 hexaconazole (HEX) on 23,35 and 53, days after sowing (DAS) by soil drenching. The plants were harvested on 30, 45 and 60 days after sowing. The total leaf area, thickness of leaf, number of stomata in lower epidermis, stomatal pore length and width were observed in both control and treatments. Leaves treated with TDM and HEX showed several variations in the anatomical characteristics when compared to the leaves of the untreated control plant of Raphanus sativus.

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Reaction of Phaseolus vulgaris (L.) var. nanus organs to lead stress

Chwil M., Mikuła A.

Chemia i Inżynieria Ekologiczna

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2005

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Vol. 12, nr 4

352-360

EN

Seedlings of Phaseolus vulgaris (L.) var. nanus (Martens) cv. Polka were tested in water cultures at increasing concentrations of PbCl2: 0, 10,20 and 40 mg . dm[to -3]. Plants were grown for 14 days on modified Knop medium (pH = 5.5). Morphological changes of organs in studied plants were observed. Root tolerance index (IT) was calculated. The beginning of side-root zone at 5th, 7th and 14th day of growth was evaluated. Comparative anatomical studies of tissues in hypocotyl and leaves were performed. In the environment polluted with lead, roots excreted large amount of mucilage, they characterized diameter increase and shortening of zones. Increasing Pb concentration in a medium inhibited the formation of mechanical and vascular tissue. On a base of biomass gain, bean's organ sensitivity towards lead may be lined up as follows: roots > leaves > > stem.

PL

Siewki fasoli Phaseolus vulgaris (L.) var. nanus (Martens) odm. Polka badano w kulturach wodnych przy wzrastających stężeniach PbCl2: 0,10,20 i 40 mg. Dm[do -3]. Rośliny rosły przez 14 dni w zmodyfikowanej pożywce Knopa o pH 5,5. W okresie wegetacji obserwowano zmiany morfologiczne organów badanych roślin. Obliczono indeks tolerancji (IT) korzenia. Określono początek strefy korzeni bocznych w 5, 7 i 14 dniu wzrostu. Przeprowadzono porównawcze badania anatomiczne tkanek w hypokotylach i liściach. Korzenie w środowisku skażonym ołowiem wydzielały znaczne ilości śluzu, charakteryzowały się zwiększeniem średnicy i skróceniem stref. Wzrastające stężenie Pb w pożywce hamuje wykształcanie tkanki wzmacniającej i przewodzącej. Wrażliwość organów fasoli na ołów na podstawie przyrostu biomasy można następująco uszeregować: korzenie> liście> łodyga.