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1
Content available remote Sea spray volume flux estimation using joint statistics of wind and waves
EN
This article provides estimates of the sea spray volume flux using joint statistics of wind and waves. This is achieved by combining the sea spray volume flux parameterization proposed by Xu et al. (2021) with the joint statistics of wind and waves provided by Bitner-Gregersen (2015). Both the sea spray volume flux formula and the joint statistics of wind and waves represent conditions for wind waves from the North-West Shelf of Western Australia. The expected value and the variance of the sea spray volume flux for a range of realistic wind and wave conditions are presented, as well as an illustrative example. Comparison is also made with data from Xu et al. (2021) showing a reasonable agreement for the relevant subset of the data.
2
EN
This article addresses the effects of the air-sea drag coefficient on estimation of wind stress based on wind statistics. This is achieved by applying the same wind stress parameterizations chosen by Wrobel-Niedzwiecka et al. (2019) together with mean wind speed statistics from three locations in the North Atlantic and one location in the Northern North Sea. The expected values and the variances of the wind stress are provided. This study is complementary to that of Wrobel-Niedzwiecka et al. (2019), also demonstrating different results depending on the drag coefficient formula used.
EN
Knowledge of the distribution quantiles of precipitation maximum amounts is required in many fields concerning engineering design or hydrological risk assessment. When the number of observation years is small, it is not possible to fit the probability distribution function to maximum values and to calculate quantiles. This paper presents a procedure for calculating the quantiles of the probability distribution of daily precipitation maximums over a year using stochastic convergence of distributions. The distribution series of random variables, defined based on the cut-off sample with the elimination of the smallest values, made it possible to determine the quantiles for times series of order α of the distribution. These values were approximated by a function from the exponential class and then extrapolated to obtain quantiles for the distribution of maxima. The resulting quantile estimates, for short time series, were corrected using the kurtosis of the data used for estimation, which leads to a very large error reduction.
PL
W pracy przedstawiony został relatywnie prosty algorytm dyskretnej optymalizacji konstrukcji ze względu na minimum ciężaru. Zasadnicza idea algorytmu polega na wylosowaniu przekrojów startowych dla rozpatrywanej konstrukcji, a następnie poszukiwaniu prętów o najmniejszym wytężniu. Drugi etap algorytmu to zmniejszenie przekroju pręta z minimalnym naprężniem o jedną pozycję katalogów. Redukcja przekroju prowadzona jest aż do momentu osiągnięcia ograniczeń. Prezentowany algorytm zweryfikowany został na przykładach obliczeniowych o złożoności 10 do 10 i 30 do 8 kombinacji.
EN
A very simple discrete optimization algorithm for minimum structural weight is presented. The main idea consists in assigning initial cross-sections to a given structure, and then searching for its least stressed elements. In the second stage of the algorithm, the cross-section of the element with minimum stress is reduced to the next catalogue entry. Such reduction of cross-sections is continued until imposed bounds are met. The presented algorithm was positively tested on example configurations with complexity of 10 to 10 and 30 to 8 combinations.
EN
Faults in the power system are major cause of voltage sag. Voltage sag in the power system due to fault can be symmetrical or unsymmetrical. For sensitive loads it is necessary to estimate how many times in year the voltage at their terminal will experience sag to avoid tripping of operation. Several stochastic methods for estimation of number of sags are developed in recent years. In different methods of sag prediction there is need to do lengthy programming or calculations. Here PSCAD/EMTDC software package is used to estimate number of sag with uniform distribution of faults along the lines.
PL
W artykule omówiono rozkłady opisujące strumień zgłoszeń pojazdów na skrzyżowaniu z sygnalizacją świetlną. Dokonano równocześnie weryfikacji generatora liczb pseudolosowych, losującego odstępy między zgłoszeniami pojazdów.
EN
The article deals with distribution of the flow of vehicles on the intersection with traffic lights. The generator of pseudo-random numbers drawing the time distances between vehicles has been also verified.
9
Content available remote Metody identyfikacji obiektów - przegląd i stan wiedzy
PL
W pracy przedstawiono podstawowe zagadnienia dotyczące procesu identyfikacji, stan wiedzy z tego zakresu oraz różne metody identyfikacji parametrycznej. Podano wady i zalety ich stosowania.
EN
There are presented the methods of identification of dynamical objects (function regression, stochastic approximation, function correlatio, denisity spectrum, the highest realibity, etc.) with their adventages and disadventages in the paper. Moreover the paper presents historical aspect of identification of objects.
PL
Praca dotyczy optymalizacji matematycznej przy zastosowaniu metody stochastycznej znanej pod nazwą adaptacyjnego przeszukiwania losowego (APL). Opisano w niej rozszerzenia i modyfikacje algorytmu Luusa-Jaakoli (LJ) z artykułu [1]. Wyniki obliczeń testowych świadczą, że zaproponowane modyfikacje zwiększają znacznie niezawodność obliczania optimum globalnego.
EN
The work deals with mathematical optimisation with the use of stochastic method commonly referred to as adaptive random search (ARS). Extensions and modifications of the algorithm presented first in [1] by Luus and Jaakola have been developed. Results of tests proved that these modifications increase largely reliability of obtaining global optimum.
EN
In the paper we give an extention of the Vortex Blob Method to cover axisymmetric flows of of viscous liquid. We also present a simple simulation of a jet flowing into a half-space large tank. This example shows that the method works and that a more reliable numerical simulation can be performed.
PL
W pracy podano rozszerzenie metody "Vortex Blob" na ruch osiowosymetryczny i przedstawiono symulację strugi płynu lepkiego wpływającego do półograniczonego obszaru. Przykład pokazuje możliwości, choć nie jest wyliczony perfekcyjnie.
12
Content available remote 2-D and 3-D analysis of stochastic, elastic soil medium
EN
The paper presents a stochastic description of a three-dimensional soil medium and its modelling under strain conditions. The main aim of the paper of the paper is to work out a computational model enabling incorporation of three-dimensional variability of soil properties into the plane strain state analysis. It is assumed that the soil medium is statitically homogeneous and its mechanical behaviours is governed by the linear elasticity theory. It is also assumed that elastic parameters can be modelled as the multidimensional random fields. The strip foundation on a soil layer in the 3-D and the 2-D strain states is analysed. Stochastic 2-D and 3-D finite element methods, based on the Monte Carlo technique, were used. The analysis performed enables determination of the standard deviatios of components of the stress tensor and the displacement vector for the 3-D state, based on the solution for the 2-D plane strain state. Transfer functions between both states are determined.
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