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A Perceptionist's View on Psychoacoustics

Blauert J.

Archives of Acoustics

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2012

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Vol. 37, No. 3

365-371

EN

Psychoacoustics is traditionally based on a world model that assumes a physical world existing inde- pendently of any observer – the so-called objective world. Being exposed to this world, an observer is impinged upon by a variety of stimuli reaching his/her sensory organs. These stimuli, if physiologically adequate, may cause biological transduction and signal processing in the sensory organs and its afferent pathways in such a way that finally a specific excitation of the cortex takes place, which results in sen- sations to appear in the observer’s perceptual world. The sensations are understood as being subjective, since they require an observer to exist. This world model – also known as (objectivistic) realism – reaches its limits when it comes to explaining more complex phenomena of perception. Thereupon, in this paper, an alternative world model is emphasized and applied to psychoacoustics, namely the perceptionist’s model. Like realism, perceptionism has a long tradition in epistemology. It appears to be suitable to improve our understanding of perceptual organization.

2

Akustyczne kolejowe systemy ochrony zwierząt (podstawy działania)

Stolarski M.

Infrastruktura Transportu

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2011

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nr 3

34-35

PL

Podejmowanie próby sterowania zachowaniami dzikich ssaków jest niemożliwe bez uwzględnienia funkcjonowania i wrażliwości ich narządów zmysłów oraz znajomości ich psychiki. Opisane poniżej zjawiska i procesy stanowią podstawę do skutecznego odpłaszania zwierząt i ptaków. Uważna lektura treści artykułu opartego na wiedzy i doświadczeniu jednego z najlepszych światowych zoopsychologów - profesor Simony Kossak - pozwoli zrozumieć, dlaczego tak właśnie się dzieje. I dlaczego wiele pozornie interesujących w teorii rozwiązań okazuje się całkowicie bezskutecznymi w praktycznym zastosowaniu.

EN

Attempts to control the behavior of wild mammals are impossible without taking into account the functioning and the sensitivity of their sensory organs and the knowledge of their psyche. Described below phenomena and processes are the basis for effective deterrence of animals and birds. A careful reading of the article, based on knowledge and experience of one of the world-renowned Professor Simona Kossak, will help understand why this is happening. And why many apparently interesting in the theory solutions proved to be completely ineffective in practical application.

3

On a class of bone cell-based remodelling laws with spatial fading influence of stimuli

Lekszycki T.

Engineering Transactions

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2001

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Vol.49, iss.2/3

155-164

EN

In the present paper the elms of cell-based bone remodeling laws is considered. The fundamental assumption is that of fading in space influence on actor cells osteocytes functioning as sensors. The actor cells - osteoblasts and osteoclasts are responsible for the changes of bone micro-structure. The model proposed in the previous publications of other authors, is based on the resumption of exponential influence function and density of strain energy as the stimulus to which the osteocytes are sensitive, see [11, 12, 14]. As the result of the adaptation according to such remodeling law the porous material is created. The topology of the micro-structure of this material is dependent on the mechanical loading conditions and the characteristics of the interactions of cells. The aim of the present work was to examine if this phenomenon is characteristic only for this specific law or represents a rather general property associated with the hypothesis of fading influence of the cells. Different influence functions were examined for different functionals selected to represent the stimulus. It follows from the these considerations that the fading influence of the cells plays fundamental role for the remodeling process and the creation of trabecular structure. Such structures were obtained for several adaptation laws based on different influence functions and functionals representing the stimulus. They were compared with the results obtained for the adaptation law proposed and discussed in [11, 12, 14]. The numerical calculations suggest that the idea of spatial fading influence of the cells can be possibly combined in future with the results of the research on the biological mechanisms of the bone remodeling to propose more sophisticated models