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Microplastics Evaluation in Tap Water in Left Side Districts of Mosul City, Iraq

Sultan Mhmood Hameed, Al-Ahmady Kossay K., Mhemid Rasha Khalid Sabri

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2023

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Vol. 24, nr 8

353--362

EN

Microplastics (MPs) are considered as recently identified pollutants in the tap water of Mosul city. Limited studies on the quantity and features of microplastics have been reported. Consequently, this study examined the number and characteristics of MPs in tap water from 16 districts in left side of Mosul city, including 8 districts that receive drinking water from the Alaysar aljadid drinking water treatment plant (AJ-DWTP) and 8 districts that receive drinking water from the Alaysar alqadim drinking water treatment plant (AQ-DWTP). Infrared Fourier-transform spectroscopy (FTIR) and stereo microscopy were used to determine the microplastic abundance, polymer type, and morphology characteristics (colour and shape). The results showed that the abundances of MPs calcualted in tap water in AJ-WDN and AG-WDN were 35 to 70 items/L and 25 to 71 items/L, respectively. The predominant shape of microplastics was fiber and fragment, accounting for 93% of the identified quantities. The most common polymer types were polyvinyl chloride (PVC) (51%) followed by polyamide (PA) (16%). Statistical analysis was conducted on the results using Exel 2019. The microplastic’s risk has been estimated based on the potential risk index of polymers. In both the water distribution networks of AQ and AJ, MPs’ potential risk was significantly similar.

2

Disparity servoing based fast autofocusing method for stereomicroscope

Liu Y., Yu M., Cui L., Jiang G., Wang G., Fan S.

Optica Applicata

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2016

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Vol. 46, nr 4

651--663

EN

A disparity servoing based fast autofocusing method is proposed for stereomicroscopes according to linear relationship between the disparity change in stereomicroscopic images and the move distance of a motorized translation stage. For a certain stereomicroscope, the calibration of a disparity range of clear images at each magnification is implemented offline. After that, the disparity of the stereomicroscopic image is used as an index to represent the sharpness of an arbitrary image. If the disparity does not satisfy the requirement, move steps and direction of a step motor are calculated by utilizing the linear relationship between the disparity change and the move distance of the stage. The iteration will be continued until the disparity of the captured stereomicroscopic image approximates to the clearest disparity. The experimental results show that the proposed method only requires a few iterations and less time to reach the focus position, and the disparity error is less than 0.5 pixel.

3

Badania korozyjne stopu magnezu AZ31 z dodatkiem 4,5% litu

Przondziono J., Hadasik E., Kret A., Walke W., Lalik S.

Hutnik, Wiadomości Hutnicze

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2015

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Vol. 82, nr 9

623--626

PL

W pracy przedstawiono wyniki badania odporności na korozję elektrochemiczną wyciskanego stopu magnezu AZ31 z dodatkiem 4,5% Li. Testy potencjodynamiczne wykonano w roztworach chlorków o stężeniu 0,01¸2 M NaCl. Na podstawie uzyskanych krzywych polaryzacji wyznaczono charakterystyczne wielkości opisujące odporność na korozję wżerową, tj.: potencjał korozyjny, opór polaryzacyjny, gęstość prądu korozyjnego. Przy użyciu mikroskopu stereoskopowego Nikon SMZ745T oraz mikroskopu świetlnego Olympus GX51 dokonano obserwacji powierzchni po ekspozycji stopu w roztworach NaCl w czasie 1¸6 dni. Na podstawie badań stwierdzono występowanie korozji wżerowej dla każdej z próbek wyciskanego stopu AZ31 z dodatkiem litu, niezależnie od czasu ekspozycji i stężenia roztworu.

EN

The study presents the results of resistance to electrochemical corrosion tests of extruded magnesium alloy AZ31 with 4,5% Li additive. Potentiodynamic tests were performed in chloride solutions with concentration of 0,01÷2 M NaCl. On the ground of obtained polarisation curves, typical features describing resistance to pitting corrosion were determined, i.e. corrosion potential, polarisation resistance, corrosion current density. Stereomicroscope Nikon SMZ745T and light microscope Olympus GX51 were used for observation of the surface of the alloy after exposure in NaCl solutions for 1÷6 days. On the ground of the tests presence of pitting corrosion was proved for each sample of extruded AZ31 with lithium additive, irrespective of the time of exposure and solution concentration.

4

Wyznaczanie średnicy zastępczej nieregularnych ziaren złoża stałego metodą optyczną

Rój E.

Inżynieria Chemiczna i Procesowa

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2001

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T. 22, z. 3E

1231--1236

PL

W niniejszej pracy przedstawiono sposób wyznaczania średnic zastępczych ziaren zwłaszcza nieregularnych metodą optyczną. Metoda ta polega na oznaczeniu objętości względnej i powierzchni względnej ziaren zatopionych w strukturze stałej oraz obliczeniu na tej podstawie średnicy zastępczej ziarna. Do oznaczenia objętości względnej wykorzystana została metoda siatkowa, natomiast do oznaczenia powierzchni względnej metoda przypadkowych siecznych w przestrzeni euklidesowej.

EN

In the paper an optical method is suggested to determine a particle mean diameter which may be useful particular for non uniform particles of irregular shapes. The method relies on determination of a relative volume and relative surface of the particles submerged in the e.g. epoxy resin. To determine the relative volume a grid method has been applied, and to determine the relative surface a random secant method has been used.