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Integracja technik geomatycznych w badaniach przyrodniczych na przykładzie kartowania szaty roślinnej Tatr Wysokich

Wężyk P., Wrzodak J.

Roczniki Geomatyki

2005

T. 3, z. 4

209-218

The main goal of the presented work was to prepare an up-to-date digital map of plant cover of the Skoru.niak Reserve and the Roztoka Valley in Polish High Tatras, using photogrammetry, GPS survey and GIS analysis of data gathered from CIR (Color InfraRed) aerial photos (scale 1:10.000). The generation of digital orthophotomap based on the CIR aerial photos and DTM for other working groups in the project, was additional aim of this study. Before the photogrammetrical flight was undertaken, the 34 GCPs were placed in the area of research. Their precise location was measured using Differential GPS methods (the TPN base station in Zakopane). Further work showed the need of measuring additional 14 GCPs, first pre-selected on the enlarged aerial photos and then measured during the field campaign (DGPS). The CIR aerial images with stereo overlay were taken during a photogrammetric flight on September 30th 2002 over the Tatra National Park. The aerotriangulation process made by OPGK Krakow, resulted in 23 stereomodels, which were next used for the 3D mapping of plant cover, using digital photogrammetry station DEPHOS. Types of the plant cover were distinguished with the use of prepared photointerpretation key and the ground truth survey. Generally, three types of polygon features were distinguished: FOREST, NON_FOREST and UNCLASSIFIED. The types were divided next into 11 classes and 38 objects. The total area of 149 objects which belong to the FOREST type was 1.626 hectares (58% of the research area). The 150 objects from the NON_FOREST type, covered an area of 615 hectares (22% of research area). Objects put into UNCLASSIFIED type (snow, shadow areas) covered as much as 20% of the research area. Polygon objects were next encoded (numbers) and the corrected topology of the thematic cover was created (ArcInfo ESRI). The obtained polygon layer was used for GIS spatial analysis with the use of DTM. The final product of the aerial photos processing was an orthophotomap (2.96 GB TIFF), compressed with Enhanced Compressed Wavelet (ECW) algorithm using ER Mapper (ERM), with almost no loss of information, but with the output file with the size of 114.8 MB only. The results of the presented research proved that geomatic technologies integration have an important place in environment studies. The geodata gathered in the project may be used in further GIS spatial-temporal analysis of the plant cover of the Tatra National Park. The presented paper was a part of a scientific research project: .Time and spectral scales of Western Carpathians Norway spruce forest dynamics. granted by KBN 6 P04 F03021