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EN
This report presents the results and analysis of long-term properties of fiber-reinforced cement composite based on waste aggregate. The long-term tests were carried out on the stand proposed by the authors for simultaneously testing three beams with dimensions of 100x200x2900 mm. A total of 8 mixtures of cement composites with aggregate from ceramic waste and waste sand were tested. Three beams were made for each mixture. One without dispersed reinforcement and two with 0.5% and 1.0% fiber reinforcement ratios. As dispersed reinforcement, steel cord and hooked steel fibers were used. The beams were subjected to a four-point bending test. The research was carried out for 1000 days. An optical system was used as an innovative solution in long-term research. Based on the measurements, the creep coefficient in the mid-span of the beams was determined, and the crackings of the beams were analysed. The results obtained using manual measuring devices and the optical system were compared. A good convergence of measurement methods was observed. During the analysis of the results, the coefficients modifying the method for calculating the crack width included in Eurocode 2 were determined.
EN
As steel cord conveyor belts are vulcanized during the production process, rubber penetrates into steel cords. It is a positive and a desired phenomenon allowing the belt to reach its required properties and ensuring its reliable and long operation on the belt conveyor. Advantageously, the rubber compound penetrating into the cord improves the strength of the cord-rubber joint by increasing the active contact surface of the two materials. This fact is of great significance in the view of the steel cord conveyor belt splicing technology, which relies on an adhesive connection between the cord and the rubber. Moreover, filling the inside of the cords with rubber protects against corrosion and has a good effect on their durability. The article presents a laboratory method for testing and evaluating the penetration of the steel cord with rubber. The method has been developed on the basis of numerous laboratory tests, which are also here described. The presented method is reliable and can be used for a broad range of cord diameters and designs. The proposal also includes a quantitative measure of the rubber penetration of cord and the criteria for its identification.
PL
Badania magnetyczne taśm przenośnikowych z linkami stalowymi wykonywane są w Katedrze Transportu Linowego od kilkudziesięciu lat i nadszedł czas na rozwiązanie problemu ich ilościowej oceny bezpieczeństwa, na podstawie wyników badań magnetycznych. W artykule przedstawiono zależności pozwalające na ocenę stopnia zużycia, na przykładzie wybranego producenta taśmy, omówiono aspekty metrologiczne związane z realizowanym procesem pomiarowym, oraz przedstawiono przykłady zarejestrowanych defektów występujących w taśmach eksploatowanych w podziemnych zakładach górniczych. Zwrócono uwagę na charakter rejestrowanych sygnałów pochodzących od uszkodzeń jednobiegunowych (wyrwane linki stalowe), oraz typowych zmian wywołanych pęknięciami drutów, splotek i linek stalowych, określanych jako uszkodzenia dwubiegunowe.
EN
Magnetic testing methods have been widely employed atthe Department of Ropeway Installation and used for inspection of conveyor belts reinforced with steel cords. Extensive research efforts are now focused on quantitative assessment of safety levels basing on magnetic testing data. This study provides the key relationships allowing a reliable assessment of the rope wearing condition, basing on inspections of cords made by a selected manufacturer. Metrological aspects involved in the measurement procedure have been addressed, and defects registered in belts operated in underground mines have been demonstrated. Of major importance are registered signals from unipolar defects (torn wires) and those associated with broken wires, strands and Steel cords, also referred to as bi-polar defects.
PL
W pracy określono wpływ modyfikacji obróbki cieplnej na linii patentowniczej na własności drutów kordowych. Druty po patentowaniu o strukturze perlitycznej oraz bainityczno-perlitycznej o średnicy 1,65 mm przeciągnięto w 19 ciągach na drut o średnicy 0,3 mm. Następnie otrzymane druty spleciono na kord stalowy. Dla drutów końcowych o średnicy 0,3 mm określono wytrzymałość na rozciąganie, liczbę skręceń i liczbę przegięć.
EN
In the paper the influence of modification of heat treatment on patenting line on steel cord properties has been assessed. The patented wires of pearlite structure and pearlite-bainite with a diameter of 1.65 mm in 19 passes into a wire with a diameter of 0.3 mm were drawn. Then, the obtained wires were stranded to a steel cord. For the end wires of 0.3 mm diameter tensile strength, the number of twists and the number of bends was determined.
PL
W pracy określono wpływ technologii splatania kordu stalowego na jego własności mechaniczne. Badania zrealizowano w warunkach laboratoryjnych dla dwóch typów kordu. Stwierdzono, że zastosowanie bezwirnikowej metody splatania kordu stalowego, w odróżnieniu od metody wirnikowej, umożliwia uzyskanie kordu stalowego o lepszych własnościach mechanicznych i zmęczeniowych. Uzyskane wyniki badań mogą znaleźć zastosowanie w przemyśle ciągarskim, przy wdrażaniu nowych technologii produkcji kordu stalowego.
EN
In the paper the influence of the steel cord stranding technology on its mechanical properties has been assessed. Tests were carried out under laboratory conditions on two types of cord. It was found that application of irrotoring lay method of steel cord, in contrast to rotoring lay method, makes it possible to obtained the steel cord having improved the mechanical and fatigue strength properties. The obtained results may find application in the wire industry while implementing the new production technologies of steel cord.
EN
The article focuses on determination of selected material characteristics of samples from different areas of various old passenger tyre casings and on determination of mechanical properties of specific composites with elastomeric matrix and steel reinforcement which are used as steel belts of tyre casing as a sample. These characteristics are used as input data for computational modelling of tyres. It was necessary to carry out various types of experiments to obtain these characteristics. In this article we present the values of the modules of elasticity calculated from the results of DMA tests and static tension tests of samples from old tyre casings and a cohesion test between steel cords and elastomeric matrix. The Mooney-Rivlin parameters, which are necessary input data into computational models of tyres and their parts, were determined from the experimental results. The computational models will be designed to be able to include the effect of aging of the individual tire casing parts. Knowledge of the degradation processes can lead to design and material changes that can increase the resistance of casings against selected forms of degradation processes.
PL
W pracy określono wpływ dwukierunkowego przeginania kordu stalowego na jego siłę zrywającą. Badania zrealizowano w warunkach laboratoryjnych dla trzech typów kordu. Stwierdzono, że zmęczenie kordu stalowego spowodowane dwukierunkowym przeginaniem powoduje spadek jego własności wytrzymałościowych. Uzyskane wyniki badań mogą znaleźć zastosowanie w przemyśle ciągarskim, przy wdrażaniu nowych technologii produkcji kordu stalowego.
EN
In the paper the influence of bidirectional bending on breaking force of steel cord has been assessed. Tests were carried out under laboratory conditions on three types of cord. It was found that bidirectional bending of steel cord causes the deterioration of strength properties and weakening of steel cord as a result of its fatigue. The obtained results may find application in the wire industry while implementing the new production technologies of steel cord.
PL
W artykule przedstawiono wyniki badań laboratoryjnych zamodelowanych uszkodzeń linek stalowych taśm przenośnikowych. Wykorzystano do tego celu doświadczalne stanowisko pomiarowe. Określono wpływ parametrów eksploatacyjnych, właściwości technicznych i metrologicznych urządzenia diagnostycznego na wartości rejestrowanych symptomów zużycia.
EN
The paper presents the results of laboratory tests modeled fault lines steel conveyor belts. Used for this purpose a unique experimental test bench. The effect of operating parameters, technical and metro-logical characteristics of the diagnostic device for the values of recorded symptoms of consumption. These symptoms are indicators of operational reliability of the belt.
PL
W pracy dokonano porównania adhezji do gumy drutów kordowych stosowanych do zbrojenia opon samochodowych z pokryciami mosiądzowymi, brązowionymi oraz cynkokobaltowymi. Przedstawiono również informacje nt. różnych typów kordów stosowanych w oponach.
EN
The comparison of adhesion between rubber and cord wire with coatings of brass, bronze and zinc - cobalt are presented in this article. Some information about tire cord and coatings on wire for cord are also described.
10
Content available remote Lateral Forces Effect on Safety of Driving in Curve
EN
In this contribution we presented measurements of lateral forces on a drum-testing machine. Measurements of lateral forces are introduced in tables and figures in dependence on radial load in different angles directional deviation.
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