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Influence of a non-Explosive Filling Included in the Conical Liner Cavity of a Shaped Charge on its Penetrative Capability

Warchoł Radosław, Żochowski Paweł, Bagrowski Jan, Gędziorowski Maciej, Sałaciński Tomasz

Central European Journal of Energetic Materials

2023

Vol. 20, no. 4

400--416

Based on literature, it can be concluded that the results obtained for partially or fully filled inert (non-explosive) material of the free space inside the cone created by the liner inside a shaped charge (SC), have not been deeply examined. Preliminary results in this work were obtained for SCs taken from the warhead of an anti-tank rocket-propelled grenade, PG-7WM (also known as PG-7VM). The warhead was modified by perpendicular intersection and by inserting an inert, i.e. made from non-explosive, cone. Each of the inert fillers was prepared from one of the three materials: copper (type M1E), steel S355, aluminium (type 2024) or a polymer (polyoxymethylene, POM-C). The densities of these materials were 8.9, 7.86, 2.7 and 1.41 g/cm³, respectively. Each inert cone was tightly placed inside the inner area of the cumulative liner cone of the warhead. For each filler, there were three types of cones. The differentiating feature between the fillers under test was the difference in their height, i.e. 1/3, 2/3 and the full height of the SC cone. In all tests the effect of the impact of the cumulative jet (SCJ) was observed in an arrangement comprised of three adjacent armoured steel plates (ARMSTAL 30PM), with a total target thickness of 25 mm. It was shown that the application of the inert cones caused significant changes in the dimensions and shapes of the holes through the plates of ARMSTAL 30PM armour steel. The relationship between the densities of tested fillers and the height of the cones made with these fillers versus the effects observed in the armour plate were also taken under account. The filling, obtained from non-explosive material, allows a cut off of the relevant section of the front of the SCJ. It was noted that the tested modifications of the anti-tank rocket-propelled grenade, PG-7WM could find some applications in engineering and sapper work, especially in destroying unexploded munitions.

Effect of Welding Technique and Thermal Heatment Parameters on Abrasive Wear of Steel S355

Konat Łukasz, Białobrzeska Beata

Tribologia

2022

nr 3

25--38

The paper presents technological and microstructural aspects of welding and post-weld heat treatment of the S355 constructional steel welded joints. It was found that welding this steel resulted in a wide heataffected zone with diverse microstructures conducive to lower abrasive-wear resistance and worse mechanical characteristics of the steel. In this connection, the welding technique of the S355 steel was suggested, as well as conditions and parameters of the post-weld heat treatment, which made it possible to obtain – in the entire welded joint area – the microstructures characterised by high mechanical properties and increased resistance to abrasive wear. It was shown that the suggested set of technological operations applied to the S355 steel resulted, under laboratory conditions, in a significant increase of relative abrasive-wear resistance, determined by the abrasion test with use of the of loose aloxite 90.

W pracy przedstawiono technologiczne i mikrostrukturalne aspekty wykonywania i obróbki cieplnej połączeń spawanych stali konstrukcyjnej S355. W wyniku przeprowadzonych badań stwierdzono, że zastosowanie do łączenia tej stali procesów spawalniczych prowadzi do powstawania szerokiej strefy wpływu ciepła, charakteryzującej się zróżnicowanymi zmianami mikrostrukturalnymi, sprzyjającymi obniżeniu odporności na zużywanie ścierne oraz pogorszeniu charakterystyki wytrzymałościowej rozpatrywanej stali. W związku z tym, zaproponowano optymalną technologię spawania stali S355 oraz warunki i parametry postobróbki cieplnej, prowadzących do uzyskania w całym obszarze połączenia spawanego mikrostruktur odznaczających się wysokimi parametrami mechanicznymi oraz podwyższoną odpornością na procesy zużycia ściernego. Wykazano, iż przedstawiony w stosunku do stali S355 zakres operacji technologicznych w warunkach laboratoryjnych skutkował znacznym podwyższeniem względnej odporności na zużywanie ścierne, wyznaczonej w warunkach ścierania w obecności luźnego ścierniwa – elektrokorund 90.