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1

Theory and Practice on Non-Probabilistic Data and Analysis: a bibliometric review

Sartori Jeanfrank Teodoro Dantas

Foundations of Computing and Decision Sciences

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2024

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Vol. 49, No. 2

161--180

EN

This bibliometric study aims to summarize the academic landscape of non-probabilistic data research, based on an examination of scientific output indexed in Web of Science and Scopus databases. It employs multiple methods to analyse and describe the collected corpus, including co-authorship and keyword co-occurrence networks to investigate patterns of collaboration and predominant research themes. Co-authorship analysis identified several robust research clusters, while keyword later spotlighted key thematic areas in the field. Countries, types of documents, categories, year of publication, citations and other metrics were also produced, and implications discussed. The findings present a structured overview of the non-probabilistic data research landscape, delineating the research trends, prominent authors, and emerging themes.

2

Statistical Analysis of Properties of Technological Charge and Manufacturing Tolerance of Thin-Walled Sections in Process of Multi-Workstations Roller Bending

Tracz P., Wacławiak Krzysztof, Chrapoński Jacek, Popiel R.

Archives of Metallurgy and Materials

|

2023

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Vol. 68, iss. 2

733--740

EN

The studied collecting electrodes for electrostatic precipitators are cold-rolled formed. Here Sigma 750 open section was manufactured of DC01 steel grade. Length of the electrodes ranged from 8 to 13 meters, all were thin-walled of 1.5 mm. Tolerance of their manufacture is strictly set. A database of material properties, chemical composition, and a set of final tolerance of manufactured profiles has been collected. At first basic statistics for the data has been done. Finally statistical relation between the material composition and profile geometrical tolerance has been studied, next between the material mechanical properties and profile geometrical tolerance has been examined.

3

Empirical research and application of ARIMA-GJRGARCH model on effectively creating Forward Freight Agreement trading signals

Zhao Jingzhou

Zeszyty Naukowe Akademii Morskiej w Szczecinie

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2022

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nr 70 (142)

52--59

EN

This study examines the volatility of the forward freight agreement (FFA) time series in the dry bulk shipping market. Series pattern analysis is first performed to determine the volatility and the characteristics of the unique FFA price time series. It then applies the ARIMA-GJRGARCH model to the Capesize FFA time charter (C5TC) and specific voyage charter one-month contracts (C3, C5 and C7), creating long or short signals, which helps market participants with FFA trading or hedging. In this study, these signals are collected and used to calculate the profit and loss for a specific period. Finally, the model-based return results are compared with the common buy-and-hold strategy. The empirical result suggests that this methodology is effective in generating trading signals, especially in the volatile periods, providing traders with prompt warnings about imminent market shocks. The purpose of the study is to examine whether this volatility-focused method is efficient in modelling FFA time series, and it also provides a handy method that may help market players make more accurate predictions when volatile days arrive

4

Collecting and processing data of network devices impacting system load in terms of monitoring and warning system implementation

Dąbrowski Maciej

Safety and Reliability of Systems and Processes

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2022

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Summer Safety and Reliability Seminar 2022

65--78

EN

Basic information about the network monitoring process is introduced. Two monitoring methods for data collection from network devices are distinguished. Logs and metrics are described as the elements containing information about the current state of the network. A description of metropolitan networks in Poland, the solutions they apply and the specificity of the network are presented. The monitoring systems are discussed in terms of the scope of collected and processed data. The analysis of the collection and processing of network device data and the impact on its load is presented. For this purpose, the statistical data collected by Juniper MX router concerned the system load are processed. Moreover, the measurement metric used and the obtained results for the selected network device are presented. Finally, the conclusions are discussed in terms of monitoring and warning systems implementation.

5

Nauka i technika przemysłu naftowego i gazowniczego w miesięczniku „Nafta-Gaz”

Ciechanowska Maria

Nafta-Gaz

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2022

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R. 78, nr 9

696--705

PL

W czerwcu bieżącego roku minęła 77. rocznica wydania pierwszego numeru czasopisma „Nafta”, ściśle związanego z Instytutem Nafty i Gazu – Państwowym Instytutem Badawczym i jego prawnymi poprzednikami. Czasopismo to miało początkowo podstawowy cel w postaci współuczestnictwa, poprzez popularyzację wiedzy specjalistycznej, w odbudowie zniszczonego przez wojnę przemysłu naftowego. Sam Instytut podlegał wielokrotnej restrukturyzacji, zmieniały się urzędy nadzorujące pracę jednostki, priorytety wydawnictwa, redaktorzy, a miesięcznik „Nafta” nieprzerwanie trwał wiernie, zawsze prezentując zagadnienia istotne dla branży naftowej i gazowniczej, promując transfer wiedzy, wspierając innowacyjne rozwiązania w praktyce przemysłowej. Analiza zmian dotyczących czasopisma na przestrzeni lat była możliwa dzięki zrealizowanemu przez Instytut w latach 2010–2013 projektowi w ramach Programu Operacyjnego Innowacyjna Gospodarka. Zdigitalizowano wówczas najstarsze wydawnictwa przemysłu naftowego znajdujące się w zbiorach Biblioteki Instytutu, a także między innymi egzemplarze czasopisma „Nafta” od nr 1/1945 do nr 12/2008. Wszystkie pozostałe numery były już udostępnione zarówno w wersji analogowej, jak i cyfrowej. Dzisiaj z pewnością należy podkreślić, że duża część zbioru obejmującego czasopismo „Nafta” ma wartość historyczną, archiwalną i naukową. W artykule przedstawiono analizę kształtu merytorycznego „Nafty” w pierwszym okresie jej wydawania. Czasopismo, oprócz krótkich fachowych artykułów pogrupowanych w szeregu działów tematycznych, zawierało wtedy dużo wiadomości z życia branży naftowej, a także z działalności Stowarzyszenia Inżynierów i Techników Przemysłu Naftowego oraz Instytutu. Wiele tych materiałów miało charakter szkoleniowy dla kadry przemysłowej. Część informacji była okresowo wydawana w postaci stałych dodatków do czasopisma, trwale z nim połączonych. Dużą wartość historyczną ma dodatek „Statystyka naftowa Polski”, wydawany od nr 1/1945 do 7–8/1948, zawierający szereg bardzo szczegółowych informacji o prowadzonych bezpośrednio po wojnie wierceniach otworów poszukiwawczych czy eksploatacyjnych, ich lokalizacji czy wielkości wydobycia węglowodorów na terenie Polski. Innym dodatkiem był „Biuletyn Instytutu…”, wydawany w okresie od 1958 r. do 1980 r., dokumentujący postęp prac naukowych w poszczególnych zakładach badawczych czy prac normalizacyjnych na potrzeby branży. Na uwagę zasługuje też „Przegląd Dokumentacyjny Nafty”, który zawierał streszczenia artykułów z najnowszych czasopism zagranicznych czy książek. W sytuacji braku powszechnego dostępu do tej literatury – albo jego znacznego ograniczenia – dodatek ten w okresie swojego wydawania (1953–1975) spełnił swoją rolę. W części Dane statystyczne dotyczące czasopisma omówiono ciągłość jego druku w poszczególnych latach, zwrócono uwagę, że nazwa periodyku zmieniła się tylko jeden raz, poprzez rozszerzenie tytułu do „Nafta-Gaz” (od nr 1/1992), przedstawiono nazwiska redaktorów naczelnych oraz scharakteryzowano zmiany w składzie podmiotów stanowiących organ wydawniczy czasopisma „Nafta”. Na podstawie materiałów opublikowanych w „Nafcie” w okresie od nr 1/1945 do nr 12/1951 uszczegółowiono zmiany restrukturyzacyjne samego Instytutu, w tym dotyczące nazwy i podległości organizacyjnej w początkowym okresie jego działalności.

EN

The 77th anniversary of the first edition of “Nafta” journal, closely related to the Oil and Gas Institute – National Research Institute, and its legal predecessors, was in June this year. Initially, when first published, this journal had a basic goal – participation, via the popularisation of specialised knowledge, in the reconstruction of the oil industry that had been destroyed by the Second World War. The Institute has been restructed many times; the authorities supervising the unit’s operations were changing, as well as the priorities of the publication and its editors, but “Nafta” journal incessantly remained faithful to always presenting issues significant for the oil and gas sector, promoting knowledge transfer, and supporting innovative solutions within the industrial practice. Analysis of changes related to the journal over the years of its publication was possible due to the project carried out by the Institute in the years 2010–2013, under the Operational Programme “Innovative Economy”. At that time the oldest publications of the oil industry existing in the collection of the Institute Library were digitised, including copies of “Nafta” journal from No 1/1945 to No 12/2008. All the other issues were already made available both in an analogue and digital version. It should be emphasise that today a large part of the collection comprising “Nafta” journal has a historical, archival, and scientific value. The paper presents an analysis of the subject-matter profile of “Nafta” in the first period of its publication, which, apart from short professional papers grouped in a number of thematic sections, contained a lot of news from the oil sector life, and also from activities of the Association of Oil Industry Engineers and Technicians, and of the Institute. Many of these materials had a nature of training for the industrial staff. Part of the information was periodically published in the form of permanent supplements connected with the journal. The “Statystyka naftowa Polski” (“Oil statistics of Poland”) supplement, issued from No 1/1945 to 7–8/1948, which contained a large amount of very detailed information about the drilling of exploratory or production wells carried out immediately after the war, their location, or the volume of hydrocarbons production in Poland, has a high historical value. “Biuletyn Instytutu...” (“Bulletin of the Institute...”) was another supplement, published from 1958 to 1980, which documented the progress of scientific work in individual research departments or the standardisation work for the sector’s needs. Another supplement worth mentioning was the “Przegląd Dokumentacyjny Nafty” ("Oil Documentation Review") which contained abstracts of papers from the most recent foreign journals or books. In the situation where there was no easy access to this literature, or it was significantly limited, this supplement fulfilled its role in the period of its publication (1953–1975). The part Statistical Data on the Journal discusses the continuity of its publication in individual years, draws attention to the fact that the journal name has changed only once, by the title expansion to “Nafta-Gaz” (from No 1/1992), presents the names of editors-inchief, and characterises changes in the composition of entities, being the editorial bodies of “Nafta” journal. Based on materials published in “Nafta” in the period from No 1/1945 to No 12/1951, the restructuring changes of the Institute were specified, including names and organisational dependence in the initial period of its activities.

6

Geochemical and multivariate statistical study to assess the salinisation origin of the Remila plain groundwater, Khenchela Algeria

Aouidane Laiche, Belhamra Mohamed, Kheddouma Asma

Journal of Water and Land Development

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2022

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no. 52

145--155

EN

The aquifer system of the Remila plain (Khenchela, Algeria), covering 250 km2, is one of the semiarid regions where groundwater is heavily exploited for urban supply and irrigation. An integrated hydrochemical and statistical analysis was performed on 70 water samples to identify the main processes and the origin of salinisation of our waters. Chemical analyses indicate salinity values (TDS) ranging from 568 to 1586 mg·dm-3 with an average of 869 mg·dm-3, with sulphate being the dominant ions, especially in the north and northeastern parts of the region. The identified chemical facies are SO4-Cl-Ca in the northeastern part, SO4-Cl-Ca-Mg present in most waters, and HCO3-Ca-Mg in the southeastern part. We applied the statistical approach to group the waters into three categories using Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and Hierarchical Clustering Analysis (HCA); 1) saline waters (23%) (TDS > 1000 mg·dm-3 and SO42-dominance), 2) moderately saline waters (51%) with HCO3- dominance, 3) moderately saline waters (26%) with a mixed facies. The binary ion diagrams used suggest that the main hydrochemical processes are: evaporites dissolution and/or precipitation, accompanied by an exchange and/or reverse exchange of ions. Additionally, another process was detected in the northeastern part of the area; the saline intrusion of Sabkha waters, favoured by intensive aquifer exploitation.

7

Aspekt energetyczny działania komór spalania okrętowych turbinowych silników spalinowych

Girtler Jerzy

Journal of Polish CIMEEAC

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2022

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Vol. 17, no 1

44--57

PL

Przedstawiono zmodyfikowaną propozycję wartościowania (ilościowego określenia) działania komór spalania turbinowych silników spalinowych z uwzględnieniem zachodzących w nich oddziaływań energetycznych. Propozycja ta uzupełnia i uściśla rozważania zawarte w publikacji [4]. Przedstawione rozważania bazują na fakcie, że w komorach spalania tego rodzaju silników spalinowych zachodzi przekształcanie energii chemicznej zawartej w dostarczonym do niej paliwie (ściślej – energii chemicznej zawartej w mieszaninie paliwowo-powietrznej powstałej w tej komorze) na energię wewnętrzną spalin i związaną z nią ich energię ciśnienia powstających podczas spalania paliwa. Ta forma przemiany energii została nazwana ciepłem (Q). Ciepło Q odniesione do jednostki czasu t spalania paliwa zostało nazwane strumieniem ciepła (Q). Przyjęto także, że w przestrzeniach między łopatkowych wirnika turbiny zachodzi proces zamiany części energii wewnętrznej spalin, ale tylko tej, którą jest energia kinetyczna ich cząstek będących w ruchu cieplnymi (czyli energia termiczna) i wynikającą z niej energię ciśnienia na energię kinetyczną ruchu obrotowego tegoż wirnika. Zwrócono uwagę, że proces ten może być nieprawidłowy, w przypadku niewłaściwego działania komory spalania. Działanie komory spalania turbinowego silnika spalinowego zostało w tym artykule zinterpretowane, jako przetwarzanie energii chemicznej spalanego paliwa na energię wewnętrzną powstających spalin w ustalonym czasie. Wartościowanie tak rozumianego działania komór spalania tego rodzaju silników spalinowych, zaproponowane w tym artykule, polega na określeniu ilościowym tego działania za pomocą wielkości fizycznej, którą cechuje wartość liczbowa z jednostka miary nazwana dżulosekundą [dżul x sekunda]. Do oceny procesu pogarszania się działania komór spalania dowolnego turbinowego silnika spalinowego zaproponowano podejście statystyczne, w którym zastosowano estymację przedziałową wartości oczekiwanej E(Qt) ciepła w chwili t oraz modele deterministyczny i probabilistyczny oceny działania komory spalania, przy czym do opracowania modelu probabilistycznego zastosowano jednorodny proces Poissona. Wspomniane ciepło jest interpretowane jako forma (sposób) przemiany w komorze spalania silnika energii chemicznej mieszaniny paliwowo-powietrznej na energię wewnętrzną i związanej z nią energię ciśnienia spalin uzyskaną podczas spalania w niej paliwa.

8

Simplicity and learning to distinguish arguments from modifiers

Bergen Leon, Gibson Edward, O'Donnell Timothy J.

Journal of Language Modelling

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2022

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Vol. 10, No. 2

241--286

EN

We present a learnability analysis of the argument-modifier distinction, asking whether there is information in the distribution of English constituents that could allow learners to identify which constituents are arguments and which are modifiers. We first develop a general description of some of the ways in which arguments and modifiers differ in distribution. We then identify two models from the literature that can capture these differences, which we call the argument-only model and the argument-modifier model. We employ these models using a common learning framework based on two simplicity biases which tradeoff against one another. The first bias favors a small lexicon with highly reusable lexical items, and the second, opposing, bias favors simple derivations of individual forms – those using small numbers of lexical items. Our first empirical study shows that the argument-modifier model is able to recover the argument-modifier status of many individual constituents when evaluated against a gold standard. This provides evidence in favor of our general account of the distributional differences between arguments and modifiers. It also suggests a kind of lower bound on the amount of information that a suitably equipped learner could use to identify which phrases are arguments or modifiers. We then present a series of analyses investigating how and why the argument-modifier model is able to recover the argument-modifier status of some constituents. In particular, we show that the argumentmodifier model is able to provide a simpler description of the input corpus than the argument-only model, both in terms of lexicon size, and in terms of the complexity of individual derivations. Intuitively, the argument-modifier model is able to do this because it is able to ignore spurious modifier structure when learning the lexicon. These analyses further support our general account of the differences between arguments and modifiers, as well as our simplicity-based approach to learning.

9

Waste fires in Poland and some of Their Environmental Implications – A Ten-Year Perspective

Bihałowicz Jan Stefan

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2022

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Vol. 23, nr 11

147--157

EN

Economic growth and development are connected with the increase in consumption. One of the side effects of progress is waste production. Sustainable development would also include proper management of waste, focusing on their recycling. However, the direct costs of recycling sometimes exceed the costs of waste storage. Therefore, waste storage in landfills is still widespread. Improper waste storage or deliberate actions can lead to waste fires. In the work, the statistics of landfill fires from the years 2012 to 2021 were analyzed. The work includes statistics of the parameters of fires reported in the reports of Polish State Fire Services. Additionally, the usage of the resources and materials for firefighting and their trends were discussed. It was shown that resources required for extinguishing waste fires were increasing in this period. The statistics are accompanied by spatiotemporal analyses of the location of fires based on Corine Land Cover which showed that approximately half of the fires are on arable land and non-continuous urban fabric while fires at dumpsites are relatively rare. The important concern is also that around 10% of very big waste fires are in forests. All these analyses lead to the assessment of some environmental impacts which are caused by waste fires.

10

Wydajność języka Swift w zastosowaniach statystycznych

Tylec Sylwester, Woś Karol

Journal of Computer Sciences Institute

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2022

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Vol. 25

409--416

PL

Niniejsza praca ma na celu przeprowadzenie testów wydajności języka Swift w porównaniu z językiem C++ przy wykonywaniu obliczeń statystycznych. Analizowanymi zagadnieniami poza wydajnością są przejrzystość i składnia kodu, biblioteki dostępne dla tych języków oraz wykorzystanie zasobów sprzętowych urządzenia podczas przeprowadzania testów. W tym celu przeprowadzono analizę porównawczą dwóch wyżej wymienionych języków, opierającą się na wynikach uzyskanych z serii eksperymentów przeprowadzonych przy użyciu specjalnie utworzonych aplikacji testowych. Testy polegały na liczeniu odchylenia standardowego, mediany i średnich arytmetycznej, harmonicznej i geometrycznej a w trakcie testów rejestrowano czasy wykonania, użycie pamięci operacyjnej i obciążenie procesora. Na podstawie wyników badań ustalono, że język Swift nie jest zoptymalizowany pod kątem obliczeń statystycznych

EN

This paper aims to test Swift's performance against C++ in performing statistical calculations. The analyzed issues, apart from performance, are code transparency and syntax, libraries available for these languages and the use of device hardware resources during testing. For this purpose, a comparative analysis of the two above-mentioned languages was carried out, based on the results obtained from a series of experiments carried out with the use of specially developed test applications. The tests consisted in calculating the standard deviation, median and arithmetic, harmonic and geometric mean, and during the tests, execution times, operating memory usage and CPU load were recorded. Based on the results of the research, it was found that the Swift language is not optimized for statistical calculations.

11

Suddenly loaded arrays of pillars with variable range of load transfer

Derda Tomasz

Journal of Applied Mathematics and Computational Mechanics

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2022

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Vol. 21, nr 4

16--27

EN

This paper deals with multicomponent systems subjected to suddenly applied loads. Such multicomponent systems consist of functionally identical elements, but the elements differ in their ability to sustain the applied load. Specifically, arrays of pillars are an example of the multicomponent systems. The capability of the array to sustain the applied load depends not only on the strength of the pillars but also on how the load coming from failed pillars is redistributed to the intact ones. We employ a Fiber Bundle Model with load transfer restricted within a rectangular region generated dynamically after each pillar’s destruction. We investigate strength of the array and its survivability.

12

Jeszcze więcej analiz

Turlewicz Karolina

Geodeta : magazyn geoinformacyjny

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2022

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nr 5

42--45

13

Statistical analysis of the preparation of a future student during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic (economic approach)

Krezymon Monika, Stróżewski Krystian

Zeszyty Naukowe. Organizacja i Zarządzanie / Politechnika Śląska

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2021

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z. 153

273--285

EN

Purpose: The aim of the article is to statistically analyze the preparation of the future student during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. The article is based on the answers of this year's high school graduates to the questions asked in the questionnaire regarding the assessment of their knowledge and the work of teachers during online classes. Moreover, prospective students expressed their opinion on the choice of a university and access to information about the fields of study. The article also deals with the financial situation of families during the pandemic and the impact of this situation on the possibility of further education of this year's high school graduates. Design/methodology/approach: Critical analysis of the literature on the subject allowing to define the term e-education. Analysis of the questionnaire and drawing conclusions based on the statistics. Findings: When analyzing the questionnaire, it was found that this year's high school graduates are not prepared to start their studies in the coming academic year and the teachers' work according to the survey was not effective. The financial situation of the families of this year's high school graduates does not affect their further education. Research limitations/implications: The article was based on a statistical survey using the questionnaire method. The analysis of the respondents 'answers provided results on the substantive preparation of high school graduates, teachers' work and the financial situation of families. The conclusions from the analysis indicate that this year's high school graduates may become poor students in the future due to the educational deficiencies they indicated. The analysis of the survey results led to the main question that may become the direction for future research, such as considerations on improving the educational process conducted remotely. Originality/value: The article presents the original statistical study (survey questionnaire). The survey is addressed to secondary school teachers, university teachers and high school students who are planning academic education.

14

Rok 2020 okiem ekspertów branży produkcyjnej

Świat Obrabiarek i Narzędzi

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2021

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R. 16, nr 1

18

15

The Consequences and Recurrence of Dangerous Occurrences in Air Transport in 1919-2018

Kozuba Jarosław, Sirko Stanisław, Pila Jan

Safety & Defense

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2021

|

3

42--55

EN

The paper presents statistical research results regarding the occurrence of which dangerous aviation events in 1919-2018. The source of the information about the events was the AviationSafetyNetwork website. With the use of Excel 2016 and Statistica v. 12 computer programs, five-time intervals were identified in which hazardous aviation incidents took place.Characterizing the distribution of these events in all periods, due to the technological advancement and capabilities of airplanes, the distribution of dangerous events in the last three periods was compared. The following tests were used to verify the statistical hypotheses: , Shapiro-Wilk, Brown-Forsythe, Kruskal-Wallis. When choosing the appropriate test, the following factors were taken into account: the type of measurement scale, the dependence/independence of samples, and their number. The standard significance level was assumed to be α = 0.05. The consequences and repeatability of aviation events in the identified time intervals were analyzed. The research questions that were posed were the following: in which seasons of the year, months, days of the month, and days of the week did the most dangerous events deaths occur? How often did dangerous events take place? Was the distribution of events similar in the identified periods? The results of the conducted research allowed to identify five periods in which hazardous events took place and demonstrate that in particular periods the distribution of hazardous air events in subsequent seasons, months, and days of the week was not the same.

16

Statistical analysis of passenger transport in European countries with large gross domestic product

Seta Filip, Tomaszewska Justyna, Woch Marta, Zieja Mariusz

Safety and Reliability of Systems and Processes

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2021

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Summer Safety and Reliability Seminar 2021

317--325

EN

The aim of this chapter is to present, based on an analysis of collected monthly, quarterly and annual statistics, the changeover thirteen years in the capacity of airports in three European countries with the largest gross domestic product: Switzerland, Norway and Luxembourg. In these countries the airports with the highest number of passengers are located in Zurich, Gardermoen and Luxembourg City. Zurich-Kloten International Airport with 31.1 million passengers in 2018, Oslo-Gardermoen International Airport with 28 million passengers served in 2018 and Luxembourg International Airport as the only airport in Luxembourg with 1.9 million visitors in 2018. On the basis of selected airports and the annual, quarterly and monthly statistics, it is possible to determine the capacity situation at given airports and in which periods airports are least and most occupied by passengers.

17

Wpływ parametrów zewnętrznych na wytwarzanie pary w kotle opalanym

Kreft Dominik

Journal of Polish CIMEEAC

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2021

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Vol. 16, no 1

63--70

PL

W artykule przedstawiono analizę statystyczną wpływu parametrów zewnętrznych na strumień ciepła zawartego w paliwie dolotowym do okrętowego kotła opalanego. Jako parametry niezależne wytypowano średnią dobową moc chwilową silnika głównego i agregatów prądotwórczych, temperaturę wody zaburtowej oraz zanurzenie. Analizę przeprowadzono dla czterech różnych stanów eksploatacyjnych badanego statku.

18

Assessment of municipal waste accumulation at State University of Applied Sciences in Nowy Sącz

Przydatek Grzegorz, Kołodziej Paweł, Golonka Monika

Journal of Engineering, Energy and Informatics

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2021

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No. 1

93--104

EN

The aim of the study was to assess the composition collected of municipal waste in selected three Institutes of State University of Applied Sciences in Nowy Sącz in 2017 and 2018, taking into account the morphological composition covering five fractions. Paper waste had the highest share of 24.28% in the structure of the analyzed municipal waste in the Institute of Economics. The highest average value among the analyzed waste fractions was for organic waste (0.117 kg), similarly the standard deviation confirming the greatest variability of the results. The poor correlation relationships were most often noticeable in the Engineering Institute (r = 0.30), between organic waste and metals. Based on the conducted research, it was considered justified to implement selective waste collection at the University in accordance with the waste management hierarchy.

PL

Celem pracy była ocena składu gromadzonych odpadów komunalnych w wybranych trzech Instytutach Państwowej Wyższej Szkoły Zawodowej w Nowym Sączu w latach 2017 i 2018 z uwzględnieniem składu morfologicznego, obejmującego pięć frakcji. Największy udział, 24,28%, w strukturze badanych odpadów komunalnych przypadał na odpady papieru w Instytucie Ekonomicznym. Najwyższa wartość średnia spośród badanych frakcji odpadów przypadała na odpady organiczne (0,117 kg), podobnie odchylenie standardowe, potwierdzające największą zmienność wyników. Słabe związki korelacyjne wystąpiły pomiędzy odpadami organicznymi i metalami (r = 0,30). Na podstawie przeprowadzonych badań za wskazane uznano wdrożenie selektywnej zbiórki odpadów w uczelni, zgodnie z hierarchią postępowania z odpadami.

19

E-operat? To proste!

Królikowski Jerzy

Geodeta : magazyn geoinformacyjny

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2021

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nr 7

12--16

20

Internal combustion engine diagnostics using statistically processed Wiebe function

Famfulik Jan, Richtar Michal, Smiraus Jakub, Muckova Petra, Sarkan Branislav, Dresler Pavel

Eksploatacja i Niezawodność

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2021

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Vol. 23, no. 3

505--511

EN

The aim of the article is to present the concept of an indirect diagnostic method using the assessment of the variability of the amount of released heat (mass fraction burn) and the heat release rate. The Wiebe function for the assessment of variability has been used. The Wiebe function parameters from the course of the high-pressure indication in the cylinder of internal combustion engine using linear regression have been calculated. From a sufficiently large number of measured samples, the upper and lower limits of the Wiebe function parameters have been statistically determined. Lower and upper limits characterize variability of the heat release process not only in terms of quantity but also in terms of heat release rate. The assessment of variability is thus more complicated than using one integral indicator, typically the mean value of amount of the released heat. The procedure enabling a more accurate estimation of heat generation beginning has been shown. For the combustion process variability assessment of the engine, statistical test of relative frequencies has been used.