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EN
The paper presents partial results of qualitative analyzes conducted on the production line in the automotive industry. The subject of analyzes is the safety element for motor vehicles and meeting the quality requirements. The quality requirements that the manufacturer must meet are based on customer guidelines (automotive concern) for components manufactured for first assembly. The presented analyzes relate to the identification of production discrepancies and the results of statistical analyzes for the cutting process and component control for one type of cable. This work contains basic issues in the field of production management for elements intended for the automotive market, detailing the basic applicable rules and standards in this field. It also contains the results of the analysis and evaluation of the production process of the company operating on this market. A preliminary analysis of the causes of production problems and statistical analysis for the indicated process was presented.
EN
An economic scenario has been considered where the government seeks to achieve a favourable balance-of-payments over a fixed planning horizon through exchange rate policy and control of the domestic interest rate. The dynamics of such an economy was considered in terms of a bounded optimal control problem where the exchange rate is the state variable and the domestic interest rate is the control variable. The idea of balance-of-payments was used as a theoretical underpinning to specify the objective function. By assuming that, changes in exchange rates were induced by two effects: the impact of the domestic interest rate on the exchange rate and the exchange rate system adopted by the government. Instances for both fixed and flexible optimal exchange rate regimes have been determined. The use of the approach has been illustrated employing data obtained from the Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN) statistical bulletin.
EN
All recent experiences confirm the fact that the main tasks of quality management are guaranteed only with the high skilled employees. Employees are responsible for the production plan and development, services and processes. The series of standards called ISO 9000 help to establish quality management in organization. Usage of the quality management with statistical process control is also very important for the company. Companies are spending all human, material and financial resources to improve quality management. The objective of the paper is to outline the statistical process control in production company Finalcast Ltd. Žiar nad Hronom.
PL
Wszystkie ostatnie doświadczenia potwierdzają fakt, że główne zadania zarządzania jakością są gwarantowane tylko z wysoko wykwalifikowanymi pracownikami. Pracownicy są odpowiedzialni za plan produkcji i rozwoju, usług i procesów. Seria norm ISO 9000 jest pomocna w celu ustalenia zarządzania jakością w organizacji. Korzystanie w zarządzaniu jakością ze statystycznej kontroli procesu jest również bardzo ważne dla firmy. Firmy wykorzystują wszystkie zasoby ludzkie, materialne i finansowe w celu poprawy jakości zarządzania. Celem pracy jest określenie statystycznego sterowania procesem w produkcji firmy Finalcast Ltd. Žiar nad Hronom.
EN
Study deals with an analysis of data to the effect that it improves the quality of statistical tools in processes of assembly of automobile seats. Normal distribution of variables is one of inevitable conditions for the analysis, examination, and improvement of the manufacturing processes (f. e.: manufacturing process capability) although, there are constantly more approaches to non-normal data handling. An appropriate probability distribution of measured data is firstly tested by the goodness of fit of empirical distribution with theoretical normal distribution on the basis of hypothesis testing using programme StatGraphics Centurion XV.II. Data are collected from the assembly process of 1st row automobile seats for each characteristic of quality (Safety Regulation -S/R) individually. Study closely processes the measured data of an airbag´s assembly and it aims to accomplish the normal distributed data and apply it the statistical process control. Results of the contribution conclude in a statement of rejection of the null hypothesis (measured variables do not follow the normal distribution) therefore it is necessary to begin to work on data transformation supported by Minitab15. Even this approach does not reach a normal distributed data and so should be proposed a procedure that leads to the quality output of whole statistical control of manufacturing processes.
PL
W artykule dotyczącym metod i technik prognozowania wartości kluczowych wskaźników efektywności obsługi (ang. Key Performance Indicators) zdefiniowano oraz sklasyfikowano te wskaźniki. Przedstawiono wymagania oraz sposób doboru wskaźników KPI. Dokonano przeglądu, a także scharakteryzowano metody i techniki prognozowania stanu organizacji utrzymania ruchu. Przedstawiono koncepcję wykorzystania wybranych metod oraz narzędzi gromadzenia oraz przetwarzania danych dla potrzeb prognozowania tego stanu.
EN
A new version of the JM-SPC computer program written by J. Mutwil in Delphi for statistical control of production processes is presented. All changes have been by users suggestions caused. For the attribute valued data type most of new features have been joined to data introducing option. In this way the program allows to consider a wider data spectrum. Usefulness of the introduced solutions for statistical analysis of the attribute valued data type gained from real processes has been presented on the example of Al-Si high-pressure die casting production. The analysis refers to a serial produced casting and includes: 1) the analysis of defect fraction in sample (by using the p-chart), 2) the analysis of relative differences in importance of each defects categories (by using of the Pareto diagram).
EN
Usefulness of the JM-SPC computer program for a statistical analysis of variable valued data proceeded from an Al-Si high-pressure die casting production processes was examined. An analysis subject were results of dimensional measurement of 16 casting dimensions systematically controlled on coordinate-measuring machine. For analysis two criterion have been used: 1) X-s control chart and the performance indicator of processes by using of two commonly used indices: potential process capability index (Cp) and process capability index (Cpk).
EN
Usefulness of newest version of the JM-SPC computer program for a statistical analysis of production processes was examined. An analysis subject were results of measurements of 16 geometrical features of an Al-Si high-pressure die casting systematically controlled after machining on a coordinate-measuring machine. For analysis two criterion have been used: 1) Xave control chart and 2) a performance indicator of processes expressed by two commonly used indices: potential process capability index (Cp) and process capability index (Cpk).
PL
Podczas przechowywania mas ziarnianych zbóż może nastąpić ich samozagrzewanie. Jest to proces na ogół niebezpieczny i z tego powodu przechowywanie powinno być monitorowane. W pracy zaproponowano monitorowanie procesu za pomocą kart kontrolnych. Na podstawie przebiegu temperatury wyznaczono wskaźnik, który był poddany statystycznej ocenie. Monitorowanie procesu za pomocą kart kontrolnych w sposób przedstawiony w pracy umożliwia wczesne wykrywanie zagrożenia, jakim jest samozagrzewanie mas ziarnianych.
EN
The process involving self-heating of crop seed masses may occur during their storage. In general, this process is dangerous, and thus stored masses need to be monitored. The paper proposes process monitoring using check sheets. Temperature curve provided grounds to determine the index, which was then put to statistical evaluation. Process monitoring using check sheets as shown in the paper, allows early detection of danger constituted by self-heating of seed masses.
10
EN
A computer program written by author in Delphi for statistical control of production processes is presented. The JM-SPC program can be used for both the variable valued and the attribute valued data type. The data are introduced manually into table (up to 20 columns; up to 10000 rows). The option of data introducing is with some function equipped, which make this process very easy. The data analysis option offer many of analytical techniques. For variable valued data sets following control tools are available: individual values chart, average values chart, moving average values chart, exponentially moving average values chart, median values chart, range chart, standard deviation chart. Also two-signal control charts are available, for example: X-R, X-S, Me-R, Me-S. For variable valued data the performance of processes can be evaluated by using of two commonly used indices: potential process capability index (Cp) and process capability index (Cpk). For the attribute valued data type the user can select: p- and np-chart, c- and u-chart, Pareto diagram. Application of JM-SPC program for statistical analysis of real processes has been presented on the example of Al-Si high-pressure die casting production. For example of production of two different frame castings following analyses have been conducted: 1) the analysis of defect fraction in sample (by using the p-chart), 2) the analysis of relative differences in importance of each defects categories (by using of the Pareto diagram).
12
Content available remote Kontrola statystyczna w aktualnych warunkach odlewni w Polsce
PL
Kontrolę jakości wyrobów przemysłowych, opartą na zasadach statystyki matematycznej i teorii prawdopodobieństwa opracowano już na początku lat trzydziestych. Kontrola ta została rozpowszechniona, zwłaszcza w przemyśle zbrojeniowym w USA podczas II Wojny Światowej. W latach pięćdziesiątych ukazało się tam szereg poradników ułatwiających zastosowanie metod statystycznych do kontroli jakości w przemyśle, także w odlewniach. [...]
PL
Wprowadzenie kontroli statystycznej jest koniecznym warunkiem zapewnienia gwarantowanej jakości produkowanych odlewów, a także istotnym elementem spełniania oczekiwań ich odbiorców w warunkach gospodarki rynkowej. Stosowanie tych metod zalecają normy międzynarodowe (ISO serii 9000) i krajowe. Wstępem do wprowadzenia takiej kontroli jest określenie charakterystyk stosowanych procesów technologicznych i ich ocena. Zamieszczone przykłady zaczerpnięte z krajowych odlewni wskazują, że nie zawsze wyliczone charakterystyki są zgodne z wymaganiami zakładowych instrukcji technologicznych. Przedstawiono projekt tablicy ułatwiającej obliczenie statystycznych charakterystyk.
EN
The implementation of statistical control is a must to ensure the guaranteed quality of produced castings and to keep the foundry alive under the conditions of market economy. Practical application of the methods of statistical control is recommended by both foreign (ISO, series 9000) and national standards. An introduction to implementation of this control is the determination and evaluation of characteristic parameters of the technological processes. The examples given in this study have been taken from the domestic foundries and they prove that the characteristics calculated are often inconsistent with the requirements of in-plant technological specifications. To facilitate the calculation of statistical parameters, special table was drafted and proposed for use.
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