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Characteristics of fuel cells under static and dynamic conditions

Szwajca Filip, Berger Andrew W., Spalletta Robert, Pielecha Ireneusz

Pojazdy Szynowe

2022

Nr 3-4

44--52

Modern internal combustion powertrains are the main source of propulsion for on-road and non-road vehicles. However, they are increasingly being replaced by electric or fuel cell-equipped alternative propulsion systems. The article presents a study of fuel cell characteristics operating under both static and dynamic conditions, with a 1.2 kW fuel cell set with a voltage converter and lead-acid batteries. In the conducted tests, the fuel cell stack's maximum efficiency reached 65%. Load tests (static and dynamic) have indicated higher fuel cell efficiencies when using hybrid operation with a DC/DC converter and battery.

Static and dynamic characteristics of journal bearings with non-newtonian palm-based oils

Mongkolwongrojn M., Aiumpornsin Ch.

International Journal of Applied Mechanics and Engineering

2003

Vol. 8, no spec.

79-86

This paper presents the investigation of the static and dynamic characteristics of hydrodynamic journal bearings lubricated with non-newtonian palm-based oils. The palm oil was mixed with 0.2% ZDTP and 1% ZDTP to reduce oxidation and increase lubricity. In this study, the power law model is proposed as a rheology model of palm-based oil and the relationship between the shear stress and shear rate was obtained experimentally. The time-dependent modified Reynolds equation, and adiabatic energy equation were formulated for full circular bearings. Finite difference method was used to calculate both the static and dynamic characteristics of the bearings such as pressure distribution, temperature distribution, attitude angle, stiffness and damping coefficients. The results shows that the palm-based oils have potential to use as a biodegradable lubricant.