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1

Embracing cohousing: advancing socio-ecologicalhousing models for the future

Cordeiro Bárbara Abreu, Szczygiel Nina, Dias Ana Alexandra da Costa

Polish Journal of Management Studies

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2023

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Vol. 27, No. 2

57--74

EN

The existing challenges posed by sustainability, population aging, and social disconnection demand comprehensive actions from policymakers, organizations, and individuals. Cohousing offers a promising solution as an intelligent, sustainable, and socially oriented housing model that addresses these challenges simultaneously. This study aims to enhance our understanding of the successful creation, development, and management of cohousing communities. Through 19 in-depth interviews with representatives from nine communities across six countries, the data was analyzed using content analysis and the Atlas TI software. The findings stress the importance of raising public awareness, collaborating with policymakers and financial institutions, and involving skilled professionals. Additionally, the study highlights the pivotal role of management in the entire process of establishing and maintaining cohousing communities, as well as shaping their overall strategy.

PL

Istniejące wyzwania związane ze zrównoważonym rozwojem, starzeniem się społeczeństwa i wykluczeniem społecznym wymagają kompleksowych działań ze strony ustawodawców, organizacji i osób prywatnych. Cohousing oferuje obiecujące rozwiązanie jako inteligentny, zrównoważony i zorientowany społecznie model mieszkaniowy, który jednocześnie odpowiada na te wyzwania. Badanie to ma na celu lepsze zrozumienie skutecznego tworzenia, rozwoju i zarządzania społecznościami cohousingowymi. Na podstawie 19 dogłębnych wywiadów z przedstawicielami dziewięciu społeczności z sześciu krajów dane zostały przeanalizowane przy użyciu analizy treści i oprogramowania Atlas TI. Wyniki podkreślają znaczenie podnoszenia świadomości społecznej, współpracy z ustawodawcami i instytucjami finansowymi oraz angażowania wykwalifikowanych specjalistów. Ponadto badanie podkreśla kluczową rolę zarządzania w całym procesie tworzenia i utrzymywania wspólnot cohousingowych, a także kształtowania ich ogólnej strategii.

2

Mechanical properties of Super 304H steel after long-term ageing at 650 and 700°C

Zieliński Adam, Sroka Marek, Purzyńska Hanna, Novy Frantisek

Bulletin of the Polish Academy of Sciences. Technical Sciences

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2023

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Vol. 71, nr 2

art. no. e144612

EN

The paper shows the degradation process of the modern austenitic Super 304H (X10CrNiCuNb18-9-3) steel which was subjected to long-term aging for up to 50,000 h at 650 and 700°C. The investigations include microstructure examination (SEM), identification and analysis of the precipitation process, and mechanical properties tests. The Super 304H steel has a structure characteristic of austenitic steels with visible annealing twins and single primary NbX precipitates. Long-term aging in the steel leads to numerous precipitation processes of M23C6, MX carbides, σ phase, Z phase, and ε-Cu phase. Precipitation processes lead to a decrease in plastic properties and impact energy as well as alloy over aging. Yield strength and tensile strength values after 50,000 h of aging were similar to those as delivered. The yield and tensile strength value strongly depend on the applied aging temperature.

3

Raport „Architektura zdrowia. Współczesne tendencje w projektowaniu obiektów związanych z ochroną zdrowia i jakością życia”

Pruszewicz-Sipińska Ewa, Gawlak Agata, Matuszewska Magda, Springer Piotr, Kozaczko Mieczysław

Zeszyty Naukowe Politechniki Poznańskiej. Architektura, Urbanistyka, Architektura Wnętrz

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2021

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Z. 6

5--19

PL

Niniejszy raport obejmuje wyniki pracy naukowo-badawczej zespołu, którego pracą kieruje dr hab. inż. arch. Ewa Pruszewicz-Sipińska, prof. nadzw. PP. Temat badawczy „Architektura zdrowia. Współczesne tendencje w projektowaniu obiektów związanych z ochroną zdrowia i jakością życia” (10/04/dspb/1143) jest realizowany wieloetapowo od 2015 roku. W raporcie przedstawiono założone cele naukowo-badawcze związane z projektowaniem architektonicznym obiektów ochrony zdrowia oraz innych form zabudowy powiązanych z jakością i komfortem użytkownika przestrzeni. Omówiono przyjętą metodologię oraz efekty badawcze, jednocześnie prognozując ich wdrożenie. Odniesiono się do prac prezentowanych na łamach czasopism naukowych o zasięgu światowym opublikowanych w latach 2000-2015 i opierając się na wynikach najnowszych badań, zaprezentowano genezę, zasady i skutki Evidence-based Design (EBD). Praca badawcza zespołu ma o tyle istotne znaczenie, że stanowi zebranie wiedzy z dziedziny, która w bardzo małym stopniu jest popularyzowana w polskich czasopismach naukowych, a ostatnie lata badań wskazują na znaczący potencjał w stosowaniu procesów EBD w projektowaniu architektonicznym szpitali. Wieloletnie badania naukowe potwierdzają jednoznacznie wpływ zastosowanych rozwiązań architektonicznych, w tym funkcjonalno-przestrzennych, na proces zdrowienia pacjentów, ich komfort [Urlich i in. 2008: 53] oraz samopoczucie i wydajność personelu [Urlich i in. 2008: 45]. Świadome korzystanie z osiągnięć naukowych przez osoby zarządzające w ochronie zdrowia oraz w planowaniu na poziomie również legislacyjnym może stać się impulsem do lepszego wykorzystania potencjału, jaki ma zarówno sam budynek, jak i otaczający go teren. Ma to szczególne znaczenie, jeśli chodzi o rosnące wymagania pacjentów dotyczące opieki medycznej, w tym komfortu pobytu w szpitalu. Prowadzone badania uwzględniają w równym stopniu oczekiwania i potrzeby trzech grup użytkowników przestrzeni szpitali, tj. pacjentów, personelu (medycznego i niemedycznego) oraz osób odwiedzających. Część badań poświęcono istotnemu globalnie zjawisku związanemu ze starzeniem się społeczeństw, zmianą struktury społecznej miast i w konsekwencji zmianom potrzeb przestrzennych ich mieszkańców. Jednak mówiąc o srebrnej generacji – pokoleniu, które stawia przed nami nowe wyzwania mieszkaniowe, nie myślimy w sposób konwencjonalny. Problematyka projektowania dla osób starszych i niepełnosprawnych od niemal wieku jest podejmowana przez badaczy i projektantów. Obecnie nauka ta wymaga nie tyle dalszego rozwinięcia, co radykalnej zmiany punktu widzenia. Tą pożądaną zmianą jest weryfikacja i zdefiniowanie na nowo osoby starszej według jej potrzeb przestrzennych czy społecznych, ale i aspiracji. W tym nowym aspekcie osobami starszymi, dla których należy zredefiniować przestrzeń mieszkalną, są osoby wciąż młode, które zestarzeją się dopiero za jakiś czas.

EN

The aim to achieve state of the art technological solutions in architectural design should be accompanied by a care for the well-being of the patient, as the object of the architect’s creative endeavors. Long-term scientific studies confirm the unequivocal impact of the adopted architectural solutions, including functional and spatial solutions, on patients’ healing process, their comfort [Urlich et al. 2008: 53], and the well-being and efficiency of the staff [Urlich et al. 2008: 45]. Conscious implementation of such scientific achievements by healthcare administrative personnel and favorable legislative planning may become a contribution to a better use of the potential of the building and its surrounding premises. It has become especially important nowadays, as the awareness and the expectations of patients and staff with regard to healthcare are growing, including their expectations with regard to the comfort of their stay at the hospital.

4

Female migrants - the issues of advancing age

Nova Monika

Zeszyty Naukowe. Organizacja i Zarządzanie / Politechnika Śląska

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2021

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z. 151

493--500

EN

Purpose: The paper addresses the subject of female migrants who are on the threshold of old age or already old, and who live in Poland, Hungary and the Czech Republic. The author attempted to depict the process of aging through the eyes of the female migrants themselves, persons concerned with the migrants and the professional community as such. The effort was supposed to disclose specific features of women’s life. Design/methodology/approach: The background research applied the qualitative method and the relevant information was obtained using the technique of interviews. Our research was built on hypothesis that the elderly female migrants will constitute (and in fact already constitute) a fast growing group of population. This hypothesis is supported by statistical data on naturalized migrants and on their changing age patterns. Though the elderly migrants are still few in numbers when compared with the overall number of newly coming immigrants, they should be paid closer attention by government agencies and the non-profit sector and the attention should encompass both the conceptual framework and the practical aspects. Media attention, previously devoted to the elderly migrants, is now distracted by the themes of global migration and by the predicament of refugees. Findings: Their advanced age disadvantages the elderly on the labor market despite the qualifications and a vast pool of professional experience that they gained during their stay in the host country. Pushed by their precarious economic situation and an inborn cast of mind, the people remain active, and even as seniors they seek new jobs, often beneath their qualifications. Research limitations/implications: As the female participants in our research told us, throughout their entire stay in emigration they were feeling guilty toward the people they left back home while themselves were privileged with a life of better quality abroad. These observations testify to the importance of psychological and social assistance that should be provided by the receiving country. Practical implications: Asked about their plans for returning to the home country, the women expressed worries about getting only low pensions because of the insufficient number of years worked there. Social implications: Though we think it important to highlight the painful experiences of migrants, our research results by no means indicate that the women perceive themselves as "victims". On the contrary, the research painted a picture of exceptionally strong and determined ladies. We believe that the stories and reflections of our research participants can be very useful for the receiving country and more than interesting for many persons coming into contact with immigrants - employyers, regional administrators and the public generally. Originality/value: The situation mentioned above is influenced by the short history of migration to the Czech Republic, Poland and Hungary. Making just a slight simplification we can say that the age of retirement is reached chiefly by women who arrived to the newly reestablished democracies in the early waves of immigrants after 1989. Having the opportunity of dealing with female migrants in detail, we have also tried to identify the pitfalls (long-time hidden) of the currently applied integration policies.

5

Coup de fouet effect in estimating battery state of health

Ryś Piotr Andrzej, Kaczor Krzysztof, Lipkowski Jacek, Piszcz Michał, Biczel Piotr, Siekierski Maciej

Journal of Power Technologies

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2021

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Vol. 101, nr 2

112--126

EN

The coup de fouet phenomenon (crack of the whip) is a dip in the discharge voltage observable during the first minutes of the discharge period of a lead acid battery, followed by a transient recovery. This leads to the formation of an interim plateau transforming later into a typical discharge curve characteristic of a galvanic cell. The phenomenon was considered as a basis for a state-of-health (SoH) assessment, where the depth of the dip was used to measure the battery’s SoH. However, the validation process showed the two variables lacked clear correlation, mandating a revision of this approach. Therefore an attempt to correlate certain aging processes to the behavior of the cell of interest associated with the presence of the coup de fouet phenomenon was attempted for a set of diverse lead-acid battery designs. A set of estimators based on the coup de fouet was devised and their relation to the aging processes was explored and described. The research led to the conclusion that there is a direct relation between the coup de fouet and sulfation. This relation is best defined by Δ τplateau - the time taken between the voltage reaching the lowest point of the dip and then reaching the highest observable plateau voltage.

6

Arterial blood flow waveform shapes – their original quantification and importance in chosen aspects of physiology and psychology: A review

Gólczewski Tomasz

Biocybernetics and Biomedical Engineering

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2021

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Vol. 41, no. 4

1418--1435

EN

Arterial blood flow waveform shape (ABFWS) analysis is usually employed in vessels diagnosis. This review presents links between ABFWS and some other physiological and psychological aspects. ABFWS for brachial and common carotid arteries is quantified with a Waveform Age (WA) index. WA well correlates with calendar age (CA): r = 0.79 and 0.88 for carotid and brachial arteries, respectively. The mean (expected) WA for a particular CA is equal to it. WA depends on blood flow wave reflections: WA is older for lower reflections (smaller flow pulsatility). An upper death limit of WA seems to exist; hypertension in the elderly may be a defense mechanism protecting against exceeding this limit. Relationships between WA and heart rate, fatigue and cognitive functions are most interesting. Regardless of breathing pattern, respiratory induced changes of heart rate are strongly correlated with WAs that were 1.7 s earlier (r = 0.87). Fatigue is associated with WA increase (p < 0.002); in a way, fatigue accompanies aging or temporary mimics it. WA is significantly lower than CA in persons with high intelligence quotient and significantly higher in patients with intellectual disability of unknown etiology (p < 0.000001). WA relatively well correlates with Matrices Tests scores (r = 0.65 for a linear combination of WAs for all the four arteries; 42 students, 16 yrs, the same social and educational levels). ABFW-Sdependent production of vasoactive substances (including nitric oxide being also a neurotransmitter) by endothelium, might be responsible for those surprising relationships. ABFWS can be treated, though only to some extent, as a kind of Damasio’s somatic markers.

7

Influence of traditional wood surface modification methods on changes in aesthetic and resistance properties

Różańska Anna, Sokołek Agnieszka, Barski Adam

Annals of Warsaw University of Life Sciences - SGGW. Forestry and Wood Technology

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2021

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No. 113

74--89

EN

For ages, furniture makers have been using various methods to accelerate the natural process of wood aging, in order to achieve a more sophisticated colour and to provide a uniform appearance for furniture parts replaced during restoration. Nowadays, wood aging is popular due to its aesthetic value associated with naturally aged wood, which can be enjoyed in conjunction with favourable mechanical properties of contemporary wood. Methods of wood surface modification used in wood aging can be divided into mechanical ones, consisting in changing the structure of wooden surfaces (eg. sanding, brushing, paint rubbing or structuring with chisel or other tools) and chemical ones, involving the use of chemical substances to change the colour of wood (eg. greying; application of lye, paint or wood stain; and ammonia fuming). The purpose of our study was to determine the influence of traditional wood modification techniques used in furniture-making − such as: structuring, whitewashing, rubbing, greying, dyeing with potassium permanganate solution and ammonia fuming − on the aesthetic and resistance properties of wooden surfaces (colour, gloss, roughness, abrasion resistance and resistance to scratches). Tests were performed on wood species most frequently used in Poland to produce artificially weathered wood: Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) and common oak (Quercus Sp).

PL

Wpływ tradycyjnych metod powierzchniowej modyfikacji drewna na zmiany właściwości estetycznych i wytrzymałościowych. Przyśpieszenie naturalnie zachodzącego procesu starzenia się drewna stosowane jest w meblarstwie od wieków zarówno dla nadania drewnu wyszukanej barwy, jak i w celu scalenia kolorystycznego uzupełnień powstałych w procesie konserwacji mebla. Współcześnie postarzanie jest popularne ze wzglądu na walory estetyczne utożsamiane z naturalnie starym drewnem, połączone z korzystnymi właściwościami mechanicznymi jakie posiada drewno nowe. Metody powierzchniowej modyfikacji drewna podczas zabiegów postarzających dzielimy na mechaniczne polegające na zmianie struktury powierzchni drewna (np. przecieranie, szczotkowanie, bielenie czy strukturyzacja dłutem) i chemiczne czyli działanie odczynnikami, które zmieniają barwę (np. szarzenie, ługowanie, „wędzenie” drewna amoniakiem). Celem badań jest określenie wpływu tradycyjnie stosowanych w meblarstwie zabiegów modyfikacji drewna takich jak: strukturyzacja, bielenie, przecieranie, szarzenie, barwienie roztworem nadmanganianu potasu oraz wędzenie amoniakiem na estetyczne i wytrzymałościowe właściwość powierzchni drewna (barwa, połysk, chropowatość powierzchni, ścieralność i odporność na zarysowania). Do badań wykorzystano gatunki drewna najczęściej użytkowane w Polsce w celu sztucznego postarzania drewna: sosnę zwyczajną (Pinus sylvestris L.) oraz dąb (Quercus Sp).

8

Differentiating fallers from nonfallers using nonlinear variability analyses of data from a low-cost portable footswitch device: a feasibility study

Gonabadi Arash, Antonellis Prokopios, Malcolm Philippe

Acta of Bioengineering and Biomechanics

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2021

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Vol. 23, no. 2

139--145

EN

Purpose: Falls are one of the main causes of injuries in older adults. This study evaluated a low-cost footswitch device that was designed to measure gait variability and investigates whether there are any relationships between variability metrics and clinical balance tests for individuals with a history of previous falls. Methods: Sixteen older adults completed a history of falls questionnaire, three functional tests related to fall risk, and walked on a treadmill with the footswitch device. We extracted the stride times from the device and applied two nonlinear variability analyses: coefficient of variation and detrended fluctuation analysis. Results: The temporal variables and variability metrics from the footswitch device correlated with gold-standard measurements based on ground reaction force data. One variability metric (detrended fluctuation analysis) showed a significant relationship with the presence of past falls with a sensitivity of 43%. Conclusion: This feasibility study demonstrates the basis for using low-cost footswitch devices to predict fall risk.

9

Alternatywne formy zamieszkiwania osób starszych

Janowski Maciej, Pokajewicz Małgorzata

Zeszyty Naukowe Politechniki Poznańskiej. Architektura, Urbanistyka, Architektura Wnętrz

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2020

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Z. 2

121--142

PL

W artykule podjęto tematykę zmian środowiska zamieszkiwania przeznaczonego dla osób starszych. Powszechność przechodzenia na emeryturę i postępujące starzenie się społeczeństw stwarzają nowe problemy społeczno-ekonomiczne i pogłębiają już istniejące, zmienia się również styl życia i zachowania seniorów, a co za tym idzie - formy użytkowanej przez nich architektury. Obserwuje się stopniowe odchodzenie od modelu szpitalnego na rzecz alternatywnych form zabudowy senioralnej takich jak co-housing senioralny czy zespoły międzypokoleniowe (generation housing), które umożliwiają osobom starszym utrzymanie komfortu zamieszkiwania i identyfikację z miejscem. Na podstawie analiz wybranych przykładów architektury senioralnej sformułowano jej postulowane cechy.

EN

The article deals with the subject of changes in the housing environment intended for the elderly. The widespread retirement and progressing aging of societies creates new and deepens existing socio-economic problems, the lifestyle and behavior of seniors and the forms of architecture they use are also changing. There is a gradual shift away from the hospital model in favor of alternative forms of senior housing, such as co-housing for seniors, generation housing, which enable older people to maintain comfortable living and identification with the place. Based on the analysis of selected examples of senior architecture, its postulated features were formulated.

10

Żywienie osób w wieku starszym

Siuba-Strzelińska Magdalena

Przemysł Spożywczy

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2020

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T. 74, nr 11

36--41

PL

Starzenie się to naturalny proces fizjologiczny, który przebiega indywidualnie w zależności od wielu czynników, takich jak obecność chorób, przyjmowanie leków, aktywność fizyczna czy stan odżywienia. Jest to proces nieodwracalny, jednak dzięki właściwej diecie można go opóźnić. W artykule przedstawiono, jakie zmiany zachodzące w organizmie i związane z procesem starzenia mogą wpływać na wystąpienie problemów z żywieniem. Zaprezentowano zasady zdrowego żywienia dla osób w wieku starszym z 2017 r., które zestawiono z najnowszymi zaleceniami z 2020 r., przygotowanymi w formie „zdrowego talerza”. Dodatkowo poruszono tematykę niedożywienia u seniorów oraz przedstawiono zasady suplementacji diety seniora.

EN

Aging is a natural physiological process that varies individually depending on many factors, such as the presence of diseases, medications, physical activity and nutritional status. It is an irreversible process, but it can be delayed with a proper diet. The article presents what changes occurring in the body related to the aging process may influence the occurrence of nutritional problems. The principles of healthy eating for the elderly from 2017 were presented, which were compared with the latest recommendations from 2020 prepared in the form of a „healthy plate”. Additionally, the subject of malnutrition in elderly people was discussed and the rules of supplementing the diet of seniors were presented.

11

Influence of UV Radiation on the Mechanical Properties of Specimens Printed with the Use of the FDM Technique at Different Density Levels

Madej Jerzy, Śliwka Mateusz, Trzcionka Wojciech

Fibres & Textiles in Eastern Europe

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2019

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Vol. 27, no. 2 (134)

78--83

EN

The development of 3D printing technology and the possibility of obtaining objects from polymeric materials with a diversified structure and mechanical properties necessitates conducting comprehensive research into printed structures and determining their basic mechanical parameters. Synthetic polymeric materials during their lifetime are sensitive to atmospheric factors and are subject to aging. The paper presents investigation results of the mechanical properties of printed structures with different density levels. The influence of UV radiation and elevated temperature on the mechanical parameters of specimens printed from different filaments was determined, estimating the usefulness of printed porous structures for possible applications in the textile industry.

PL

Rozwój technologii druku 3D i możliwość uzyskania obiektów z tworzyw sztucznych o zróżnicowanej strukturze i właściwościach mechanicznych wymusza konieczność prowadzenia wszechstronnych badań struktur drukowanych i określenia ich podstawowych parametrów mechanicznych. Tworzywa sztuczne w okresie eksploatacji są wrażliwe na czynniki atmosferyczne i podlegają zjawisku starzenia. W artykule przedstawiono wyniki badań właściwości mechanicznych struktur drukowanych o różnym stopniu zagęszczenia oraz określono wpływ promieniowania UV i podwyższonej temperatury na parametry mechaniczne próbek wydrukowanych z różnych filamentów szacując przydatność drukowanych struktur porowatych do ewentualnych zastosowań w przemyśle włókienniczym.

12

Aging kinetics and mechanical properties of copper-bearing low-carbon HSLA-100 microalloyed steel

Sohrabi M. J., Mirzadeh H., Mehranpour M. S., Heydarinia A., Razi R.

Archives of Civil and Mechanical Engineering

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2019

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Vol. 19, no. 4

1409--1418

EN

The precipitation kinetics of HSLA-100 steel and the correlation between tensile and impact properties were studied. According to the modified Johnson–Mehl–Avrami–Kolmogorov (JMAK) analysis and based on the analysis of the time corresponding to the transformed fraction of 0.5 (t0.5), the activation energy for the precipitation of copper during aging of martensite was determined as ~111 and 105 kJ/mol, respectively. These values are much smaller than the activation energy for the diffusion of Cu in a-iron, which was related to the effect of high dislocation density of the quenched martensitic microstructure on the aging process. These results were verified based on the diffusional calculations. Based on the analysis of mechanical behavior, no reasonable correlation was found between strength of the material and the impact energy. However, the impact energy was found to be propor-tional to the UTS-YS, where the latter is an indicator of the work-hardening capability of the material. This revealed that the work-hardening capacity of the material is a much more important factor for determining the impact toughness compared to its strength.

13

Microstructure characterization of welds in X5CrNiCuNb16-4 steel in overaged condition

Ziewiec A., Zielińska-Lipiec A., Kowalska J., Ziewiec K.

Advances in Materials Science

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2019

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Vol. 19, nr 1(59)

57--69

EN

The paper presents the results of the investigation of microstructure of the welded X5CrNiCuNb16-4 (17-4PH) steel after solution treatment and aging at 620°C for different periods. The microstructure and the phase composition of the steel was investigated using light microscopy (LM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive spectrometry (EDS), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and the X-ray diffraction (XRD). Hardness was measured for samples aged at different times. Density distributions of Cu precipitates were established. The investigation has shown that the microstructure of the X5CrNiCuNb16-4 steel welds after aging at 620 ° C consists of tempered martensite, fine Cu precipitates and austenite. It was observed that the size of the Cu precipitates increases with increasing the aging time, what affects the decrease of hardness. Simultaneously, the quantity of reversed austenite increases with increase of aging time. It was revealed that enrichment of the austenite in Ni, Cu and C affects the increase of Ms, but this factor does not determine the stability of austenite.

14

Effect of sound on standing postural stability in the elderly with and without knee osteoarthritis

Hengsomboon Pichaya, Hiengkaew Vimonwan, Hsu Wei-Li, Bovonsunthonchai Sunee

Acta of Bioengineering and Biomechanics

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2019

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Vol. 21, no. 3

99--108

EN

The aim of the study was to investigate the influence of sound on standing postural control in the elderly with and without knee osteoarthritis (knee-OA). Methods: Twenty-six elderly with knee-OA and 26 elderly without knee-OA who matched the age and height participated in this study. The standing postural stability was assessed by the 3D motion analysis system. Four testing conditions of the combination of sound (no sound and white noise sound) and surface (firm and soft surfaces) were tested three times with eyes closed for 30 sec. Postural stability variables included the standard deviation and velocity of the centre of pressure, the total body centre of mass, and centre of the head along the antero-posterior (AP) and medio-lateral (ML) directions. Results: Statistical significant reductions of all variables along ML direction were found in the elderly without a knee-OA in the presence of sound during standing on a firm surface. No significant effect of sound was found in the elderly with the knee-OA during standing on a firm surface. In the standing on a soft surface, both groups demonstrated no significant effect of sound on all postural stability variables. Conclusions: Application of sound improved the standing postural stability in the frontal plane for the elderly without knee-OA. However, the effect of sound was limited in standing on a soft surface for both elderly with and without knee-OA.

15

A characteristic of selected properties of vulcanised rubber elements used on the “Izabel” inland vessel

Pawłowska P., Matuszak Z., Sosik K., Chovancová M.

New Trends in Production Engineering

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2018

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Vol. 1, Iss. 1

675-679

EN

Vulcanised rubber as a complex system is made from the basic component being virgin rubber and various components amounting to 10-15 per cent or even more. The material gains its most valuable properties in the final phase of processing i.e. vulcanisation. In mechanical as well as automotive engineering it is important for vulcanised rubber to be resistant to grease, oil and fuel in high operating temperatures. Being one of the very valuable isolation materials, vulcanised rubber is also characterized by dielectric and elastic properties as well as distinguished resistance to operating conditions (high/low temperature, weather conditions). All the above mentioned applications of vulcanised rubbers are also found in the shipyard industry. Their use is also very much predicated on the properties such as: ability to attenuate mechanical vibrations, high elasticity, considerable elastic deformability under static and dynamic loads, low permeability of water and gas, resistance to various chemicals, and other. The purpose of this article was to determine the hardness of vulcanised rubber samples obtained from various places on the “Izabel” inland barge. The scope of the study covered sampling and preparing the samples for testing (i.e. cleaning and degreasing the samples). Then, the hardness of the samples was measured using the Shore hardness test. The first part of the article presents the general concept of vulcanised rubber, its main components, properties, applications, and ageing. The second part focuses on the research scope and measuring the hardness of vulcanised rubber samples obtained from the “Izabel” inland barge. vulcanised rubber, hardness, ageing, wear and tear wulkanizowanej gumy, twardość, starzenie się, zużycie

16

Potrzeby osób starszych w zakresie mobilności w mieście

Solecka K.

Autobusy : technika, eksploatacja, systemy transportowe

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2018

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R. 19, nr 6

1252--1259, CD

PL

Problem starzenia się społeczeństwa jest jednym z podstawowych wyzwań współczesnego świata. W artykule przedstawiono podstawowe definicje związane ze starością i starzeniem się społeczeństwa. Szczegółowo przybliżono prognozy ludności na przełomie kilkudziesięciu lat, w różnych regionach świata ze szczególnym zwróceniem uwagi na osoby starsze. Na podstawie dostępnych danych porównano zmiany demograficzne w wybranych krajach UE. Ponadto zaprezentowano dane statystyczne dotyczące ludności w Polsce i wzrost liczby osób starszych w poszczególnych rejonach Polski. Wzrost udziału osób starszych w społeczeństwie ma wpływ na wiele obszarów życia w miastach. Badania statystyczne wykazują, że większość osób starszych pomimo dobrej sprawności intelektualnej posiada pewne ograniczenia, które często uniemożliwiają im właściwe funkcjonowanie w miastach, szczególnie w odniesieniu do aspektu odbywania podróży i osiągania podstawowych celów. W związku z tym należy poznać podstawowe potrzeby osób starszych, aby móc właściwie kształtować rozwój miast pod kątem przyjazności dla osób starszych. W artykule na podstawie przeglądu dostępnej literatury przedstawiono podział zadań przewozowych w krajach UE wśród osób starszych, zidentyfikowano potrzeby osób starszych w zakresie mobilności w mieście oraz zestawiono najważniejsze czynniki mające wpływ na wzrost mobilności osób starszych.

EN

Nowadays population ageing is one of the most important challenge in the world. In this paper basic definitions related to old age and population ageing were presented. Predictions of population growth in several dozen of years in different world regions were described in detail. Predictions taking the elderly people into account were emphasized. Based on available data, demographic changes in chosen EU countries were compared. In addition statistic data related to population in Poland and increase in the number of elderly people in several Polish regions were presented. The growth of elderly people in population influences many aspects of urban life. Statistic research shows that most of elderly people, despite of good mental fitness, meet some restrictions, that make their life in cities more difficult, especially including travelling and achieving basic travel purposes. Thus it is necessary to get knowledge on basic elderly people's needs, as it allows to design cities which are friendly to seniors. The modal split in the elderly peoples' journeys in EU countries was presented on the basis of the literature review. Also elderly people's mobility needs as well as the most important factors influencing seniors’ mobility were identified.

17

Effect of ageing time on microstructure and mechanical properties of SAF 2205 duplex stainless steel

Penha R. N., Silva L. B., Mendonça C. S. P., Moreira T. C., Melo M .L. N. M.

Archives of Materials Science and Engineering

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2018

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Vol. 91, nr 1

23--30

EN

Purpose: The aim of this study was to present the influence of mass concentration of the reinforcement phase on the structure and optical properties of the obtained composite thin films with a polymer matrix reinforced by SiO2, TiO2 and Bi2O3 nanoparticles, produced by the spin-coating method. Design/methodology/approach: To produce composite materials, 10% wt. polymer solutions of polyacrylonitrile (PAN) and N, N - Dimethyloformamide (DMF) were used, containing nanoparticles with a mass concentration ratio of, sequentially: 0, 4, 8, 12%. The morphology, structure and chemical composition of the obtained thin films were determined on the basis of surface topography images, taken using atomic force microscopy (AFM) and a scanning electron microscope (SEM) with EDX and QBSD spectrometers. In order to analyse the optical properties, UV-Visible spectroscopy (UV-Vis) was used. The width of the band gap was determined on the basis of the absorption spectra of radiation (UV-Vis). Findings: The carried out morphology and surface structure research showed that with increasing mass increased porosity of the produced coating surface was observed. In addition, the greater the diameter of the applied ceramic nanoparticles, the more noticeable this effect was. The analysis of the optical properties of the obtained nanomaterials, carried out based on the registered spectra in absorption function of the wavelength, revealed a strong absorption of this type of layers under ultraviolet radiation. Research limitations/implications: The nanostructured materials as components provides nanocomposite optical properties, such as absorption and width of the energy gap. In addition, nanoparticle content causes changes of the surface morphology, which is an important parameter of thin films in potential applications. Originality/value: The properties of films depend not only on the individual components used, but also on the morphology and the interfacial characteristics.

18

The change of volume of the lumbar vertebrae along with aging in asymptomatic population: a preliminary analysis

Miękisiak G, Łątka D., Janusz W., Urbański W., Załuski R., Kubaszewski Ł.

Acta of Bioengineering and Biomechanics

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2018

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Vol. 20, no. 3

25--30

EN

Previous studies have demonstrated that, the length of the lumbar spine is decreasing with age. Despite considerable research based on sagittal measurements, little is known about the changes in the volume of vertebrae. The objective of this study was to evaluate the changes in the volume of either column of the spine with age. Materials and methods: Computed tomography scans of 62 asymptomatic subjects, performed for thoracolumbar trauma evaluation were used to create virtual 3D models. At least 10 patients were assigned to every decade of life from third to eight. We used a novel technique to measure the volume of anterior column (AC) and posterior column (PC) per each segment (a total of 310 segments). Midline sagittal images were used to measure disc height (DH) and vertebral body height (VH). Results: With age, both DH increases, whereas the VH decreases. The overall length of lumbar segment of the spine decreases with age. The volumetric measurements performed on same subjects showed that volume of both AC and PC does not change with age in females. In males, there is a weak but statistically significant correlation between AC volume and age and no change in the volume of PC. The ratio of PC:AC volume does not change with age in women, although it decreases slightly but significantly (in favor of AC) with age in males. Conclusions: The overall length of lumbar spine decreases with age. This process is not a result of mere changes in the volume of either AC or PC.

19

Modele opieki w przeżywaniu starości – aspekt etyczno-demogarficzny

Fobelová D.

Zeszyty Naukowe. Organizacja i Zarządzanie / Politechnika Śląska

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2017

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z. 112

157--165

PL

Demograficzny aspekt związany ze starzeniem się społeczeństwa jest ostrzeżeniem. Z jednej strony, jest to rzeczywisty naturalny proces życia człowieka i społeczeństwa, ale z drugiej strony w ostatnim czasie zaobserwować można niepokojący fakt – społeczeństwo zbyt szybko starzeje się, a nowych ludzi rodzi się coraz mniej. Prezentowany artykuł próbuje odpowiedzieć na pytania: kogo obecnie nazywamy starym człowiekiem oraz w jaki sposób etyka stosowanan może być pomocna przy opiece nad tak sklasyfikowanym człowiekiem w społeczeństwie. Jednocześnie ważnym elementem tego studium będą różne modele opieki na seniorami.

EN

The demographic aspect of aging is a warning. On the one hand, it is a real natural process of human life and society, but on the other hand, recently, a worrying fact has arisen – society is aging too fast and new people are born less and less. This article attempts to answer the questions that we now call the old man and how ethics can be helpful in the care of such a classified person in society. At the same time, different models of care for seniors will be an important element of this study

20

Jakość życia w procesie starzenia się a rozwój techniki medycznej

Stylec-Szromek P.

Zeszyty Naukowe. Organizacja i Zarządzanie / Politechnika Śląska

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2017

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z. 112

359--368

PL

W artykule poruszone są zagadnienia związane z jakością życia zwłaszcza z perspektywy nauk medycznych oraz proces społecznych zmian rozumienia starości. Prezentuje również techniki medyczne, które w przyszłości mogą mieć wpływ na poprawę jakości życia wśród osób starszych. Analizuje również obszary bioetyki implikujące problemy etyczne takie jak przedłużanie życia czy eutanazje z perspektywy dwóch orientacji etyczno-filozoficznych: absolutyzmu i relatywizmu.

EN

The article deals with issues related to quality of life, especially from the perspective of medical sciences and the process of social change of understanding of old age. It also presents medical techniques that can improve the quality of life for the elderly in the future. It also analyzes areas of bioethics implying ethical issues such as prolonging life or euthanasia from the perspective of two ethical-philosophical orientations: absolutism and relativism.