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1

Business environment institutions in creating the Wrocław startup ecosystem

Kuźmińska-Haberla Aleksandra

Zeszyty Naukowe. Organizacja i Zarządzanie / Politechnika Śląska

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2024

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z. 192

682--696

EN

Purpose: The article's main aim is to present issues related to the importance of business environment institutions (BEIs) in creating startup ecosystems, particularly in developing the Wrocław startup ecosystem. The specific goal is to identify the most important actors of the Wrocław ecosystem and present the offer of business environment institutions operating in the city, along with their assessment. Design/methodology/approach: To achieve the intended goals, the author based her considerations on analyzing the literature on the subject, using both Polish and foreign sources, including scientific articles and reports prepared by Polish and foreign organizations. The analysis of business environment institutions in Wrocław was based on information available on the official websites of these entities, e.g., araw.pl or startupwroclaw.pl. Additionally, in the last part, the author used the results of empirical research conducted in the form of individual in-depth interviews among startups, BEIs, and experts rooted in the Wrocław startup ecosystem to learn the respondents' opinions on the quality of the institutional environment of the ecosystem in which they operate. Findings: Business environment institutions are a vital element of effective startup ecosystems worldwide. Access and support from these institutions play an important role for startups, and their importance is constantly growing. Wrocław is well-rated as an ecosystem, offering a wide range of diverse business environment institutions that support startups in consulting, incubation, technology transfer, innovation development, and access to capital. The advantages of the city include customer approach, service in English, promotion of startups, and access to infrastructure enabling development and innovation. Despite the rich offer, not all startups use it, mainly due to the lack of information, which is one of the main shortcomings and is an element that requires improvement. The lack of coordination and flow of information between BEIs, and duplication of ideas or initiatives is a problem also indicated by the business environment institutions themselves, which see the solution in greater integration of activities, e.g., under the patronage of ARAW, which is the main animator of the Wrocław ecosystem. Other problems include limited possibilities of financing activities at various stages of development, lack of audit programs, and access to certain experts/advisors. Social implications: The best startup ecosystems in the world can attract and retain the best, brightest innovators who create solutions that can revolutionize various areas of life. Well-functioning business environment institutions are part of this success while constituting an excellent example for other BEIs to follow in the international space. Although Wrocław is not among the best ecosystems in the world, it can be said that it aspires to such a group, which is reflected in various reports and rankings of the world's best ecosystems. However, in Poland and Europe, mainly Central and Eastern Europe, it is at the forefront and can serve as a benchmark for other cities. Originality/value: Many studies on startup ecosystems and startups are found in the literature. These are often studies of a general nature or relating to the most recognizable ecosystems, such as Silicon Valley, London, or Singapore. The situation is similar regarding business environment institutions, it is possible to find studies on the statistics of their occurrence, tasks performed, and the general role they play in supporting entrepreneurship. The literature lacks studies on specific examples of the functioning and creation of startup ecosystems in Poland by business environment institutions. This article refers to the example of Wrocław, which may constitute a benchmark for other cities. The article's value points out the most important BEIs in the Wrocław startup ecosystem, defining their tasks and their assessment from the point of view of entities operating in it and pointing out the most critical shortcomings requiring improvement.

2

Entrepreneurial ecosystems in technology transfer: a case study on successful innovation commercialization

Kruger Niel A.

Polish Journal of Management Studies

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2023

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Vol. 27, No. 1

148--163

EN

This study aimed to explore the factors leading to the successful commercialisation of innovations generated through technology transfer and its connection to an entrepreneurial ecosystem. Using a post-positivist research paradigm, the study applied a qualitative case study on university technology transfers with proven track records. Findings showed that technology transfer must be integrated throughout the university, motivated professors and inventors, and have support from networks, mentorship, and private funding. The university should incentivise innovation and align its goals with the entrepreneurial ecosystem. Recommendations include integrating innovation commercialisation with the surrounding entrepreneurial ecosystem and treating innovators as owners of their research. Following these suggestions will increase the number of successful innovations and sectoral specialisation in the local entrepreneurial ecosystem.

PL

Niniejsze opracowanie miało na celu zbadanie czynników prowadzących do udanej komercjalizacji innowacji powstałych w wyniku transferu technologii i ich powiązania z ekosystemem przedsiębiorczości. Wykorzystując postpozytywistyczny paradygmat badawczy, w badaniu zastosowano jakościowe studium przypadku dotyczące transferów technologii uniwersyteckich o udokumentowanych wynikach. Wyniki te wykazały, że transfer technologii musi być zintegrowany na całym uniwersytecie, motywować profesorów i wynalazców oraz mieć wsparcie ze strony sieci, mentoringu i finansowania prywatnego. Uczelnia powinna zachęcać do innowacji i dostosowywać swoje cele do ekosystemu przedsiębiorczości. Zalecenia obejmują integrację komercjalizacji innowacji z otaczającym ekosystemem przedsiębiorczości i traktowanie innowatorów jako właścicieli swoich badań. Zastosowanie się do tych sugestii zwiększy liczbę udanych innowacji i specjalizację sektorową w lokalnym ekosystemie przedsiębiorczości.

3

Robot z dobrą intuicją

Koralewski Michał, Nowicki Kacper

Logistyka

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2023

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nr 1

28--33

PL

W połowie ubiegłego roku prasę branżową obiegła informacja o tym, że polski startup Nomagic, budujący systemy oparte o sztuczną inteligencję i przemysłowe ramiona robotyczne, które jak twierdzą sami twórcy - obdarzone są intuicją, pozyskał 22 miliony USD w trakcie rundy inwestycyjnej na dalszy rozwój technologii i bieżącą działalność.

4

The role of educational projects in building an ecosystem of university startups

Kowalik Joanna, Tsimayeu Andrei

Zeszyty Naukowe. Organizacja i Zarządzanie / Politechnika Śląska

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2022

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z. 156

277--291

EN

Purpose: The purpose of this article is to analyze the prospects of cooperation between universities and the business world on the example of training courses implemented within the framework of a project funded by the Ministry of Science and Higher Education (MNiSW). The paper presents the objectives, nature, and importance of business education projects that affect the form of university-business cooperation. Design/methodology/approach: The article presents the barriers and advantages, that is, the factors determining the cooperation between the university and business. The study is based on the results of a survey of the target group participating in training courses, a literature review and focus interviews. Findings: The conducted research allowed to analyze the main barriers to cooperation between universities and businesses and identify measures to improve the efficiency of technology transfer and commercialization of innovations within educational projects. Research limitations/implications: The results of this work can become an incentive to undertake further research on the cooperation between universities and business. The study has certain limitations, resulting mainly from a small research group (32 people), however, it provides valuable feedback on the benefits of cooperation for recipients. Practical implications: The results can be used to develop educational activities aimed at forming an academic ecosystem of startups and increasing the effectiveness of cooperation between universities and business in the framework of scientific projects. Social implications: The implementation of research results will contribute to improving the level of education and employment of the population. Originality/value: As a result of the research, it was found that the implementation of business education projects can become a driver for the development of university startups and increase the interest of university employees in cooperation with business.

5

Cooperative innovation strategies - review and analysis

Wolf Victoria, Dobrucka Renata, Przekop Robert, Haubold Stephan

LogForum

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2021

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Vol. 17, no. 4

477--484

EN

Background: As the terms innovation, innovation strategy and especially cooperative innovation strategy are owned and discussed by many business disciplines, they can have various definitions. But a defined innovation strategy is the first step to enable a generation of innovation in a constant way. There are different approaches how a strategy can be defined. One common approach of an innovation strategy which includes the idea of an exploratory and cooperative strategy is the Open Innovation method. It describes three possible cooperation archetypes of an organization and its environment. Caused by the increased importance of startups and their innovation approaches a transfer of the common Open Innovation approach to a cooperation between established organization and startups is the aim of this article and results in the description of the startup orientated cooperative innovation (SOCI) strategy. Methods: This article gives at first an introduction in the topic of innovation and innovation strategy and its different approaches. The Open Innovation approach is described and in a further step the transfer to the new framework of (SOCI) strategies is presented. Result: As a result, the paper presents a new framework for three archetypes of SOCI-strategies. Three archetypes of SOCI-strategies were identified, by relating the three archetypes of Open Innovation to cooperations between established companies and startups. The three SOCI-strategies are: Buy/rent a startup, spin-off and startup in coupled process. Conclusion: The SOCI framework can be seen as a helpful to categorized cooperations between established companies and startups in context of generation innovation and gives an overview which archetypes of startup cooperations are possible.

6

The specificity of Polish and Israeli start-ups utilizing modern ict technologies

Marzec Patrycja, Sliż Piotr

Organizacja i Zarządzanie : kwartalnik naukowy

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2020

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nr 2

99--112

EN

Introduction/background: The research problem was formulated by asking two research questions (RQ): RQ1: What are the similarities and differences in startup activity as observed in Poland and Israel? RQ2: What characteristics of a startup allow it to be treated as an AI-organisation? The conducted literature review allowed us to identify a certain cognitive gap (CG). CG1: There are few study reports discussing the characteristics of the European market of startups utilizing modern technologies. The study was conducted in 2018-2019. Aim of the paper: The main goal of the article is to present the results of a comparative analysis of Polish startups with Israeli organizations using artificial intelligence technology (AI startups). This main goal sets the focus on the respective partial epistemological aims. TA1: To determine the current state of knowledge about the characteristics of startups in Poland and AI startups in Israel. TA2: To try and define the term AI startup. Materials and methods: The research methods employed in implementing the formulated goals included: quantitative bibliometric analysis, systematic and critical review of the subject literature, text analysis and comparative analysis. Results and conclusions: It was noticed that clear differences can be observed between the analyzed markets, especially in terms of the number of AI startups. In addition, an attempt was made to define the concept of an AI startup, and the determinants of AI startups were also presented. In conclusion, the authors set the direction for further research, which would be based on expanding the observation of a broader spectrum of AI startups in other European and American markets.

7

Pro-climate initiatives of selected enterprises in Poland

Jastrzębska Ewa

Ekonomia i Środowisko

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2019

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nr 3

8--17

EN

Action aimed to combat climate change and its consequences is number 13 among the 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs): an urgent call for action announced by the UN in 2015 and highlighting the fundamental challenges to be faced by the modern world over the next 15 years. The SDGs are arousing a keen interest of the business sector. This is true also in Poland. Climate action is taken not only by large multinationals, which have become aware that degradation of the environment is now hampering development, but also by startups that are exerting an increasingly positive social impact and whose number has been growing rapidly worldwide. The article intends to asses selected cases of climate action taken by businesses in Poland. For this purpose, three parallel studies will be carried out of economic establishments based on a critical web research analysis.

8

Uwarunkowania rozwoju startupów : perspektywa północno-wschodniej Polski

Kowalewski K.

Nowoczesne Systemy Zarządzania

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2018

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T. 13, nr 3

245--257

PL

Niniejsza praca ma charakter teoretyczno-badawczy. Jej głównym celem jest zbadanie istnienia dysproporcji w uwarunkowaniach działalności startupów założonych w północno-wschodniej Polsce w stosunku do sytuacji ogólnokrajowej w badanym zakresie. Przedstawiono istotę i cechy szczególne startupów. W kolejnej części pracy ukazano specyfikę startupów funkcjonujących w regionie północno-wschodniej Polski. Analizę danych zastanych wzbogacono o prezentację wyników wywiadów eksperckich przeprowadzonych przez autora pracy. Artykuł kończą wnioski, które pozwalają stwierdzić, że warunki funkcjonowania i rozwoju startupów wykazują w Polsce silne regionalne zróżnicowanie.

EN

The following work has a theoretical and research character. Its main objective is to evaluate the existence of disproportions in the conditions of activities of startup businesses established in northeastern Poland in relation to the national situation in the examined area. The author has presented the essence and distinguishing features of startup businesses. The next part of the paper shows the specificity of startup businesses operating in the northeastern region of Poland. The analysis of existing data has been enriched with the presentation of the results of expert interviews conducted by the author of this work. The paper ends with the conclusions which lead to state that the conditions of functioning and development of startup businesses show strong regional diversity in Poland.

9

Intellectual property management in startups — problematic issues

Baran A., Zhumabaeva A.

Engineering Management in Production and Services

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2018

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Vol. 10, no. 2

66--74

EN

This paper describes the most important problems related to the management of intellectual property in startups. Startups have become an inseparable element of the innovative economy. Many of these companies base their development on intellectual capital and innovations. In this context, it is extremely important to legally secure the innovations and protect intellectual property. These activities can often be the decisive factor in the development of startups. This article aims to identify, analyse and evaluate the most important issues related to the management of intellectual property in startups. The first part of this paper presents the performed literature review, which mainly concerns the definition of innovation, the state of entrepreneurship in Poland, and the definition of a startup. The second part of the article deals with the main problems related to the management of intellectual property in startups. It is divided into three issues: underestimating the importance of intellectual property, the lack of intellectual property management strategies in startups and financial challenges of startups. The main results of the research indicate that many startups still have low awareness of what is intellectual property and what can be the consequence of using exclusive rights of others. The protection of intellectual property should become one of the elements of business strategies. However, startups find that the creation of the strategy and its implementation is rather expensive.

10

A study of creative industry entrepreneurial incubation

Stefko R., Steffek V.

Polish Journal of Management Studies

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2017

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Vol. 15, No. 2

250--261

EN

The study seeks to explore the key start-up facilitation services of the incubation and co-working market in Toronto that are most in demand by individuals from creative industries services. The study aims to increase understanding of the market, the competitive features, and success factors while helping better define a sustainable value proposition. Primary data were collected through online surveys with students enrolled in Ryerson University creative programs and in-depth interviews with representatives of current incubator users in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. The five tiers (physical infrastructure, office support, access to capital, process support and networking) along with suggested optional services in conjunction to constant adaptation to the emerging future condition represent the basis for successful operation of a new entrant in the market place. The results provide a deeper understanding of the core services business incubation milieu generates for target clients.

PL

Badanie ma na celu zapoznanie się z kluczowymi usługami ułatwiającymi rozpoczęcie działalności na rynku inkubacji i współpracy w Toronto, których najbardziej potrzebują jednostki świadczące usługi w branżach kreatywnych. Celem badania jest lepsze zrozumienie rynku, konkurencyjności i czynników sukcesu, pomagając jednocześnie lepiej zdefiniować propozycję zrównoważonej wartości. Podstawowe dane zebrano za pomocą kwestionariuszy online z udziałem studentów uczestniczących w programach kreatywnych Uniwersytetu w Ryerson oraz pogłębionych wywiadów z przedstawicielami obecnych użytkowników inkubatorów w Toronto, Ontario w Kanadzie. Pięć poziomów (infrastruktura fizyczna, wsparcie biura, dostęp do kapitału, wsparcie procesów i łączność sieciowa) wraz z sugerowanymi opcjonalnymi usługami w połączeniu z ciągłą adaptacją do wyłaniającego się przyszłego stanu, stanowi podstawę pomyślnego działania nowego podmiotu na rynku. Rezultaty dostarczają głębszego zrozumienia podstawowych usług środowiska inkubacji przedsiębiorstw generowanych dla klientów docelowych.

11

Startup in secondary education as a stimulus for the labour market

Dychała M.

Management Systems in Production Engineering

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2015

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nr 3 (19)

189--192

EN

The aim of the article was to point out and characterize different problems connected with cooperation between secondary schools and employers and benefits for local and national economy. The work discusses examples of cooperation among secondary schools, employers and higher education institutions. It also talks about introduction of practical entrepreneurship to schools in form of startups. The article discusses forms of academic entrepreneurship i.e. entrepreneurship incubator, spin off and spin out as continuation of secondary schools startups. It also characterizes startup in Great Britain.

PL

Celem artykułu było wskazanie i scharakteryzowanie wybranych problemów związanych z współpracą pomiędzy szkołami ponadgimnazialnymi i pracodawcami oraz płynącymi korzyściami dla gospodarki lokalnej jak i krajowej. W pracy omówiono przykłady współpracy szkół ponadgimnazjalnych z pracodawcami i uczelniami wyższymi. Podjęto rozważenia nad wprowadzeniem do szkół przedsiębiorczości praktycznej w formie startupów. Omówiono również formy akademickiej przedsiębiorczości tj. inkubator przedsiębiorczości oraz spin off i spin out jako kontynuacja startupów szkół ponadgimnazjalnych. Ponadto scharakteryzowano startup w Wielkiej Brytanii.