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Relationship between plant species richness and age of woodland patches (Ojców National Park, Poland)

Moszkowicz Ł.

Polish Journal of Ecology

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2014

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Vol. 62, nr 4

649--664

EN

Woodlands in different regions of Central Europe are mosaics diversified by floristic richness and age. The age of woodlands is understanded as the period of permanent existence of woodland phytocenosies, or at least a woodland site, without any transformations, even for a short period of time, to agricultural fields or any other areas managed in different ways. Forests which occur in identical habitats are often differentiated of their species richness. Data gathered from studies carried out to date, indicate that the age of a forest plays a significant role in the way plant communities develop. This relationship, however, is modified by a number of other factors. In this paper, an attempt was made to answer the following questions: 1) are there any differences in this relationship between woodland age and richness, and species composition of recent and ancient forests, 2) does the age of a forest affect the richness of vascular plant species in the layers of their vertical structure, the number of species of various phytosociological groups, 3) which of the selected factors affecting the processes of migration and colonization, alongside age, affect the richness of species noted in forest communities. The Ojców National Park (OPN) was chosen as a study area because its forests are diversified by age, from the younger than 71 to the older than 216 years and because the history of the forests there have been well documented. Age of selected woodland patches was determined using a ‘Map of distribution woodlands of different age in the Ojców National Park’, whereas the remaining factors were either measured or determined in the field or using available sources. In order to establish relationships, a multiple regression model was used.The results obtained in the study prove that, in OPN, the age of the forest is the principal factor affecting the overall number of vascular species. Old forests are most abundant in species, and many plant taxa occur only in such forests. Within the same age classes, the number of taxa is often diversified because of the impact of habitat factors e.g., humidity, and it is also linked to the history of the development of these forests. The factors which affect the species richness in a particularly beneficial way is the presence of rocks, as well as the diverse relief of a given area. Much less significant are exposure and inclination of the terrain. The age of a forest significantly affects the number of species in the herb layer, whereas it does not demonstrate significant correlations with respect to shrub or tree layers. The number of species in fertile deciduous forests are also positively affected, whereas no such relations were found in coniferous forest species. The results also indicate that the forest’s surface area, along with a specific combination of factors, may only have a limited effect on the richness of plant species in the area.

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Zmiany powierzchni leśnej wybranych terenów osadniczych Ziemi Lubuskiej w latach 1822 -2003

Wojterska M., Szrama K.

Prace Komisji Krajobrazu Kulturowego

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2012

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nr 16

181--190

PL

Badania nad szatą roślinną różnych typów osadniczych prowadzone są na terenie zachodniej Polski od 2007 r. Wśród 140 analizowanych osad na terenie Ziemi Lubuskiej dominują owalnice (65) oraz ulicówki (25). Szczegółowe studia roślinności na poziomie kompleksów zbiorowisk przeprowadzono w 33 obiektach o najlepiej zachowanej strukturze, z których większość powstała w XIII i XIV wieku. W niniejszym opracowaniu dane te zostały uzupełnione o charakterystykę przemian krajobrazu w otoczeniu 15 z tych wsi, dla których dostępne były historyczne materiały kartograficzne. Szczególną uwagę zwrócono na zmiany powierzchni leśnej, jako wskaźnika natężenia antropopresji. Wykorzystano w tym celu mapy z lat 1822-1828, 1933-1938 oraz 2003. Dla każdego przedziału czasowego obliczony został udział powierzchniowy lasów. Uzyskane wyniki potwierdzają tendencję wzrostu powierzchni leśnej w ostatnich dziesięcioleciach, przy jednoczesnej wyraźnej dynamice przemian krajobrazu w całym analizowanym okresie. Podobny udział powierzchniowy lasów na mapach z lat 1822-28 i współczesnych nie oznacza trwałości kompleksów leśnych. W całym okresie objętym badaniami obserwowane jest powstawanie i zanikanie powierzchni leśnych.

EN

Vegetation studies in different types of settlements are conducted in western Poland since 2007. Out of 140 analysed settlements in the Ziemia Lubuska region, the most common were villages of oval (65) and linear (25) shape. For detailed vegetation studies conducted within spatial complexes, 33 settlements with best preserved structure have been chosen. Their origin has been traced back to the XIII or XIV century. In this study those data have been completed with the description of landscape transformation around 15 villages, for which the historical cartographic sources were available. The share of forests, as indicator of intensity of human impact has been estimated on the maps from the years 1822-1828, 1933-1938 and 2003. The obtained results confirm the tendency of the increment of forest area in last decades. There is however distinct dynamics in the landscape transformation. Similar share of forests on maps from 1822-28 and on contemporary ones does not indicate their persistence, there are observed both decline and emerging of new forest areas.

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Vegetation of the proposed "Bażantka" nature reserve on Głubczyce Plateau in the light of current threats to the forested habitats

Orczewska A.

Zeszyty Naukowe. Inżynieria Środowiska / Uniwersytet Zielonogórski

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2004

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nr 131(12)

295-305

EN

The vegetation cover of a small isolated woodland located in the agricultural landscape of the Głubczyce Plateau was studied. The following forest communities of natural character were present there: Ribeso nigri-Alnetum, Fraxino-Alnetum and Tilio cordatae-Carpinetum betuli. The main evidence of transformation of the vegetation cover of the woodland is the presence of the Picea abies-Impatiens parviflora secondary community and the abundant occurrence of Impatiens parviflora in some parts of the natural communities. Another expansive species which, like Impatiens parviflora, contributes to a decrease in the biodiversity of the herb layer, is Carex brizoides. Although some evidence of past disturbance was noticed, the vegetation cover of the wood is relatively well preserved. A proposal has been made to protect the whole woodland as a nature reserve.

PL

Przeprowadzono badania nad roślinnością małego, izolowanego przestrzennie lasu, położonego w rolniczym krajobrazie Płaskowyżu Głubczyckiego. Stwierdzono tu obecność następujących zbiorowisk leśnych o charakterze naturalnym: Ribeso nigri-Alnetum, Fraxino-Alnetum oraz Tilio cordatae-Carpinetum betuli. Głównymi przejawami transformacji pokrywy roślinnej badanego obszaru była obecność zbiorowiska zastępczego Picea abies-Impatiens parviflora, rosnącego na siedlisku grądu oraz masowe występowanie Impatiens parviflora w niektórych partiach lasu. Innym ekspansywnym gatunkiem, który tak jak i niecierpek drobnokwiatowy, przyczynia się do spadku bogactwa gatunkowego w warstwie runa, jest Carex brizoides. Pomimo przejawów działających w przeszłości zaburzeń o charakterze antropogenicznym pokrywa roślinna badanego obiektu jest stosunkowo dobrze zachowana. Z tych względów proponuje się objąć go ochroną rezerwatową.